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Zambonino MC, Quizhpe EM, Mouheb L, Rahman A, Agathos SN, Dahoumane SA. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Sciences: Properties, Current Trends, Novel Opportunities and Emerging Challenges in Theranostic Nanomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 36770385 PMCID: PMC9921003 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important dietary supplement and an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins with growth-modulating properties and cytotoxic mechanisms of action. However, different compounds of selenium usually possess a narrow nutritional or therapeutic window with a low degree of absorption and delicate safety margins, depending on the dose and the chemical form in which they are provided to the organism. Hence, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic platform with decreased toxicity and the capacity to enhance the biological properties of Se-based compounds. Consistent with the exciting possibilities offered by nanotechnology in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, SeNPs are useful tools in current biomedical research with exceptional benefits as potential therapeutics, with enhanced bioavailability, improved targeting, and effectiveness against oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated disorders. In view of the need for developing eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple, and high-throughput biomedical agents that can also ally with theranostic purposes and exhibit negligible side effects, biogenic SeNPs are receiving special attention. The present manuscript aims to be a reference in its kind by providing the readership with a thorough and comprehensive review that emphasizes the current, yet expanding, possibilities offered by biogenic SeNPs in the biomedical field and the promise they hold among selenium-derived products to, eventually, elicit future developments. First, the present review recalls the physiological importance of selenium as an oligo-element and introduces the unique biological, physicochemical, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties of Se nanomaterials. Then, it addresses the significance of nanosizing on pharmacological activity (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) and cellular interactions of SeNPs. Importantly, it discusses in detail the role of biosynthesized SeNPs as innovative theranostic agents for personalized nanomedicine-based therapies. Finally, this review explores the role of biogenic SeNPs in the ongoing context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and presents key prospects in translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Zambonino
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Lynda Mouheb
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Chimie Appliquée et de Génie Chimique, Hasnaoua I, Université Mouloud Mammeri, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, 211 Redbird Ln., Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18, Ave Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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Nayak V, Singh KRB, Singh AK, Singh RP. Potentialities of selenium nanoparticles in biomedical science. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have revolutionized biomedical domain and are still developing rapidly. Hence, this perspective elaborates SeNPs properties, synthesis, and biomedical applications, together with their potential for management of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
| | - Kshitij RB Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College
- Durg
- India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous College
- Durg
- India
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak
- India
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Arnab SM, Kabir MZ. A Novel Amorphous Selenium Avalanche Detector Structure for Low Dose Medical X-Ray Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2937678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Stavro J, Goldan AH, Zhao W. Photon counting performance of amorphous selenium and its dependence on detector structure. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2018; 5:043502. [PMID: 30840737 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.5.4.043502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon counting detectors (PCD) have the potential to improve x-ray imaging; however, they are still hindered by high costs and performance limitations. By using amorphous selenium (a-Se), the cost of PCDs can be significantly reduced compared with modern crystalline semiconductors, and enable large-area deposition. We are developing a direct conversion field-shaping multiwell avalanche detector (SWAD) to overcome the limitation of low carrier mobility and low charge conversion gain in a-Se. SWAD's dual-grid design creates separate nonavalanche interaction (bulk) and avalanche sensing (well) regions, achieving depth-independent avalanche gain. Unipolar time differential (UTD) charge sensing, combined with tunable avalanche gain in the well region allows for fast response and high charge gain. We developed a probability-based numerical simulation to investigate the impact of UTD charge sensing and avalanche gain on the photon counting performance of different a-Se detector configurations. Pulse height spectra (PHS) for 59.5 and 30 keV photons were simulated. We observed excellent agreement between our model and previously published PHS measurements for a planar detector. The energy resolution significantly improved from 33 keV for the planar detector to ∼ 7 keV for SWAD. SWAD was found to have a linear response approaching 200 kcps / pixel .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Stavro
- Stony Brook University, Department of Radiology, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Amir H Goldan
- Stony Brook University, Department of Radiology, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Stony Brook University, Department of Radiology, Stony Brook, New York, United States
