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Ou Hadda H, Zerfaoui M, Bahhous K, Aboulbanine Z, Didi S, Rrhioua A, Bakari D. Impact of the anode tilt on photon emission spectrum and temperature rise in an x-ray tube. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 9. [PMID: 36562508 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acab6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In radiology, the photon fluence and the energy spectrum generated from an x-ray tube may depend on the anode tilt angle. In this contribution, a Monte Carlo investigation is performed to quantify this effect by modeling an x-ray tube based on published data Bujila R.et al(2020Physica. Med.7544-54). The GATE simulation code is used for this purpose. The calculations have moreover confirmed this dependence; the tilt of the anode could be used to increase the photon fluence. The thermal analysis has shown that the hot spot size is dependent as well on the anode tilt angle. The thermal focus temperature (ΔT) decreases when the anode tilt angle increases. Finally, by moving the acquisition angle from 293°-337° to 248°-292° and changing the anode tilt angle from 8° to 28°, the photon fluence can be increased by 55%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ou Hadda
- Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Zerfaoui
- Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Karim Bahhous
- Équipe Sciences de la Matiére et du Rayonnement (ESMaR), Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Aboulbanine
- Équipe Sciences de la Matiére et du Rayonnement (ESMaR), Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Didi
- Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco.,Department of Physics, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohammed First, Morocco
| | - Abdeslem Rrhioua
- Laboratory of Physics of Radiation and Matter, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Dikra Bakari
- National School of Applied Sciences, University Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
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Siller M, Minkkinen M, Bogust P, Jelinek A, Schatte J, Bostrom N, Greenland K, Knabl W, Clemens H, Pippan R, Maier-Kiener V. Geometrical model for calculating the effect of surface morphology on total x-ray output of medical x-ray tubes. Med Phys 2021; 48:1546-1556. [PMID: 33296505 PMCID: PMC8248437 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Correlation of characteristic surface appearance and surface roughness with measured air kerma (kinetic energy released in air) reduction of tungsten‐rhenium (WRe) stationary anode surfaces. Methods A stationary anode test system was developed and used to alter nine initially ground sample surfaces through thermal cycling at high temperatures. A geometrical model based on high resolution surface data was implemented to correlate the measured reduction of the air kerma rate with the changing surface appearance of the samples. In addition to the nine thermally cycled samples, three samples received synthetic surface structuring to prove the applicability of the model to nonconventional surface alterations. Representative surface data and surface roughness values were acquired by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results After thermal cycling in the stationary anode test system, the samples showed surface features comparable to rotating anodes after long‐time operation. The established model enables the appearance of characteristic surface features like crack networks, pitting, and local melting to be linked to the local x‐ray output at 100 kV tube voltage ,10° anode take off angle and 2 mm of added Al filtration. The results from the conducted air kerma measurements were compared to the predicted total x‐ray output reduction from the geometrical model and show, on average, less than 10 % error within the 12 tested samples. In certain boundaries, the calculated surface roughness Ra showed a linear correlation with the measured air kerma reduction when samples were having comparable damaging characteristics and similar operation parameters. The orientation of the surface features had a strong impact on the measured air kerma rate which was shown by testing synthetically structured surfaces. Conclusions The geometrical model used herein considers and describes the effect of individual surface features on the x‐ray output. In close boundaries arithmetic surface roughness Ra was found to be a useful characteristic value on estimating the effect of surface damage on total x‐ray output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Siller
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, Leoben, 8700, Austria
| | - Mika Minkkinen
- Varex Imaging Corp, 1678 Pioneer Rd, Salt Lake City, UT, 84104, USA
| | - Pamela Bogust
- Varex Imaging Corp, 1678 Pioneer Rd, Salt Lake City, UT, 84104, USA
| | - Alexander Jelinek
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, Leoben, 8700, Austria
| | - Jürgen Schatte
- Plansee SE, Metallwerk-Plansee-Straße 71, Reutte, 6600, Austria
| | - Neil Bostrom
- Varex Imaging Corp, 1678 Pioneer Rd, Salt Lake City, UT, 84104, USA
| | - Kasey Greenland
- Varex Imaging Corp, 1678 Pioneer Rd, Salt Lake City, UT, 84104, USA
| | - Wolfram Knabl
- Plansee SE, Metallwerk-Plansee-Straße 71, Reutte, 6600, Austria
| | - Helmut Clemens
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, Leoben, 8700, Austria
| | - Reinhard Pippan
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, Leoben, 8700, Austria
| | - Verena Maier-Kiener
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, Leoben, 8700, Austria
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Santoro-Fernandes V, Santos JC, Mariano L, Vanin VR, Costa PR. Uncertainty estimation and statistical comparative methodology for mammography x-ray energy spectra. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:035018. [PMID: 33438663 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab817d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerical models are an alternative to measurements of x-ray energy spectra when validated by comparative methods that assess the similarity of experimental and calculated spectra. In this work, we compared x-ray energy spectra using several methodologies and determined the methodology with highest statistical power among them. Experiments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to generate a set of 65 experimental and simulated x-ray mammography spectra pairs typically used in mammography applications. They were generated using Tungsten and Molybdenum targets and Molybdenum and Rhodium filters. The x-ray beams were transmitted through breast tissue equivalent material (bTEM) plates with different glandularities and thicknesses, and the transmitted beam was detected using solid-state x-ray spectrometry with a Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) diode. The MC simulations used the PENELOPE code. Additional uncertainties, beyond that from counting, were propagated using the MC method. Quantitative comparative methods based on the [Formula: see text] statistics, the first and second half-value layers, the mean energy, the effective energy, and the non-parametric u-test were applied and their specificity (true negative rate) was assessed. The polyenergetic normalized glandular dose (DgNp) to a 6 cm breast of 50/50 glandularity was derived from the spectra. In this work, the [Formula: see text] statistics attained the highest score; therefore, it is the most indicated metric for the x-ray energy spectra comparative evaluations. The contribution of the additional uncertainties was important, being responsible for up to 98% of the spectra total uncertainty and shifting the mean of the evaluated [Formula: see text] to 1.2(1), compatible with its expected value. The use of non-parametric test is discouraged by our results, since it failed to distinguish spectra pairs that resulted in up to 72% discrepant DgNp.
