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Borsavage JM, Cherpak AJ, Robar JL. Investigation of a novel 2.5 MV sintered diamond target beam for intracranial linac-based stereotactic treatments. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:055035. [PMID: 39151448 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Purpose. This work investigates the small-field dosimetric characteristics of a 2.5 MV sintered diamond target beam and its feasibility for use in linac-based intracranial stereotactic treatments. Due to the increased proportion of low energy photons in the low-Z beam, it was hypothesized that this novel beam would provide sharper dose fall-off compared to the 6 MV beam owing to the reduced energy, and therefore range, of secondary electrons.Methods. Stereotactic treatments of ocular melanoma and trigeminal neuralgia were simulated for 2.5 MV low-Z and 6 MV beams using Monte Carlo to calculate dose in a voxelized anatomical phantom. Two collimation methods were investigated, including a 5 × 3 mm2HDMLC field and a 4 mm cone to demonstrate isolated and combined effects of geometric and radiological contributions to the penumbral width.Results. The measured 2.5 MV low-Z dosimetric profiles demonstrated reduced penumbra by 0.5 mm in both the inline and crossline directions across all depths for both collimation methods, compared to 6 MV. In both treatment cases, the 2.5 MV low-Z beam collimated with the 4 mm cone produced the sharpest dose fall off in profiles captured through isocenter. This improved fall-off resulted in a 59% decrease to the maximum brainstem dose in the trigeminal neuralgia case for the 2.5 MV low-Z MLC collimated beam compared to 6 MV. Reductions to the maximum and mean doses to ipsilateral and contralateral OARs in the ocular melanoma case were observed for the 2.5 MV low-Z beam compared to 6 MV with both collimation methods.Conclusions. While the low dose rate of this novel beam prohibits immediate clinical translation, the results of this study support the further development of this prototype beam to decrease toxicity in intracranial SRS treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Borsavage
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda J Cherpak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James L Robar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Khaledi N, Hayes C, Belshaw L, Grattan M, Khan R, Gräfe JL. Treatment planning with a 2.5 MV photon beam for radiation therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13811. [PMID: 36300870 PMCID: PMC9797178 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The shallow depth of maximum dose and higher dose fall-off gradient of a 2.5 MV beam along the central axis that is available for imaging on linear accelerators is investigated for treatment of shallow tumors and sparing the organs at risk (OARs) beyond it. In addition, the 2.5 MV beam has an energy bridging the gap between kilo-voltage (kV) and mega-voltage (MV) beams for applications of dose enhancement with high atomic number (Z) nanoparticles. METHODS We have commissioned and utilized a MATLAB-based, open-source treatment planning software (TPS), matRad, for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose calculations. Treatment plans for prostate, liver, and head and neck (H&N), nasal cavity, two orbit cases, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were performed and compared to a conventional 6 MV beam. Additional Monte Carlo calculations were also used for benchmarking the central axis dose. RESULTS Both beams had similar planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage for all cases. However, the 2.5 MV beam deposited 6%-19% less integral doses to the nasal cavity, orbit, and GBM cases than 6 MV photons. The mean dose to the heart in the liver plan was 10.5% lower for 2.5 MV beam. The difference between the doses to OARs of H&N for two beams was under 3%. Brain mean dose, brainstem, and optic chiasm max doses were, respectively, 7.5%-14.9%, 2.2%-8.1%, and 2.5%-19.0% lower for the 2.5 MV beam in the nasal cavity, orbit, and GBM plans. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the 2.5 MV beam can produce clinically relevant treatment plans, motivating future efforts for design of single-energy LINACs. Such a machine will be capable of producing beams at this energy beneficial for low- and middle-income countries, and investigations on dose enhancement from high-Z nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Khaledi
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Chris Hayes
