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Xu K, Arbab MH. Terahertz polarimetric imaging of biological tissue: Monte Carlo modeling of signal contrast mechanisms due to Mie scattering. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2328-2342. [PMID: 38633080 PMCID: PMC11019684 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Many promising biomedical applications have been proposed for terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and diagnostic imaging techniques. Polarimetric imaging systems are generally useful for enhancing imaging contrasts, yet the interplay between THz polarization changes and the random discrete structures in biological samples is not well understood. In this work, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of polarized THz waves in skin and adipose tissues based on the Mie scattering from intrinsic structures, such as hair follicles or sweat glands. We show that the polarimetric contrasts are distinctly affected by concentration, size and dielectric properties of the scatterers, as well as the frequency and polarization of the incident THz waves. We describe the experimental requirements for observing and extracting these polarimetric signals due to the low energy and small angular spread of the back-scattered THz radiation. We analyzed the spatially integrated Mueller matrices of samples in the normal-incidence back-scattering geometry. We show that the frequency-dependent degree of polarization (DOP) can be used to infer the concentrations and dielectric contents of the scattering structures. Our modeling approach can be used to inform the design of the imaging modalities and the interpretation of the spectroscopic data in future terahertz biomedical imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangyi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - M. Hassan Arbab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Doronin A, Yakovlev VV, Bagnato VS. Photodynamic treatment of malignant melanoma with structured light: in silico Monte Carlo modeling. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1682-1693. [PMID: 38495709 PMCID: PMC10942715 DOI: 10.1364/boe.515962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we propose a novel strategy for the photodynamic approach to the treatment of melanoma, aiming to mitigate the excessive absorption and consequent thermal effects. The cornerstone of this approach is an innovative structured illumination technique that optimizes light delivery to the tissue. The methodology of this in silico study involves the development of an optical model of human skin with the presence of melanoma and an accurate simulation technique of photon transport within the complex turbid scattering medium. To assess the effectiveness of our proposed strategy, we introduced a cost function reflecting the irradiated volume and optical radiation absorption within the target area/volume occupied by malformation. By utilizing the cost function, we refine the offset illumination parameters for a variety of target system parameters, ensuring increased efficiency of photodynamic therapy. Our computer simulation results introduce a promising new path towards improved photodynamic melanoma treatments, potentially leading to better therapeutic outcomes and reduced side effects. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these theoretical advancements, which could contribute towards revolutionizing current melanoma photodynamic treatment methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Doronin
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vanderlei S. Bagnato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Institute of Physics, São Carlos, São Paulo University, Brazil
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3
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Wang X, Anastasio M, Zhang H, Sakadzic S, Hu S, Gao L. Introducing the Special Issue Honoring Lihong V. Wang, Pioneer in Biomedical Optics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11500. [PMID: 38846410 PMCID: PMC11153774 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The editorial concludes the JBO Special Issue Honoring Lihong V. Wang, outlining Prof. Wang's salient contributions to advancing the field of biomedical optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueding Wang
- University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Mark Anastasio
- University of Illinois Urbana - Champaign, The Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Sava Sakadzic
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Mass General Brigham, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Song Hu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Liang Gao
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Bioengineering, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Xu K, Arbab MH. Terahertz polarimetric imaging of biological tissues: Monte Carlo modeling of signal contrast mechanisms due to Mie scattering. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3745690. [PMID: 38168438 PMCID: PMC10760297 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3745690/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Many promising biomedical applications have been proposed for terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and diagnostic imaging techniques. Polarimetric imaging systems are generally useful for enhancing imaging contrasts, yet the interplay between THz polarization changes and the random discrete structures in biological samples are not well understood. In this work, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of polarized THz waves in skin and adipose tissues based on the Mie scattering from intrinsic structures, such as hair follicles or sweat glands. We show that the polarimetric contrasts are distinctly affected by concentration, size and dielectric properties of the scatterers, as well as the frequency and polarization of the incident THz waves. We describe the experimental requirements for observing and extracting these polarimetric signals due to the low energy and small angular spread of the back-scattered THz radiation. We analyzed the spatially integrated Mueller matrices of samples in the normal-incidence back-scattering geometry. We show that the frequency-dependent degree of polarization (DOP) can be used to infer the concentrations and dielectric contents of the scattering structures. Our modeling approach can be used to inform the design of the imaging modalities and the interpretation of the spectroscopic data in future terahertz biomedical imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangyi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - M. Hassan Arbab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Clennell A, Nguyen V, Yakovlev VV, Doronin A. Neu(t)ralMC: energy-efficient open source Monte Carlo algorithm for assessing photon transport in turbid media. