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Liu Z, Zheng C, Zhao N, Huang Y, Chen J, Yang Y. A GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo dose computation engine for small animal radiotherapy. Med Phys 2023; 50:5238-5247. [PMID: 37014307 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate dose computation is critical in precision small animal radiotherapy. The Monte Carlo simulation method is the gold standard for radiation dose computation but has not been widely implemented in practice due to its low computation efficiency. PURPOSE This study aims to develop a GPU-accelerated radiation dose engine (GARDEN) based on the Monte Carlo simulation method for fast and accurate dose computation. METHODS In the GARDEN simulation, Compton scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and photoelectric effect were considered. The Woodcock tracking algorithm and GPU-specific acceleration techniques were used to obtain a high computational efficiency. Benchmark studies against both Geant4 simulations and experimental measurements were performed for various phantoms and beams. Finally, a conformal arc treatment plan was designed for a lung tumor to further evaluate the accuracy and efficiency in small animal radiotherapy. RESULT The engine attained a speed-up of 1232 times in a homogeneous water phantom and 935 times in a water-bone-lung heterogeneous phantom when compared with Geant4. Both the depth-dose curves and cross-sectional dose profiles for various radiation field sizes showed a great match between measurements and the GARDEN calculations. For in vivo dose validation, the differences between calculations and measurements in the mouse thorax and abdomen were 2.50% ± 1.50% and 1.56% ± 1.40%, respectively. The computation time for an arc treatment plan delivered from 36 angles was 2 s at a <1% uncertainty level using an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 SUPER GPU. When compared with Geant4, the 3D gamma comparison passing rate was 98.7% at 2%/0.3 mm criteria. CONCLUSION GARDEN can perform fast and accurate dose computations in heterogeneous tissue environments and is expected to play a vital role in image-guided precision small animal radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunwen Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Ion Medical Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Vega JD, Hara D, Schmidt RM, Abuhaija MB, Tao W, Dogan N, Pollack A, Ford JC, Shi J. In vivo active-targeting fluorescence molecular imaging with adaptive background fluorescence subtraction. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130155. [PMID: 36998445 PMCID: PMC10043309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using active tumor-targeting nanoparticles, fluorescence imaging can provide highly sensitive and specific tumor detection, and precisely guide radiation in translational radiotherapy study. However, the inevitable presence of non-specific nanoparticle uptake throughout the body can result in high levels of heterogeneous background fluorescence, which limits the detection sensitivity of fluorescence imaging and further complicates the early detection of small cancers. In this study, background fluorescence emanating from the baseline fluorophores was estimated from the distribution of excitation light transmitting through tissues, by using linear mean square error estimation. An adaptive masked-based background subtraction strategy was then implemented to selectively refine the background fluorescence subtraction. First, an in vivo experiment was performed on a mouse intratumorally injected with passively targeted fluorescent nanoparticles, to validate the reliability and robustness of the proposed method in a stringent situation wherein the target fluorescence was overlapped with the strong background. Then, we conducted in vivo studies on 10 mice which were inoculated with orthotopic breast tumors and intravenously injected with actively targeted fluorescent nanoparticles. Results demonstrated that active targeting combined with the proposed background subtraction method synergistically increased the accuracy of fluorescence molecular imaging, affording sensitive tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D. Vega
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Daiki Hara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Ryder M. Schmidt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Marwan B. Abuhaija
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Wensi Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nesrin Dogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - John C. Ford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: John C. Ford, ; Junwei Shi,
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: John C. Ford, ; Junwei Shi,
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3