- Radiotherapy PhysicsNorthern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
| | - Louise Belshaw
- Radiotherapy PhysicsNorthern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
| | - Mark Grattan
- Radiotherapy PhysicsNorthern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfast Health and Social Care TrustBelfastUK
| | - Rao Khan
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada,Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Radiation OncologyHoward UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - James L. Gräfe
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceToronto Metropolitan UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
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Tashiro M, Souda H, Yoshida T, Sakurai H. Reconstruction of dose distributions for fine carbon-ion beams using iterative approximation toward carbon-knife. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:225023. [PMID: 33053513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abc131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the practical application of carbon-knife with fine carbon-ion beams, the quantification of the dose distribution is essential and requires a high spatial resolution. We propose a novel method to quantify dose distributions with a spatial resolution smaller than the dosimeter size. The proposed method innovates the iterative reconstruction technique. Using a diode dosimeter with a sensitive area of 1 mm2, two-dimensional dose-area-product (DAP) distributions were measured at a 0.1 mm step at the surface and near the Bragg peak depths for fine carbon-ion beams of ∼1 mm size at the full width at half maximum (FWHM). Then, the dose distributions were reconstructed with a spatial resolution of 0.1 × 0.1 mm2 from the measured DAP distributions. However, an unnaturally high noise was observed in the reconstructed dose distributions, which were considered to originate from the measurement reproducibility errors of the DAP distributions estimated to be 2.5%-3%. Therefore, a low-pass filtering process was implemented to reduce the errors on the reconstructed dose distributions. The optimum cut-off frequencies of the low-pass filter were estimated depending on the amplitude of the induced noise. Using the filtering process with the obtained optimum cut-off frequency, the dose distribution was quantified with an average error of approximately 3% or less with respect to the peak value, when the actual measurement had an error of 3%. In the reconstructed dose rate distributions, a steep penumbra P80-20 ∼ 0.2 mm was observed at the surface, and a dose rate at the center axis of ∼90 Gy s-1 and a beam size of ∼1.1 mm at FWHM near the Bragg peak were obtained. The proposed method is expected to be useful for the measurement-based determination of microbeam models for commissioning and dose distribution calculations toward carbon-knife applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Tashiro
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (GHMC), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Mahmoudi A, Geraily G, Hadisinia T, Shirazi A, Najafzadeh M. Beam penumbra reduction of Gamma Knife machine model 4C using Monte Carlo simulation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 188:105261. [PMID: 31841789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In small radiation fields used in stereotactic radiosurgery penumbra is an important portion of the field size especially when critical organs at risk are located near the treatment sites. This study was aimed to reduce penumbra width (90%-50% isodose lines) of Gamma Knife (GK) machine by investigating of source to diaphragm distance (SDD) and designing compensating filter. METHODS Compensating filters at the end of the helmet collimators with the aim of reducing penumbra as well as reducing hot spots appeared near the edge of beam were modeled using Monte Carlo simulation code. Moreover, the SDD parameter was increased as one of the effective factors on penumbra width. RESULTS Results showed that single beam penumbra width using optimal design of filters was decreased by 59.49%, 42.50%, 39.02% and 34.44% with attenuation of 30.53%, 13.67%, 11.43% and 9.82% for 4, 8, 14 and 18 mm field sizes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The designed filters lead to considerable reductions in single beams penumbra width as well as a noticeable reduction in maximum dose emerged near the beam edge due to the curved lateral surface of filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Tahereh Hadisinia
