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Safigholi H, Chamberland MJP, Taylor REP, Allen CH, Martinov MP, Rogers DWO, Thomson RM. Update of the CLRP TG‐43 parameter database for low‐energy brachytherapy sources. Med Phys 2020; 47:4656-4669. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Safigholi
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Marc J. P. Chamberland
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Randle E. P. Taylor
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Christian H. Allen
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Martin P. Martinov
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - D. W. O. Rogers
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Rowan M. Thomson
- Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Department of Physics Carleton University Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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A Monte Carlo study on the radio-sensitization effect of gold nanoparticles in brachytherapy of prostate by 103Pd seeds. POLISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
103Pd seed is being used for prostate brachytherapy. Additionally, the dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles (GNP) has been reported in previous studies. The aim of this study was to characterize the dosimetric effect of gold nanoparticles in brachytherapy with a 103Pd source. Two brachytherapy seeds including 103 Pd source was simulated using MCNPX Monte Carlo code. The seeds’ models were validated by comparing the MC with reported results. Then, GNPs (10 nm in diameter) with a concentration of 7mg Au/g were simulated uniformly inside the prostate of a humanoid computational phantom. Additionally, the dose enhancement factor (DEF) of nanoparticles was calculated for both modeled brachytherapy seeds. A good agreement was found between the MC calculated and the reported dosimetric parameters. For both seeds, an average DEF of 23% was obtained in tumor volume for prostate brachytherapy. The application of GNPs in conjunction with 103Pd seed in brachytherapy can enhance the delivered dose to the tumor and consequently leads to better treatment outcome.
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Rivard MJ, Ballester F, Butler WM, DeWerd LA, Ibbott GS, Meigooni AS, Melhus CS, Mitch MG, Nath R, Papagiannis P. Supplement 2 for the 2004 update of the AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report: Joint recommendations by the AAPM and GEC-ESTRO. Med Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Rivard
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Facundo Ballester
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Radiofísica e Instrumentación Nuclear en Medicina (IRIMED); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS-La Fe)-Universitat de Valéncia; Bujassot 46100 Spain
| | - Wayne M. Butler
- Schiffler Cancer Center; Wheeling Hospital; Wheeling WV 26003 USA
| | - Larry A. DeWerd
- Accredited Dosimetry and Calibration Laboratory; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Ibbott
- Department of Radiation Physics; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Ali S. Meigooni
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada; Las Vegas NV 89169 USA
| | - Christopher S. Melhus
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Michael G. Mitch
- Radiation Physics Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
| | - Ravinder Nath
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT 06510 USA
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Stock R, Beyer D, Kaminetsky J, Ge W. Performance of a palladium-103 line source for prostate brachytherapy implants: A Phase I trial. Brachytherapy 2017; 16:1007-1012. [PMID: 28757403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of a polymer-encapsulated palladium-103 (103 Pd) source with a unique linear radioactive distribution in prostate brachytherapy. This feasibility study assessed dosimetry, ease and efficiency of use, and side effects. The number of needles required for adequate coverage was the primary end point. METHODS AND MATERIALS CivaString 103 Pd Model CS10 implants were preplanned for 25 patients. CivaStrings were custom manufactured according to plan. CivaStrings were implanted with 18 gauge needles. Post-implant dosimetry was performed at 3-6 weeks. RESULTS Monotherapy (125 Gy) was prescribed for 11 implants. External beam radiation with CivaString boost (100 Gy) was prescribed for 14 implants. The mean time to implant the sources was 23.5 min. The number of planned needles and prostate sizes ranged from 14 to 25 and 21-101 cm3, respectively. 70% of implants in prostates less than 50 cm3 required ≤17 needles. Planned source strength ranged from 2.8 U/cm to 3.9 U/cm. Total source strength averaged 216 U (130-323 U) for monotherapy and 154 U (92.4-245 U) for boost. Nomograms were generated at both prescription dose levels. CONCLUSIONS The linear 103Pd source provides good dose coverage to the prostate. Prostate volume changes were minimal suggesting minimal swelling using the CivaString device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stock
- Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY.
