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Kvist A, Bezuidenhout L, Johansson H, Albrecht F, Moulaee Conradsson D, Franzén E. Validation of fNIRS measurement of executive demand during walking with and without dual-task in younger and older adults and people with Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103637. [PMID: 38964222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking with a concurrent cognitive task (dual-task walking) can pose a challenge to some populations due to aging or neurodegenerative disease. These tasks require cognitive resources involving the prefrontal cortex and can be studied using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). An important step in understanding fNIRS measures during such walking tasks is validating that measures reflect the demands of the tasks and not confounding sources or movement artifacts. AIM This study aimed to investigate the validity of fNIRS measures of prefrontal cortex activity as an indicator of executive demand during usual walking (single-task) and dual-task walking against clinical and objective measures of motor behavior in young adults, older adults, and people with Parkinson's disease (PD), by evaluating several validation hypotheses. METHODS In total, 133 participants were recruited from younger adults (18-50 years, n = 42), older adults (≥60 years, n = 49) and people with PD (≥60 years, n = 42). Activity in the prefrontal cortex during walking with and without an auditory Stroop task was measured with fNIRS. A combined hemoglobin measure (correlation-based signal improvement, CBSI) was calculated for use in a region of interest analysis in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Pre-registered hypotheses regarding convergent validity, discriminant validity and known group validity were tested. An exploratory analysis of different hemoglobin measures was also performed. RESULTS Increases in dlPFC activity were found from single- to dual-task walking in the younger adults group and from rest to single-task walking in the older adults and PD groups. In line with hypotheses, a positive relationship was found between between dlPFC activity during dual-task walking and dual-task cost in the younger adults group, as well as a positive relationship to step time variability during single-task walking and a negative relationship to walking speed during single-task walking in the PD group. However, several clinical and gait measures lacked a relationship with dlPFC activity. CONCLUSION The fNIRS results point towards the CBSI measure of dlPFC activity being a valid measure of executive demand during both single and dual-task walking. Some relationships between clinical and gait measures and brain activity during walking need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kvist
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lucian Bezuidenhout
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hanna Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Sjukhem Foundation, Mariebergsgatan 22, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Albrecht
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Moulaee Conradsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Sjukhem Foundation, Mariebergsgatan 22, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Moffat R, Caruana N, Cross ES. Inhibiting responses under the watch of a recently synchronized peer increases self-monitoring: evidence from functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Open Biol 2024; 14:230382. [PMID: 38378138 PMCID: PMC10878812 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing motor synchrony with a peer (through interventions such as the mirror game) can yield collaborative, cognitive and social benefits. However, it is also well established that observation by an audience can improve cognition. The combined and relative advantages offered by motor synchronization and audience effects are not yet understood. It is important to address this gap to determine the extent to which synchronizing activities might interact with the positive effects of an audience. In this preregistered study, we investigate the extent to which response inhibition may be improved when observed by a peer after motor synchronization with this peer. We compare behavioural and cortical (functional near-infrared spectroscopy; fNIRS) measures of inhibition between synchronized and non-synchronized dyads and find that the presence of a synchronized peer-audience introduces a speed-accuracy trade-off, consisting of slower reaction times and improved accuracy. This co-occurs with cortical activation in bilateral inferior frontal and middle prefrontal cortices, which are implicated in monitoring and maintenance of social alignment. Our findings have implications for carers and support people, who may benefit from synchronizing activities for rehabilitating inhibition and social skills in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Moffat
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Professorship for Social Brain Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - N. Caruana
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - E. S. Cross
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Westmead Innovation Quarter Building U, Westmead New South Wales 2145, Australia
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
- Professorship for Social Brain Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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3
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De Nicolò M, Kanatschnig T, Hons M, Wood G, Kiili K, Moeller K, Greipl S, Ninaus M, Kober SE. Engaging learners with games-Insights from functional near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286450. [PMID: 37279251 PMCID: PMC10243642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of game elements in learning tasks is thought to facilitate emotional and behavioral responses as well as learner engagement. So far, however, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms of game-based learning. In the current study, we added game elements to a number line estimation task assessing fraction understanding and compared brain activation patterns to a non-game-based task version. Forty-one participants performed both task versions in counterbalanced order while frontal brain activation patterns were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (within-subject, cross-sectional study design). Additionally, heart rate, subjective user experience, and task performance were recorded. Task performance, mood, flow experience, as well as heart rate did not differ between task versions. However, the game-based task-version was rated as more attractive, stimulating and novel compared to the non-game-based task version. Additionally, completing the game-based task version was associated with stronger activation in frontal brain areas generally involved in emotional and reward processing as well as attentional processes. These results provide new neurofunctional evidence substantiating that game elements in learning tasks seem to facilitate learning through emotional and cognitive engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Hons