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Milad Najafzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Mahmoudi A, Geraily G, Shirazi A, Hadisi nia T. Penumbra reduction technique and factors affecting it in radiotherapy machines – Review study. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fagerstrom JM, DeWerd LA, Palmer B, Culberson WS. Prototype modulated orthovoltage stereotactic radiosurgery cones. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Penumbra width determination of single beam and 201 beams of Gamma Knife machine model 4C using Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396918000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundOne of the stereotactic radiosurgery techniques is Gamma Knife radiosurgery, in which intracranial lesions that are inaccessible or inappropriate for surgery are treated using 201 cobalt-60 sources in one treatment session. In this conformal technique, the penumbra width, which results in out-of-field dose in tumour-adjacent normal tissues should be determined accurately. The aim of this study is to calculate the penumbra widths of single and 201 beams for different collimator sizes of Gamma Knife machine model 4C using EGSnrc/BEAMnrc Monte Carlo simulation code and comparison the results with EBT3 film dosimetry data.Methods and materialsIn this study, simulation of Gamma Knife machine model 4C was performed based on the Monte Carlo codes of EGSnrc/BEAMnrc. To investigate the physical penumbra width (80−20%), the single beam and 201 beams profiles were obtained using EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc code and EBT3 films located at isocentre point in a spherical Plexiglas head phantom.ResultsBased on the results, the single beam penumbra widths obtained from simulation data for 4, 8, 14 and 18 mm collimator sizes alongXaxis were 0·75, 0·77, 0·90 and 0·92 mm, respectively. The data for 201 beams obtained from simulation were 2·61, 4·80, 7·92 and 9·81 mm alongXaxis and 1·31, 1·60, 1·91 and 2·14 mm alongZaxis and from film dosimetry were 3·21, 4·90, 8·00 and 10·61 mm alongXaxis and 1·22, 1·69, 2·01 and 2·25 mm alongZaxis, respectively.ConclusionThe differences between measured and simulated penumbra widths are in an acceptable range. However, for more precise measurement in the penumbra region in which dose gradient is high, Monte Carlo simulation is recommended.
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Fagerstrom JM, Bender ET, Lawless MJ, Culberson WS. Design of a modulated orthovoltage stereotactic radiosurgery system. Med Phys 2017; 44:3776-3787. [PMID: 28498612 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) dose distributions with sharp gradients using orthovoltage energy fluence modulation with inverse planning optimization techniques. METHODS A pencil beam model was used to calculate dose distributions from an orthovoltage unit at 250 kVp. Kernels for the model were derived using Monte Carlo methods. A Genetic Algorithm search heuristic was used to optimize the spatial distribution of added tungsten filtration to achieve dose distributions with sharp dose gradients. Optimizations were performed for depths of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 cm, with cone sizes of 5, 6, 8, and 10 mm. In addition to the beam profiles, 4π isocentric irradiation geometries were modeled to examine dose at 0.07 mm depth, a representative skin depth, for the low energy beams. Profiles from 4π irradiations of a constant target volume, assuming maximally conformal coverage, were compared. Finally, dose deposition in bone compared to tissue in this energy range was examined. RESULTS Based on the results of the optimization, circularly symmetric tungsten filters were designed to modulate the orthovoltage beam across the apertures of SRS cone collimators. For each depth and cone size combination examined, the beam flatness and 80-20% and 90-10% penumbrae were calculated for both standard, open cone-collimated beams as well as for optimized, filtered beams. For all configurations tested, the modulated beam profiles had decreased penumbra widths and flatness statistics at depth. Profiles for the optimized, filtered orthovoltage beams also offered decreases in these metrics compared to measured linear accelerator cone-based SRS profiles. The dose at 0.07 mm depth in the 4π isocentric irradiation geometries was higher for the modulated beams compared to unmodulated beams; however, the modulated dose at 0.07 mm depth remained <0.025% of the central, maximum dose. The 4π profiles irradiating a constant target volume showed improved statistics