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Arnab SM, Kabir MZ. Impact of Lubberts Effect on Amorphous Selenium Indirect Conversion Avalanche Detector for Medical X-Ray Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2017.2692752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jain A, Bednarek DR, Rudin S. Evaluation of the microangiographic fluoroscope (MAF) using generalized system performance metrics. Med Phys 2013; 40:031915. [PMID: 23464330 DOI: 10.1118/1.4792460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The performance of a newly developed, high resolution, microangiographic fluoroscope (MAF) (35 μm pixel pitch and 300 μm thick CsI phosphor) was evaluated using a generalized linear system analysis and compared with that of a standard amorphous Si thin film transistor flat panel detector (FPD) (194 μm pixel pitch and 600 μm thick CsI phosphor). The linear system metrics such as modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum, and detection quantum efficiency (DQE) are commonly used to gauge the intrinsic detector performance in the detector plane. However, these linear system metrics do not provide information about the image receptor performance in a real system since they do not include the effects of other parameters such as focal spot distribution, scatter radiation, and geometric unsharpness, which may compromise detector performance characteristics. Use of generalized linear system metrics [generalized modulation transfer function (GMTF), generalized normalized noise power spectrum (GNNPS), and generalized detection quantum efficiency (GDQE)] that include these effects gives a more meaningful, complete, and appropriate evaluation of detector performance as part of the imaging system. METHODS A uniform head equivalent phantom was used to simulate realistic clinical parameters and x-ray spectra. The detector MTFs were measured using the slanted edge method and the focal spot MTFs were measured using a pinhole assembly. The scatter MTF was simulated and the scatter fraction was measured for a head-equivalent phantom. The generalized system metrics were calculated for different combinations of three choices of focal spots and three different magnifications with two different air-gaps. The performance of the MAF was also illustrated using stent images obtained with different focal spots under similar conditions. RESULTS Results for the generalized metrics provide a quantitative description of the performance of the imaging system for both detectors. This generalized analysis demonstrated that both detectors have similar imaging capabilities at lower spatial frequencies, but that the MAF has superior performance over the FPD at higher frequencies even when considering focal spot blurring and scatter. CONCLUSIONS This generalized performance analysis demonstrates the significance of focal spot size, magnification, and scatter on the system performance metrics (GMTF, GNNPS, and GDQE). Although the ideal detector performance characteristics of the MAF are not fully realized due to these other system factors, it still retains an advantage in DQE at high spatial frequencies over the FPD. Similar studies based on the generalized linear system metrics can serve as an efficient tool to evaluate total system capabilities under different realistic conditions to enable optimal design for specific imaging tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jain
- Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
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Goldan AH, Zhao W. A field-shaping multi-well avalanche detector for direct conversion amorphous selenium. Med Phys 2013; 40:010702. [PMID: 23298070 DOI: 10.1118/1.4769110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A practical detector structure is proposed to achieve stable avalanche multiplication gain in direct-conversion amorphous selenium radiation detectors. METHODS The detector structure is referred to as a field-shaping multi-well avalanche detector. Stable avalanche multiplication gain is achieved by eliminating field hot spots using high-density avalanche wells with insulated walls and field-shaping inside each well. RESULTS The authors demonstrate the impact of high-density insulated wells and field-shaping to eliminate the formation of both field hot spots in the avalanche region and high fields at the metal-semiconductor interface. Results show a semi-Gaussian field distribution inside each well using the field-shaping electrodes, and the electric field at the metal-semiconductor interface can be one order-of-magnitude lower than the peak value where avalanche occurs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first attempt to design a practical direct-conversion amorphous selenium detector with avalanche gain.
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Woo T, Kim T. Light collection enhancement of the digital x-ray detector using Gd2O2S:Tb and CsI:Tl phosphors in the aspect of nano-scale light dispersions. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jain A, Bednarek DR, Ionita C, Rudin S. A theoretical and experimental evaluation of the microangiographic fluoroscope: A high-resolution region-of-interest x-ray imager. Med Phys 2011; 38:4112-26. [PMID: 21859012 DOI: 10.1118/1.3599751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing need for better image quality and high spatial resolution for successful endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGIs) and the inherent limitations of the state-of-the-art detectors provide motivation to develop a detector system tailored to the specific, demanding requirements of neurointerventional applications. METHOD A microangiographic fluoroscope (MAF) was developed to serve as a high-resolution, region-of-interest (ROI) x-ray imaging detector in conjunction with large lower-resolution full field-of-view (FOV) state-of-the-art x-ray detectors. The newly developed MAF is an indirect x-ray imaging detector capable of providing real-time images (30 frames per second) with high-resolution, high sensitivity, no lag and low instrumentation noise. It consists of a CCD camera coupled to a Gen 2 dual-stage microchannel plate light image intensifier (LII) through a fiber-optic taper. A 300 microm thick CsI(T1) phosphor serving as the front end is coupled to the LII. The LII is the key component of the MAF and the large variable gain provided by it enables the MAF to operate as a quantum-noise-limited detector for both fluoroscopy and angiography. RESULTS The linear cascade model was used to predict the theoretical performance of the MAF, and the theoretical prediction showed close agreement with experimental findings. Linear system metrics such as MTF and DQE were used to gauge the detector performance up to 10 cycles/mm. The measured zero frequency DQE(0) was 0.55 for an RQA5 spectrum. A total of 21 stages were identified for the whole imaging chain and each stage was characterized individually. CONCLUSIONS The linear cascade model analysis provides insight into the imaging chain and may be useful for further development of the MAF detector. The preclinical testing of the prototype detector in animal procedures is showing encouraging results and points to the potential for significant impact on EIGIs when used in conjunction with a state-of-art flat panel detector (FPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jain