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van der Heyden B, Fonseca GP, Podesta M, Messner I, Reisz N, Vaniqui A, Deutschmann H, Steininger P, Verhaegen F. Modelling of the focal spot intensity distribution and the off-focal spot radiation in kilovoltage x-ray tubes for imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:025002. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ognard J, Deloire L, Saccardy C, Burdin V, Ben Salem D. Automated contour detection in spine radiographs and computed tomography reconstructions for forensic comparative identification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 16:99-106. [PMID: 31768873 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-019-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test an automated method to identify unknown individuals. It relies on a previous radiographic file and uses an edge-based comparison of lumbar CT/PMCT reconstructions and radiographs. The living group was composed of 15 clinical lumbar spine CT scans and 15 paired radiographs belonging to the same patients. The deceased group consisted of 5 lumbar spine PMCT scans and 5 paired antemortem radiographs of deceased individuals plus the 15 unpaired radiographs belonging to the living. An automated method using image filtering (anisotropic diffusion) and edge detection (Canny filter) provided image contours. Cross comparisons of all the exams in each group were performed using similarity measurements under the affine registration hypothesis. The Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance values were significantly linked (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively) to the matched examinations in the living group (p < 0.001; pseudo-R2 = 0.70). 12 of the 15 examinations were correctly paired, 2 were wrongly paired and 3 were not paired when they must have been. In the deceased group, the Hausdorff distance was significantly linked (p = 0.018) to the matched examinations (p < 0.001; pseudo-R2 = 0.62; Dice coefficient p = 0.138). The paired examinations were all correctly found, but one was wrongly paired. The negative predictive value was above 98% for both groups. We highlighted the feasibility of comparative radiological identification using automated edge detection in cross-modality (CT/PMCT scan and radiographs) examinations. This method could be of significant help to a radiologist or coroner in identifying unknown cadavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ognard
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Brest, Bd. Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France. .,Laboratory of Medical Information Processing -LaTIM INSERM UMR 1101, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, CS 93837 - 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France.
| | - Lucile Deloire
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Brest, Bd. Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France.,Laboratory of Medical Information Processing -LaTIM INSERM UMR 1101, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, CS 93837 - 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Claire Saccardy
- Forensic Imaging Unit, University Hospital of Brest, Bd. Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France
| | - Valerie Burdin
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing -LaTIM INSERM UMR 1101, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, CS 93837 - 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France.,Institut Mines Telecom Atlantique, CS 83818, 655, avenue du Technopole, 29200, Plouzané, France
| | - Douraied Ben Salem
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Brest, Bd. Tanguy Prigent, 29609, Brest Cedex, France.,Laboratory of Medical Information Processing -LaTIM INSERM UMR 1101, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, CS 93837 - 29238, Brest Cedex 3, France.,Institut Mines Telecom Atlantique, CS 83818, 655, avenue du Technopole, 29200, Plouzané, France
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Liaparinos PF. Examining phosphor material properties for imaging purposes: the role of the complex refractive index in the optical diffusion performance. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/3/1/015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bontempi M, Andreani L, Labanti C, Costa PR, Rossi PL, Baldazzi G. Semi-empirical model for fluorescence lines evaluation in diagnostic x-ray beams. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 107:152-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mesbahi A, Zakariaee SS. Effect of anode angle on photon beam spectra and depth dose characteristics for X-RAD320 orthovoltage unit. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013; 18:148-52. [PMID: 24416546 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In radiation therapy with orthovoltage units, the tube design has a crucial effect on its dosimetric features. AIM In this study, the effect of anode angle on photon beam spectra, depth dose and photon fluence per initial electron was studied for a commercial orthovoltage unit of X-RAD320 biological irradiator. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MCNPX MC code was used for modeling in the current study. We used the Monte Carlo method to model the X-RAD320 X-ray unit based on the manufacturer provided information. The MC model was validated by comparing the MC calculated photon beam spectra with the results of SpekCalc software. The photon beam spectra were calculated for anode angles from 15 to 35 degrees. We also calculated the percentage depth doses for some angles to verify the impact of anode angle on depth dose. Additionally, the heel effect and its relation with anode angle were studied for X-RAD320 irradiator. RESULTS Our results showed that the photon beam spectra and their mean energy are changed significantly with anode angle and the optimum anode angle of 30 degrees was selected based on less heel effect and appropriate depth dose and photon fluence per initial electron. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the anode angle of 30 degrees for X-RAD320 unit used by manufacturer has been selected properly considering the heel effect and dosimetric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Mesbahi
- Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Radiation Oncology Department, Imam Hospital, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed-Salman Zakariaee
- Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bontempi M, Bettuzzi M, Visani A. Semiempirical simulation of x-ray detectors for imaging applications. Med Phys 2012; 39:7677-85. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4767768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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