| | - David Beyer
- Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centers of Northern Arizona Healthcare, Sedona, AZ
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Nath R, Rivard MJ, DeWerd LA, Dezarn WA, Thompson Heaton H, Ibbott GS, Meigooni AS, Ouhib Z, Rusch TW, Siebert FA, Venselaar JLM. Guidelines by the AAPM and GEC-ESTRO on the use of innovative brachytherapy devices and applications: Report of Task Group 167. Med Phys 2017; 43:3178-3205. [PMID: 27277063 DOI: 10.1118/1.4951734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a multicenter, Phase III, prospective, randomized trial is the gold standard for evidence-based medicine, it is rarely used in the evaluation of innovative devices because of many practical and ethical reasons. It is usually sufficient to compare the dose distributions and dose rates for determining the equivalence of the innovative treatment modality to an existing one. Thus, quantitative evaluation of the dosimetric characteristics of innovative radiotherapy devices or applications is a critical part in which physicists should be actively involved. The physicist's role, along with physician colleagues, in this process is highlighted for innovative brachytherapy devices and applications and includes evaluation of (1) dosimetric considerations for clinical implementation (including calibrations, dose calculations, and radiobiological aspects) to comply with existing societal dosimetric prerequisites for sources in routine clinical use, (2) risks and benefits from a regulatory and safety perspective, and (3) resource assessment and preparedness. Further, it is suggested that any developed calibration methods be traceable to a primary standards dosimetry laboratory (PSDL) such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the U.S. or to other PSDLs located elsewhere such as in Europe. Clinical users should follow standards as approved by their country's regulatory agencies that approved such a brachytherapy device. Integration of this system into the medical source calibration infrastructure of secondary standard dosimetry laboratories such as the Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratories in the U.S. is encouraged before a source is introduced into widespread routine clinical use. The American Association of Physicists in Medicine and the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) have developed guidelines for the safe and consistent application of brachytherapy using innovative devices and applications. The current report covers regulatory approvals, calibration, dose calculations, radiobiological issues, and overall safety concerns that should be addressed during the commissioning stage preceding clinical use. These guidelines are based on review of requirements of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Department of Transportation, International Electrotechnical Commission Medical Electrical Equipment Standard 60601, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Commission for CE Marking (Conformité Européenne), and institutional review boards and radiation safety committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nath
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Mark J Rivard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Larry A DeWerd
- Accredited Dosimetry and Calibration Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - William A Dezarn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | - Geoffrey S Ibbott
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ali S Meigooni
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89169
| | - Zoubir Ouhib
- Radiation Oncology, Lynn Regional Cancer Center, Delray Beach, Florida 33484
| | - Thomas W Rusch
- Xoft, Inc., A Subsidiary of iCAD, Inc., San Jose, California 95134
| | - Frank-André Siebert
- Clinic of Radiotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Jack L M Venselaar
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Instituut Verbeeten, Tilburg LA 5000, The Netherlands
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Rivard MJ. A directional 103Pd brachytherapy device: Dosimetric characterization and practical aspects for clinical use. Brachytherapy 2016; 16:421-432. [PMID: 28039011 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A brachytherapy (BT) device has been developed with shielding to provide directional BT for preferentially irradiating malignancies while sparing healthy tissues. The CivaSheet is a flexible low-dose-rate BT device containing CivaDots with 103Pd shielded by a thin Au disk. This is the first report of a clinical dosimetric characterization of the CivaSheet device. METHODS AND MATERIALS Radiation dose distributions near a CivaDot were estimated using the MCNP6 radiation transport code. CivaSheet arrays were also modeled to evaluate the dose superposition principle for treatment planning. The resultant data were commissioned in a treatment planning system (TPS) (VariSeed 9.0), and the accuracy of the dose superposition principle was evaluated for summing individual elements comprising a planar CivaSheet. RESULTS The dose-rate constant (0.579 cGy/h/U) was lower than for 103Pd seeds due to Au L-shell x-rays increasing the air-kerma strength. Radial dose function values at 0.1, 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 cm were 1.884, 1.344, 0.558, 0.088, and 0.0046, respectively. The two-dimensional anisotropy function exhibited dramatic reduction between the forward (0°) and rearward (180°) directions by a factor of 276 at r = 0.1 cm, 24 at r = 1 cm, and 5.3 at r = 10 cm. This effect diminished due to increasingly scattered radiation. The largest gradient in the two-dimensional anisotropy function was in contact with the device at 92° due to the Au disk shielding. TPS commissioning and dose superposition accuracies were typically within 2%. CONCLUSIONS Simulations of the CivaDot yielded comprehensive dosimetry parameters that were entered into a TPS and deemed acceptable for clinical use. Dosimetry measurements of the CivaSheet are also of interest to the BT community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Rivard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