- Toshiba Stroke Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
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Kasap S, Frey JB, Belev G, Tousignant O, Mani H, Greenspan J, Laperriere L, Bubon O, Reznik A, DeCrescenzo G, Karim KS, Rowlands JA. Amorphous and polycrystalline photoconductors for direct conversion flat panel x-ray image sensors. SENSORS 2011; 11:5112-57. [PMID: 22163893 PMCID: PMC3231396 DOI: 10.3390/s110505112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last ten to fifteen years there has been much research in using amorphous and polycrystalline semiconductors as x-ray photoconductors in various x-ray image sensor applications, most notably in flat panel x-ray imagers (FPXIs). We first outline the essential requirements for an ideal large area photoconductor for use in a FPXI, and discuss how some of the current amorphous and polycrystalline semiconductors fulfill these requirements. At present, only stabilized amorphous selenium (doped and alloyed a-Se) has been commercialized, and FPXIs based on a-Se are particularly suitable for mammography, operating at the ideal limit of high detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Further, these FPXIs can also be used in real-time, and have already been used in such applications as tomosynthesis. We discuss some of the important attributes of amorphous and polycrystalline x-ray photoconductors such as their large area deposition ability, charge collection efficiency, x-ray sensitivity, DQE, modulation transfer function (MTF) and the importance of the dark current. We show the importance of charge trapping in limiting not only the sensitivity but also the resolution of these detectors. Limitations on the maximum acceptable dark current and the corresponding charge collection efficiency jointly impose a practical constraint that many photoconductors fail to satisfy. We discuss the case of a-Se in which the dark current was brought down by three orders of magnitude by the use of special blocking layers to satisfy the dark current constraint. There are also a number of polycrystalline photoconductors, HgI2 and PbO being good examples, that show potential for commercialization in the same way that multilayer stabilized a-Se x-ray photoconductors were developed for commercial applications. We highlight the unique nature of avalanche multiplication in a-Se and how it has led to the development of the commercial HARP video-tube. An all solid state version of the HARP has been recently demonstrated with excellent avalanche gains; the latter is expected to lead to a number of novel imaging device applications that would be quantum noise limited. While passive pixel sensors use one TFT (thin film transistor) as a switch at the pixel, active pixel sensors (APSs) have two or more transistors and provide gain at the pixel level. The advantages of APS based x-ray imagers are also discussed with examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Kasap
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; E-Mails: (J.B.F.); (G.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-5390; Fax: +1-306-966-5407
| | - Joel B. Frey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; E-Mails: (J.B.F.); (G.B.)
| | - George Belev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada; E-Mails: (J.B.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Olivier Tousignant
- Anrad Corporation, 4950 rue Lévy, Saint-Laurent, QC, H4R 2P1, Canada; E-Mails: (O.T.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Habib Mani
- Anrad Corporation, 4950 rue Lévy, Saint-Laurent, QC, H4R 2P1, Canada; E-Mails: (O.T.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Jonathan Greenspan
- Anrad Corporation, 4950 rue Lévy, Saint-Laurent, QC, H4R 2P1, Canada; E-Mails: (O.T.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Luc Laperriere
- Anrad Corporation, 4950 rue Lévy, Saint-Laurent, QC, H4R 2P1, Canada; E-Mails: (O.T.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Oleksandr Bubon
- Department of Physics, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada; E-Mails: (O.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alla Reznik
- Department of Physics, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada; E-Mails: (O.B.); (A.R.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada; E-Mails: (G.D.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Giovanni DeCrescenzo
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada; E-Mails: (G.D.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Karim S. Karim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - John A. Rowlands
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada; E-Mails: (G.D.); (J.A.R.)
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
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Wronski MM, Zhao W, Reznik A, Tanioka K, DeCrescenzo G, Rowlands JA. A solid-state amorphous selenium avalanche technology for low photon flux imaging applications. Med Phys 2010; 37:4982-5. [PMID: 20964217 DOI: 10.1118/1.3483096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The feasibility of a practical solid-state technology for low photon flux imaging applications was investigated. The technology is based on an amorphous selenium photoreceptor with a voltage-controlled avalanche multiplication gain. If this photoreceptor can provide sufficient internal gain, it will be useful for an extensive range of diagnostic imaging systems. METHODS The avalanche photoreceptor under investigation is referred to as HARP-DRL. This is a novel concept in which a high-gain avalanche rushing photoconductor (HARP) is integrated with a distributed resistance layer (DRL) and sandwiched between two electrodes. The avalanche gain and leakage current characteristics of this photoreceptor were measured. RESULTS HARP-DRL has been found to sustain very high electric field strengths without electrical breakdown. It has shown avalanche multiplication gains as high as 10(4) and a very low leakage current (< or = 20 pA/mm2). CONCLUSIONS This is the first experimental demonstration of a solid-state amorphous photoreceptor which provides sufficient internal avalanche gain for photon counting and photon starved imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Wronski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
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