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Chen J, Zhao N, Copello V, Ru Y, Burnstein KL, Yang Y. Accurate and Early Metastases Diagnosis in Live Animals With Multimodal X-ray and Optical Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:511-517. [PMID: 35931351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo optical imaging systems are essential to track disease progression and evaluate therapeutic efficacy in animal studies. However, current approaches are limited by their inability to accurately capture 3-dimensional (3-D) image information. To overcome this hindrance, we adopted x-ray computed tomography (CT) as a prior for 3-D optical image reconstruction and further challenged the multimodal imaging performance with a metastasis model. METHODS AND MATERIALS The iSMAART system, an integrated small animal research platform, features coregistered high-quality quantitative optical tomography and CT. In the synergistic dual-modality imaging, CT provides both 3-D anatomy information and animal structure mesh for optical tomography reconstruction, which is performed using bioluminescence projections acquired from 4 orthogonal angles. The multimodal imaging system was challenged with a prostate cancer metastasis model, and a double-blind histopathology diagnosis was obtained to validate the imaging results. RESULTS The iSMAART located, visualized, and quantified early tumor metastases at the millimeter scale, and can accurately track deep tumors as small as 1.5 mm in live animals. Tumors metastasized into the liver, diaphragm, and tibia in 4 mice were all successfully diagnosed by the integrated tomographic imaging. CONCLUSIONS Instead of roughly comparing surface-light intensities, as traditionally performed in 2-dimensional optical imaging, iSMAART provides accurate tumor imaging and quantitative assessment capabilities with integrated CT and optical tomography for cancer metastasis research. With the powerful 3-D optical/CT imaging capability, iSMAART has the potential to tackle more complex research needs with higher targeting accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Chen
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Valeria Copello
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kerry L Burnstein
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; School of Physical Sciences and Ion Medical Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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4
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Chen Y, Du M, Li W, Su L, Yi H, Zhao F, Li K, Wang L, Cao X. ABPO-TVSCAD: alternating Bregman proximity operators approach based on TVSCAD regularization for bioluminescence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:215013. [PMID: 36220011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac994c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising non-invasive optical medical imaging technique, which can visualize and quantitatively analyze the distribution of tumor cells in living tissues. However, due to the influence of photon scattering effect and ill-conditioned inverse problem, the reconstruction result is unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study is to improve the reconstruction performance of BLT.Approach.An alternating Bregman proximity operators (ABPO) method based on TVSCAD regularization is proposed for BLT reconstruction. TVSCAD combines the anisotropic total variation (TV) regularization constraints and the non-convex smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty constraints, to make a trade-off between the sparsity and edge preservation of the source. ABPO approach is used to solve the TVSCAD model (ABPO-TVSCAD for short). In addition, to accelerate the convergence speed of the ABPO, we adapt the strategy of shrinking the permission source region, which further improves the performance of ABPO-TVSCAD.Main results.The results of numerical simulations andin vivoxenograft mouse experiment show that our proposed method achieved superior accuracy in spatial localization and morphological reconstruction of bioluminescent source.Significance.ABPO-TVSCAD is an effective and robust reconstruction method for BLT, and we hope that this method can promote the development of optical molecular tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Du
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitong Li
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhi Su
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangjian Yi
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjun Zhao
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Li W, Du M, Su L, Yi H, Zhao F, Li K, Wang L, Cao X. Elastic net-based non-negative iterative three-operator splitting strategy for Cerenkov luminescence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35282-35299. [PMID: 36258483 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) provides a powerful optical molecular imaging technique for non-invasive detection and visualization of radiopharmaceuticals in living objects. However, the severe photon scattering effect causes ill-posedness of the inverse problem, and the location accuracy and shape recovery of CLT reconstruction results are unsatisfactory for clinical application. Here, to improve the reconstruction spatial location accuracy and shape recovery ability, a non-negative iterative three operator splitting (NNITOS) strategy based on elastic net (EN) regularization was proposed. NNITOS formalizes the CLT reconstruction as a non-convex optimization problem and splits it into three operators, the least square, L1/2-norm regularization, and adaptive grouping manifold learning, then iteratively solved them. After stepwise iterations, the result of NNITOS converged progressively. Meanwhile, to speed up the convergence and ensure the sparsity of the solution, shrinking the region of interest was utilized in this strategy. To verify the effectiveness of the method, numerical simulations and in vivo experiments were performed. The result of these experiments demonstrated that, compared to several methods, NNITOS can achieve superior performance in terms of location accuracy, shape recovery capability, and robustness. We hope this work can accelerate the clinical application of CLT in the future.