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guilherme Wood
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kristian Kiili
- Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Greipl
- Department of Media and Communication, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Ninaus
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Erika Kober
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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4
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Paranawithana I, Mao D, McKay CM, Wong YT. Connections between spatially distant primary language regions strengthen with age during infancy, as revealed by resting-state fNIRS. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 36763991 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acbb2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Hearing is an important sensory function that plays a key role in how children learn to speak and develop language skills. Although previous neuroimaging studies have established that much of brain network maturation happens in early childhood, our understanding of the developmental trajectory of language areas is still very limited. We hypothesized that typical development trajectory of language areas in early childhood could be established by analyzing the changes of functional connectivity in normal hearing infants at different ages using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Approach.Resting-state data were recorded from two bilateral temporal and prefrontal regions associated with language processing by measuring the relative changes of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations. Connectivity was calculated using magnitude-squared coherence of channel pairs located in (a) inter-hemispheric homologous and (b) intra-hemispheric brain regions to assess connectivity between homologous regions across hemispheres and two regions of interest in the same hemisphere, respectively.Main results.A linear regression model fitted to the age vs coherence of inter-hemispheric homologous test group revealed a significant coefficient of determination for both HbO (R2= 0.216,p= 0.0169) and HbR (R2= 0.206,p= 0.0198). A significant coefficient of determination was also found for intra-hemispheric test group for HbO (R2= 0.237,p= 0.0117) but not for HbR (R2= 0.111,p= 0.0956).Significance.The findings from HbO data suggest that both inter-hemispheric homologous and intra-hemispheric connectivity between primary language regions significantly strengthen with age in the first year of life. Mapping out the developmental trajectory of primary language areas of normal hearing infants as measured by functional connectivity could potentially allow us to better understand the altered connectivity and its effects on language delays in infants with hearing impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishara Paranawithana
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Darren Mao
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.,Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colette M McKay
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.,Department of Medical Bionics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yan T Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Department of Physiology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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5
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Tao P, Shao X, Dong Y, Adams R, Preston E, Liu Y, Han J. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy measures of frontal hemodynamic responses in Parkinson's patients and controls performing the Timed-Up-and-Go test. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114219. [PMID: 36403671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) were measured while participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls performed the Timed-Up-and-Go test (TUGT), and differences in cortical activity at baseline and three different intervals were examined between the two groups. Seventeen PD patients and twenty-two controls participated in the study, but two PD patients were excluded from statistical analysis due to the presence of freezing of gait and using walking aids during the TUGT. During the TUGT, activity in the front, left, right and total frontal cortices initially decreased significantly, then significantly increased in PD participants and low-risk faller PD participants, compared to when in a sitting position. ΔHbO (HbO change from baseline) over the front, left and total frontal cortices in the PD group was significantly lower than the control group in interval 1 (P = 0.019, P = 0.014 and P = 0.031, respectively), while significantly higher than the control group in interval 2 over the left frontal cortex (P = 0.010). No significant differences were observed between the high-risk faller and low-risk faller subgroups of PD participants in ΔHbO and ΔHbR in the three intervals (P > 0.05). In the high-risk faller subgroup, ΔHbO over the left frontal cortex was significantly higher than the right frontal cortex in interval 2 and interval 3 (P = 0.015, P = 0.030, respectively). There was a strong positive correlation between education and HbR concentration over the right frontal cortex in PD participants (rho = 0.557, P = 0.031), while there were strong negative correlations between PD duration and HbR concentration over the right and total frontal cortices in the high-risk faller subgroup of PD participants (rho = -0.854, P = 0.014 for the right; rho = -0.784, P = 0.037 for the total). The falls prediction cutoff TUGT time for PD participants was 14.2 s. These results suggest that frontal cognition training, along with exercise training, could be used as an effective training method to improve motor performance in PD patients, especially for those at high-risk for falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321013, China.
| | - Xuerong Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Yuchen Dong
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321013, China.
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
| | | | - Ying Liu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Lab of Cognitive Evaluation and Regulation in Sport, General Administration of Sport of China, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jia Han
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia.