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Physics: Low-Energy Brachytherapy Physics. Brachytherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26791-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rivard MJ, Reed JL, DeWerd LA. 103Pd strings: Monte Carlo assessment of a new approach to brachytherapy source design. Med Phys 2014; 41:011716. [PMID: 24387508 DOI: 10.1118/1.4856015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new type of (103)Pd source (CivaString and CivaThin by CivaTech Oncology, Inc.) is examined. The source contains (103)Pd and Au radio-opaque marker(s), all contained within low-Zeff organic polymers that permit source flexibility. The CivaString source is available in lengths L of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mm, and referred to in the current study as CS10-CS60, respectively. A thinner design, CivaThin, has sources designated as CT10-CT60, respectively. The CivaString and CivaThin sources are 0.85 and 0.60 mm in diameter, respectively. The source design is novel and offers an opportunity to examine its interesting dosimetric properties in comparison to conventional (103)Pd seeds. METHODS The MCNP5 radiation transport code was used to estimate air-kerma rate and dose rate distributions with polar and cylindrical coordinate systems. Doses in water and prostate tissue phantoms were compared to determine differences between the TG-43 formalism and realistic clinical circumstances. The influence of Ti encapsulation and 2.7 keV photons was examined. The accuracy of superposition of dose distributions from shorter sources to create longer source dose distributions was also assessed. RESULTS The normalized air-kerma rate was not highly dependent on L or the polar angle θ, with results being nearly identical between the CivaString and CivaThin sources for common L. The air-kerma strength was also weakly dependent on L. The uncertainty analysis established a standard uncertainty of 1.3% for the dose-rate constant Λ, where the largest contributors were μen/ρ and μ/ρ. The Λ values decreased with increasing L, which was largely explained by differences in solid angle. The radial dose function did not substantially vary among the CivaString and CivaThin sources for r ≥ 1 cm. However, behavior for r < 1 cm indicated that the Au marker(s) shielded radiation for the sources having L = 10, 30, and 50 mm. The 2D anisotropy function exhibited peaks and valleys that corresponded to positions adjacent to (103)Pd wells and Au markers, respectively. Dose distributions of both source types had minimal anisotropy in comparison to conventional (103)Pd seeds. Contributions by 2.7 keV photons comprised ≤ 0.1% of the dose from all photons at positions farther than 0.13 mm from the polymer source surface. Differences between absorbed dose to water and prostate became more substantial as distance from the sources increased, with prostate dose being about 13% lower for r = 5 cm. Using a cylindrical coordinate system, dose superposition of small length sources to replicate the dose distribution for a long length source proved to be a robust technique; a 2.0% tolerance compared with the reference dose distribution did not exceed 0.1 cm(3) for any of the examined source combinations. CONCLUSIONS By design, the CivaString and CivaThin sources have novel dosimetric characteristics in comparison to Ti-encapsulated (103)Pd seeds. The dosimetric characterization has determined the reasons for these differences through analysis using Monte Carlo-based radiation transport simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Rivard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Joshua L Reed
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Larry A DeWerd
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Reed JL, Rivard MJ, Micka JA, Culberson WS, DeWerd LA. Experimental and Monte Carlo dosimetric characterization of a 1 cm (103)Pd brachytherapy source. Brachytherapy 2014; 13:657-67. [PMID: 24880585 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the in-air azimuthal anisotropy and in-water dose distribution for the 1 cm length of a new elongated (103)Pd brachytherapy source through both experimental measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Measured and MC-calculated dose distributions were used to determine the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetry parameters for this source. METHODS AND MATERIALS The in-air azimuthal anisotropy of the source was measured with a NaI scintillation detector and was simulated with the MCNP5 radiation transport code. Measured and MC results were normalized to their respective mean values and then compared. The source dose distribution was determined from measurements with LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) microcubes and MC simulations. TG-43 dosimetry parameters for the source, including the dose-rate constant, Λ, two-dimensional anisotropy function, F(r, θ), and line-source radial dose function, gL(r), were determined from the TLD measurements and MC simulations. RESULTS NaI scintillation detector measurements and MC simulations of the in-air azimuthal anisotropy of the source showed that ≥95% of the normalized values for each source were within 1.2% of the mean value. TLD measurements and MC simulations of Λ, F(r, θ), and gL(r) agreed to within the associated uncertainties. CONCLUSIONS This new (103)Pd source exhibits a high level of azimuthal symmetry as indicated by the measured and MC-calculated results for the in-air azimuthal anisotropy. TG-43 dosimetry parameters for the source were determined through TLD measurements and MC simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Reed
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, UW Medical Radiation Research Center, Madison, WI.
| | - Mark J Rivard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - John A Micka
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, UW Medical Radiation Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - Wesley S Culberson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, UW Medical Radiation Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - Larry A DeWerd
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, UW Medical Radiation Research Center, Madison, WI
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