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Deng Z, Xu X, Iordachita I, Dehghani H, Zhang B, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Mobile bioluminescence tomography-guided system for pre-clinical radiotherapy research. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4970-4989. [PMID: 36187243 PMCID: PMC9484421 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to low imaging contrast, a widely-used cone-beam computed tomography-guided small animal irradiator is less adept at localizing in vivo soft tissue targets. Bioluminescence tomography (BLT), which combines a model of light propagation through tissue with an optimization algorithm, can recover a spatially resolved tomographic volume for an internal bioluminescent source. We built a novel mobile BLT system for a small animal irradiator to localize soft tissue targets for radiation guidance. In this study, we elaborate its configuration and features that are indispensable for accurate image guidance. Phantom and in vivo validations show the BLT system can localize targets with accuracy within 1 mm. With the optimal choice of threshold and margin for target volume, BLT can provide a distinctive opportunity for investigators to perform conformal biology-guided irradiation to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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7
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Bentley A, Xu X, Deng Z, Rowe JE, Kang-Hsin Wang K, Dehghani H. Quantitative molecular bioluminescence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220026GRR. [PMID: 35726130 PMCID: PMC9207518 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.6.066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Bioluminescence imaging and tomography (BLT) are used to study biologically relevant activity, typically within a mouse model. A major limitation is that the underlying optical properties of the volume are unknown, leading to the use of a "best" estimate approach often compromising quantitative accuracy. AIM An optimization algorithm is presented that localizes the spatial distribution of bioluminescence by simultaneously recovering the optical properties and location of bioluminescence source from the same set of surface measurements. APPROACH Measured data, using implanted self-illuminating sources as well as an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model, are employed to recover three-dimensional spatial distribution of the bioluminescence source using a multi-parameter optimization algorithm. RESULTS The proposed algorithm is able to recover the size and location of the bioluminescence source while accounting for tissue attenuation. Localization accuracies of <1 mm are obtained in all cases, which is similar if not better than current "gold standard" methods that predict optical properties using a different imaging modality. CONCLUSIONS Application of this approach, using in-vivo experimental data has shown that quantitative BLT is possible without the need for any prior knowledge about optical parameters, paving the way toward quantitative molecular imaging of exogenous and indigenous biological tumor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bentley
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University of Birmingham, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zijian Deng
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Rowe
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University of Birmingham, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Zhang P, Yao L, Shan G, Chen Y. A model of radiation-induced temporomandibular joint damage in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1-10. [PMID: 35467478 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2069298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) equipped with a miniature beam system, an image-guided positioning system, and a dose planning system was used to develop and evaluate a mouse model of radiation-induced temporomandibular damage. METHODS Left jaw disks of adult male C57BL/6 mice and C3H mice were targeted using the SARRP for image-guided irradiation. The total radiation dose was 75 Gy. Experiment 1 (Scoping study): Mice in the C57BL/6 mouse test and control groups were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 weeks after irradiation, whereas mice in the C3H test and control groups were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after irradiation. Experiment 2 (Full -scale validation study): Mice in the C57BL/6 mouse test and control groups were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after irradiation. Histopathological analysis of the temporomandibular skeletal muscle in each group was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining; the temporal mandibular bone was examined through H&E staining. RESULTS SARRP delivered the rated dose to the temporomandibular joints of C57BL/6 and C3H mice. C3H and C57BL/6 mice in the test group showed different degrees of osteocytic necrosis and osteoporosis at different time points. H&E staining of skeletal muscle tissue showed slight fibrosis in the C57BL/6 test at 3 and 6 weeks time point. CONCLUSION We established a model of radiation-induced damage in the temporomandibular joint of C57BL/6 mice and demonstrated that the observed physiological and histological changes correspond to radiation damage observed in humans. Furthermore, the SARRP can deliver precise radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology Physics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lejing Yao
- Department of Radiology Physics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Shan
- Department of Radiology Physics, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Guo H, Yu J, He X, Yi H, Hou Y, He X. Total Variation Constrained Graph Manifold Learning Strategy for Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:1422-1441. [PMID: 35209303 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the power and flexibility of radiolabeled molecules, Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) provides a novel technique for non-invasive visualisation and quantification of viable tumour cells in a living organism. However, owing to the photon scattering effect and the ill-posed inverse problem, CLT still suffers from insufficient spatial resolution and shape recovery in various preclinical applications. In this study, we proposed a total variation constrained graph manifold learning (TV-GML) strategy for achieving accurate spatial location, dual-source resolution, and tumour morphology. TV-GML integrates the isotropic total variation term and dynamic graph Laplacian constraint to make a trade-off between edge preservation and piecewise smooth region reconstruction. Meanwhile, the tetrahedral mesh-Cartesian grid pair method based on the k-nearest neighbour, and the adaptive and composite Barzilai-Borwein method, were proposed to ensure global super linear convergence of the solution of TV-GML. The comparison results of both simulation experiments and in vivo experiments further indicated that TV-GML achieved superior reconstruction performance in terms of location accuracy, dual-source resolution, shape recovery capability, robustness, and in vivo practicability. Significance: We believe that this novel method will be beneficial to the application of CLT for quantitative analysis and morphological observation of various preclinical applications and facilitate the development of the theory of solving inverse problem.