for the modulated, filtered distribution compared to the standard, open cone-collimated distribution. Simulations of tissue and bone confirmed previously published results that a higher energy beam (≥ 200 keV) would be preferable, but the 250 kVp beam was chosen for this work because it is available for future measurements. CONCLUSIONS A methodology has been described that may be used to optimize the spatial distribution of added filtration material in an orthovoltage SRS beam to result in dose distributions with decreased flatness and penumbra statistics compared to standard open cones. This work provides the mathematical foundation for a novel, orthovoltage energy fluence-modulated SRS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Fagerstrom
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Michael J Lawless
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wesley S Culberson
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Taich ZJ, Goetsch SJ, Monaco E, Carter BS, Ott K, Alksne JF, Chen CC. Stereotactic Radiosurgery Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Clinical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:604-612.e11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fagerstrom JM, Bender ET, Culberson WS. Technical Note: Dose gradients and prescription isodose in orthovoltage stereotactic radiosurgery. Med Phys 2016; 43:2072. [PMID: 27147319 DOI: 10.1118/1.4944782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to examine the trade-off between prescription isodose and dose gradients in orthovoltage stereotactic radiosurgery. METHODS Point energy deposition kernels (EDKs) describing photon and electron transport were calculated using Monte Carlo methods. EDKs were generated from 10 to 250 keV, in 10 keV increments. The EDKs were converted to pencil beam kernels and used to calculate dose profiles through isocenter from a 4π isotropic delivery from all angles of circularly collimated beams. Monoenergetic beams and an orthovoltage polyenergetic spectrum were analyzed. The dose gradient index (DGI) is the ratio of the 50% prescription isodose volume to the 100% prescription isodose volume and represents a metric by which dose gradients in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may be evaluated. RESULTS Using the 4π dose profiles calculated using pencil beam kernels, the relationship between DGI and prescription isodose was examined for circular cones ranging from 4 to 18 mm in diameter and monoenergetic photon beams with energies ranging from 20 to 250 keV. Values were found to exist for prescription isodose that optimize DGI. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between DGI and prescription isodose was found to be dependent on both field size and energy. Examining this trade-off is an important consideration for designing optimal SRS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Fagerstrom
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Edward T Bender
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Wesley S Culberson
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Energy Modulated Photon Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Feasibility Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7319843. [PMID: 26977413 PMCID: PMC4763028 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7319843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel treatment modality termed energy modulated photon radiotherapy (EMXRT) was investigated. The first step of EMXRT was to determine beam energy for each gantry angle/anatomy configuration from a pool of photon energy beams (2 to 10 MV) with a newly developed energy selector. An inverse planning system using gradient search algorithm was then employed to optimize photon beam intensity of various beam energies based on presimulated Monte Carlo pencil beam dose distributions in patient anatomy. Finally, 3D dose distributions in six patients of different tumor sites were simulated with Monte Carlo method and compared between EMXRT plans and clinical IMRT plans. Compared to current IMRT technique, the proposed EMXRT method could offer a better paradigm for the radiotherapy of lung cancers and pediatric brain tumors in terms of normal tissue sparing and integral dose. For prostate, head and neck, spine, and thyroid lesions, the EMXRT plans were generally comparable to the IMRT plans. Our feasibility study indicated that lower energy (<6 MV) photon beams could be considered in modern radiotherapy treatment planning to achieve a more personalized care for individual patient with dosimetric gains.