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30921-30931. [PMID: 37710624 PMCID: PMC10544956 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Light propagation in turbid mediums such as atmosphere, fluids, and biological tissues is a challenging problem which necessitates accurate simulation techniques to account for the effects of multiple scattering. The Monte Carlo method has long established itself as a gold standard and is widely adopted for simulating light transport, however, its computationally intensive nature often requires significant processing power and energy consumption. In this paper a novel, open source Monte Carlo algorithm is introduced which is specifically designed for use with energy-efficient processors, effectively addressing those challenges, while maintaining the accuracy/compatibility and outperforming existing solutions. The proposed implementation optimizes photon transport simulations by exploiting the unique capabilities of Apple's low-power, high-performance M-family of chips. The developed method has been implemented in an open-source software package, enabling seamless adaptation of developed algorithms for specific applications. The accuracy and performance are validated using comprehensive comparison with existing solvers commonly used for biomedical imaging. The results demonstrate that the new algorithm achieves comparable accuracy levels to those of existing techniques while significantly reducing computational time and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Clennell
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Vladislav V. Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Alexander Doronin
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Guo J, Meng S, Su H, Zhang B, Li T. Non-invasive optical monitoring of human lungs: Monte Carlo modeling of photon migration in Visible Chinese Human and an experimental test on a human. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6389-6403. [PMID: 36589576 PMCID: PMC9774858 DOI: 10.1364/boe.472530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The human lung was quantified and visualized by photon transport in this paper. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of voxelized media was used with the visible Chinese human (VCH). This study theoretically explored the feasibility of non-invasive optical detection of pulmonary hemodynamics, and investigated the optimal location of the light source in the lung photon migration and optimized the source-detector distance. The light fluence intensity showed that the photon penetration depth was 6-8.4 mm in the human lung. The optimal distance from the light source to the detector was 2.7-2.9 cm, but the optimal distance of the superior lobe of right lung was 3.3-3.5 cm. We then conducted experiments on diffuse light reflectance using NIRS on 14 volunteers. These measurements agree well with the simulation results. All the results demonstrated the great potential of non-invasive monitoring of pulmonary hemodynamics and contribute to the study of human lungs in the biomedical optics community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- School of optoelectronic science and engineering, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shuo Meng
- Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hengjie Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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Vaziri MRR, Ranjbar S, Beigzadeh AM, Sharif S. Experimental investigation and simultaneous modeling of the effect of methylene blue addition to cancer tumors in photodynamic therapy by digital holography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103153. [PMID: 36228979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many types of cancers can be treated with surgery, alternatives such as photodynamic therapy with simultaneous use of photosensitive materials and illumination can also be used. Knowing the dose of absorbed energy from the light beam in the photo-sensitized tumors and tissues has an important role in designing the optimal irradiation method with the aim of investigating the amount of received damage to the healthy and tumor tissues. METHODS In this study, the effect of the presence of methylene blue sensitizer on the amount of dose received in tissue-equivalent material has been investigated experimentally by Mach-Zehnder interferometry and digital holography. The Monte Carlo method and the ValoMC code have been used to confirm the results obtained in the experimental phase. RESULTS The results indicate the positive role of methylene blue in increasing the absorbed dose of tumor-equivalent material. The amount of light dose increase and the two-dimensional profile of the dose absorbed in tissue and tumor equivalent materials have been measured by digital holography. CONCLUSIONS The method presented in this work can be used in treatment design and real time measuring of the spatially resolved distribution of the absorbed dose in the tissues containing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Ranjbar
- Applied Physics Group, Faculty of Physics and Energy Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Beigzadeh
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sharif
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi square, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fang Q, Martelli F, Lilge L. Special Section Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special Section Celebrating 30 years of Open Source Monte Carlo Codes in Biomedical Optics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:083001. [PMID: 35941724 PMCID: PMC9360607 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.083001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The editorial introduces the JBO Special Section Celebrating 30 Years of Open Source Monte Carlo Codes in Biomedical Optics for Volume 27, Issue 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fang
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, United States
| | | | - Lothar Lilge
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Canada
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