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6
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Yang L. Analysis of Erhu Performance Effect in Public Health Music Works Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:9251793. [PMID: 36089953 PMCID: PMC9458413 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9251793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the rise of Erhu teaching in recent years, a large number of people have joined the team to learn Erhu playing. However, due to the high cost of teaching and the unique one-to-one teaching mode between teachers and students, Erhu education resources are very scarce. Learning Erhu performance has become a luxury activity. Nowadays, with the rise of artificial intelligence, computer music is developing rapidly. Music has two important aspects: composition and performance. Different kinds of instruments convey different styles, and players inject different rhythms and dynamics into their performance, thus producing rich expressive force. The development of image style conversion, which opens people's evaluation of music performance, is an important issue in many fields of artificial intelligence (it is also known as intelligence, machine intelligence, referring to the intelligence shown by the machine made by people. Usually, artificial intelligence refers to the technique of presenting human intelligence through ordinary computer programs). For an Erhu song, there are various factors that affect its effectiveness, and there are many indexes to evaluate it, such as sense of rhythm, expressive force, musical sense, style, and so on. Using a computer to simulate the evaluation process is essential to find out the mathematical relationship between the factors that affect the performance of music and the evaluation indexes. Neural network is a kind of mathematical model proposed by simulating the way of thinking of human brain in artificial intelligence. It has the advantages of not having strict requirements on data distribution, nonlinear data processing method, strong robustness, and dynamics and is very suitable for the mathematical model of evaluation system. In addition, the neural network also has a strong theoretical basis, and their application in various industries has developed basically mature. This paper tries to introduce a deep neural network mathematical model into the evaluation system of Erhu performance, and the experimental results prove the reliability and practicality of the method in this paper. It can provide a method basis and theoretical reference for evaluation of Erhu performance effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Music Department, Normal College, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
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7
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McLinden J, Borgheai B, Hosni S, Kumar C, Rahimi N, Shao M, Spencer KM, Shahriari Y. Individual-Specific Characterization of Event-Related Hemodynamic Responses during an Auditory Task: An Exploratory Study. Behav Brain Res 2022; 436:114074. [PMID: 36028001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been established as an informative modality for understanding the hemodynamic-metabolic correlates of cortical auditory processing. To date, such knowledge has shown broad clinical applications in the diagnosis, treatment, and intervention procedures in disorders affecting auditory processing; however, exploration of the hemodynamic response to auditory tasks is yet incomplete. This holds particularly true in the context of auditory event-related fNIRS experiments, where preliminary work has shown the presence of valid responses while leaving the need for more comprehensive explorations of the hemodynamic correlates of event-related auditory processing. In this study, we apply an individual-specific approach to characterize fNIRS-based hemodynamic changes during an auditory task in healthy adults. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) concentration change time courses were acquired from eight participants. Independent component analysis (ICA) was then applied to isolate individual-specific class discriminative spatial filters, which were then applied to HbO2 time courses to extract auditory-related hemodynamic features. While six of eight participants produced significant class discriminative features before ICA-based spatial filtering, the proposed method identified significant auditory hemodynamic features in all participants. Furthermore, ICA-based filtering improved correlation between trial labels and extracted features in every participant. For the first time, this study demonstrates hemodynamic features important in experiments exploring auditory processing as well as the utility of individual-specific ICA-based spatial filtering in fNIRS-based feature extraction techniques in auditory experiments. These outcomes provide insights for future studies exploring auditory hemodynamic characteristics and may eventually provide a baseline framework for better understanding auditory response dysfunctions in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McLinden
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - B Borgheai
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - S Hosni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - C Kumar
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, MA
| | - N Rahimi
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, MA
| | - M Shao
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, MA
| | - K M Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Jamaica Plain, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Shahriari
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
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8
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Fullerton AM, Vickers DA, Luke R, Billing AN, McAlpine D, Hernandez-Perez H, Peelle JE, Monaghan JJM, McMahon CM. Cross-modal functional connectivity supports speech understanding in cochlear implant users. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3350-3371. [PMID: 35989307 PMCID: PMC10068270 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory deprivation can lead to cross-modal cortical changes, whereby sensory brain regions deprived of input may be recruited to perform atypical function. Enhanced cross-modal responses to visual stimuli observed in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users are hypothesized to reflect increased activation of cortical language regions, but it is unclear if this cross-modal activity is "adaptive" or "mal-adaptive" for speech understanding. To determine if increased activation of language regions is correlated with better speech understanding in CI users, we assessed task-related activation and functional connectivity of auditory and visual cortices to auditory and visual speech and non-speech stimuli in CI users (n = 14) and normal-hearing listeners (n = 17) and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure hemodynamic responses. We used visually presented speech and non-speech to investigate neural processes related to linguistic content and observed that CI users show beneficial cross-modal effects. Specifically, an increase in connectivity between the left auditory and visual cortices-presumed primary sites of cortical language processing-was positively correlated with CI users' abilities to understand speech in background noise. Cross-modal activity in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf CI users may reflect adaptive activity of a distributed, multimodal speech network, recruited to enhance speech understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Fullerton
- Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Deborah A Vickers
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Sound Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OSZ, United Kingdom.,Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1PF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Luke
- Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Addison N Billing
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WCIN 3AZ, United Kingdom.,DOT-HUB, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David McAlpine
- Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Heivet Hernandez-Perez
- Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Peelle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jessica J M Monaghan
- National Acoustic Laboratories, Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney 2109, Australia.,Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Catherine M McMahon
- Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing, Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.,HEAR Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
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9
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Luke R, Innes-Brown H, Undurraga JA, McAlpine D. Human cortical processing of interaural coherence. iScience 2022; 25:104181. [PMID: 35494228 PMCID: PMC9051632 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sounds reach the ears as a mixture of energy generated by different sources. Listeners extract cues that distinguish different sources from one another, including how similar sounds arrive at the two ears, the interaural coherence (IAC). Here, we find listeners cannot reliably distinguish two completely interaurally coherent sounds from a single sound with reduced IAC. Pairs of sounds heard toward the front were readily confused with single sounds with high IAC, whereas those heard to the sides were confused with single sounds with low IAC. Sounds that hold supra-ethological spatial cues are perceived as more diffuse than can be accounted for by their IAC, and this is accounted for by a computational model comprising a restricted, and sound-frequency dependent, distribution of auditory-spatial detectors. We observed elevated cortical hemodynamic responses for sounds with low IAC, suggesting that the ambiguity elicited by sounds with low interaural similarity imposes elevated cortical load. Listeners report ambiguous spatial percepts for sounds with reduced interaural coherence Supra-ethological spatial cues impose an additional diffuse quality to sounds A frequency-dependent distribution of spatial detectors explains behavioral results Sounds with low interaural coherence impose elevated cortical load
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Luke
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Bionics Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author
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10
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Paranawithana I, Mao D, Wong YT, McKay CM. Reducing false discoveries in resting-state functional connectivity using short channel correction: an fNIRS study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:015001. [PMID: 35071689 PMCID: PMC8765292 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging tool that can measure resting-state functional connectivity; however, non-neuronal components present in fNIRS signals introduce false discoveries in connectivity, which can impact interpretation of functional networks. Aim: We investigated the effect of short channel correction on resting-state connectivity by removing non-neuronal signals from fNIRS long channel data. We hypothesized that false discoveries in connectivity can be reduced, hence improving the discriminability of functional networks of known, different connectivity strengths. Approach: A principal component analysis-based short channel correction technique was applied to resting-state data of 10 healthy adult subjects. Connectivity was analyzed using magnitude-squared coherence of channel pairs in connectivity groups of homologous and control brain regions, which are known to differ in connectivity. Results: By removing non-neuronal components using short channel correction, significant reduction of coherence was observed for oxy-hemoglobin concentration changes in frequency bands associated with resting-state connectivity that overlap with the Mayer wave frequencies. The results showed that short channel correction reduced spurious correlations in connectivity measures and improved the discriminability between homologous and control groups. Conclusions: Resting-state functional connectivity analysis with short channel correction performs better than without correction in its ability to distinguish functional networks with distinct connectivity characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishara Paranawithana
- Monash University, Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren Mao
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Bionics, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan T. Wong
- Monash University, Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colette M. McKay
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Bionics, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Basic Examination of Haemoglobin Phase of Oxygenation and Deoxygenation in Resting State and Task Periods in Adults Using fNIRS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:189-198. [PMID: 36527636 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique used to measure the relative changes in concentrations of oxygenated haemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) in the cerebral cortex. While most previous studies using fNIRS have relied only on a single oxy-Hb or deoxy-Hb parameter to infer about neural activation, the phase difference between the oxy- and deoxy-Hb signals (haemoglobin phase of oxygenation and deoxygenation: hPod) has been reported to be an important biomarker for analysing haemodynamic characteristics of the brain in infants. In this study, we examined the basic characteristics of adult hPod to develop a new analysis method to detect more sensitive signals that reflect neural activation in adults using fNIRS. We measured the hPod of 12 healthy adults in the frontal and occipital cortex during rest and upon exposure to visual stimuli and the verbal working memory (WM) task. We found that the average hPod values during the entire measurement period ranged between π and 1.5π rad in all conditions. This result indicates that the phase differences in adults were generally close to a stable antiphase pattern (hPod values around π), regardless of the presence or absence of tasks and stimuli. However, when dynamic changes in hPod values were analysed, significant differences between the resting state and WM tasks were observed during activation period in the frontal and occipital regions. These results suggest that the analysis of dynamic hPod change is useful for detecting a subtle activation for cognitive tasks.
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