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Ahmad M, Ming X, Zhou L, Deng J. Intermediate Megavoltage Photon Beams for Improved Lung Cancer Treatments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145117. [PMID: 26672752 PMCID: PMC4682946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of intermediate megavoltage (3-MV) photon beams on SBRT lung cancer treatments. To start with, a 3-MV virtual beam was commissioned on a commercial treatment planning system based on Monte Carlo simulations. Three optimized plans (6-MV, 3-MV and dual energy of 3- and 6-MV) were generated for 31 lung cancer patients with identical beam configuration and optimization constraints for each patient. Dosimetric metrics were evaluated and compared among the three plans. Overall, planned dose conformity was comparable among three plans for all 31 patients. For 21 thin patients with average short effective path length (< 10 cm), the 3-MV plans showed better target coverage and homogeneity with dose spillage index R50% = 4.68±0.83 and homogeneity index = 1.26±0.06, as compared to 4.95±1.01 and 1.31±0.08 in the 6-MV plans (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, the average/maximum reductions of lung volumes receiving 20 Gy (V20Gy), 5 Gy (V5Gy), and mean lung dose (MLD) were 7%/20%, 9%/30% and 5%/10%, respectively in the 3-MV plans (p < 0.05). The doses to 5% volumes of the cord, esophagus, trachea and heart were reduced by 9.0%, 10.6%, 11.4% and 7.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). For 10 thick patients, dual energy plans can bring dosimetric benefits with comparable target coverage, integral dose and reduced dose to the critical structures, as compared to the 6-MV plans. In conclusion, our study indicated that 3-MV photon beams have potential dosimetric benefits in treating lung tumors in terms of improved tumor coverage and reduced doses to the adjacent critical structures, in comparison to 6-MV photon beams. Intermediate megavoltage photon beams (< 6-MV) may be considered and added into current treatment approaches to reduce the adjacent normal tissue doses while maintaining sufficient tumor dose coverage in lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yuanming Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William W. Backus Hospital, Norwich, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Radiation Physics and Technology, West China Hospital Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Improvement of the penumbra for small radiosurgical fields using flattening filter free low megavoltage beams. Z Med Phys 2013; 23:291-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pignol JP, Keller BM, Ravi A. Doses to internal organs for various breast radiation techniques--implications on the risk of secondary cancers and cardiomyopathy. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:5. [PMID: 21235766 PMCID: PMC3027128 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancers are more frequently diagnosed at an early stage and currently have improved long term outcomes. Late normal tissue complications induced by adjuvant radiotherapy like secondary cancers or cardiomyopathy must now be avoided at all cost. Several new breast radiotherapy techniques have been developed and this work aims at comparing the scatter doses of internal organs for those techniques. Methods A CT-scan of a typical early stage left breast cancer patient was used to describe a realistic anthropomorphic phantom in the MCNP Monte Carlo code. Dose tally detectors were placed in breasts, the heart, the ipsilateral lung, and the spleen. Five irradiation techniques were simulated: whole breast radiotherapy 50 Gy in 25 fractions using physical wedge or breast IMRT, 3D-CRT partial breast radiotherapy 38.5 Gy in 10 fractions, HDR brachytherapy delivering 34 Gy in 10 treatments, or Permanent Breast 103Pd Seed Implant delivering 90 Gy. Results For external beam radiotherapy the wedge compensation technique yielded the largest doses to internal organs like the spleen or the heart, respectively 2,300 mSv and 2.7 Gy. Smaller scatter dose are induced using breast IMRT, respectively 810 mSv and 1.1 Gy, or 3D-CRT partial breast irradiation, respectively 130 mSv and 0.7 Gy. Dose to the lung is also smaller for IMRT and 3D-CRT compared to the wedge technique. For multicatheter HDR brachytherapy a large dose is delivered to the heart, 3.6 Gy, the spleen receives 1,171 mSv and the lung receives 2,471 mSv. These values are 44% higher in case of a balloon catheter. In contrast, breast seeds implant is associated with low dose to most internal organs. Conclusions The present data support the use of breast IMRT or virtual wedge technique instead of physical wedges for whole breast radiotherapy. Regarding partial breast irradiation techniques, low energy source brachytherapy and external beam 3D-CRT appear safer than 192Ir HDR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pignol
- Radiation Oncology Department, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Djouguela A, Harder D, Kollhoff R, Foschepoth S, Kunth W, Rühmann A, Willborn K, Poppe B. Fourier deconvolution reveals the role of the Lorentz function as the convolution kernel of narrow photon beams. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:2807-27. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/9/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Keller BM, Pignol JP, Presutti J, Beachey DJ. Intermediate energy photons (1MV) to improve dose gradient, conformality, and homogeneity: Potential benefits for small field intracranial radiosurgery. Med Phys 2008; 36:33-9. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3026588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Keller BM, Peressotti C, Pignol JP. Optical imaging analysis of microscopic radiation dose gradients in Gafchromic EBT film using a digital microscope. Med Phys 2008; 35:3740-7. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2953565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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