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Xu X, Deng Z, Dehghani H, Iordachita I, Lim M, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Quantitative Bioluminescence Tomography-guided Conformal Irradiation for Preclinical Radiation Research. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1310-1321. [PMID: 34411639 PMCID: PMC8602741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Widely used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided irradiators in preclinical radiation research are limited to localize soft tissue target because of low imaging contrast. Knowledge of target volume is a fundamental need for radiation therapy (RT). Without such information to guide radiation, normal tissue can be overirradiated, introducing experimental uncertainties. This led us to develop high-contrast quantitative bioluminescence tomography (QBLT) for guidance. The use of a 3-dimensional bioluminescence signal, related to cell viability, for preclinical radiation research is one step toward biology-guided RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS Our QBLT system enables multiprojection and multispectral bioluminescence imaging to maximize input data for the tomographic reconstruction. Accurate quantification of spectrum and dynamic change of in vivo signal were also accounted for the QBLT. A spectral-derivative method was implemented to eliminate the modeling of the light propagation from animal surface to detector. We demonstrated the QBLT capability of guiding conformal RT using a bioluminescent glioblastoma (GBM) model in vivo. A threshold was determined to delineate QBLT reconstructed gross target volume (GTVQBLT), which provides the best overlap between the GTVQBLT and CBCT contrast labeled GBM (GTV), used as the ground truth for GBM volume. To account for the uncertainty of GTVQBLT in target positioning and volume delineation, a margin was determined and added to the GTVQBLT to form a QBLT planning target volume (PTVQBLT) for guidance. RESULTS The QBLT can reconstruct in vivo GBM with localization accuracy within 1 mm. A 0.5-mm margin was determined and added to GTVQBLT to form PTVQBLT, largely improving tumor coverage from 75.0% (0 mm margin) to 97.9% in average, while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. With the goal of prescribed dose 5 Gy covering 95% of PTVQBLT, QBLT-guided 7-field conformal RT can effectively irradiate 99.4 ± 1.0% of GTV. CONCLUSIONS The QBLT provides a unique opportunity for investigators to use biologic information for target delineation, guiding conformal irradiation, and reducing normal tissue involvement, which is expected to increase reproducibility of scientific discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Deng Z, Xu X, Garzon-Muvdi T, Xia Y, Kim E, Belcaid Z, Luksik A, Maxwell R, Choi J, Wang H, Yu J, Iordachita I, Lim M, Wong JW, Wang KKH. In Vivo Bioluminescence Tomography Center of Mass-Guided Conformal Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 106:612-620. [PMID: 31738948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) has provided unique opportunities to test radiobiologic hypotheses. However, CBCT is less adept to localize soft tissue targets growing in a low imaging contrast environment. Three-dimensional bioluminescence tomography (BLT) provides strong image contrast and thus offers an attractive solution. We introduced a novel and efficient BLT-guided conformal radiation therapy and demonstrated it in an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) model. METHODS AND MATERIALS A multispectral BLT system was integrated with SARRP for radiation therapy (RT) guidance. GBM growth curve was first established by contrast CBCT/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to derive equivalent sphere as approximated gross target volume (aGTV). For BLT, mice were subject to multispectral bioluminescence imaging, followed by SARRP CBCT imaging and optical reconstruction. The CBCT image was acquired to generate anatomic mesh for the reconstruction and RT planning. To ensure high accuracy of the BLT-reconstructed center of mass (CoM) for target localization, we optimized the optical absorption coefficients μa by minimizing the distance between the CoMs of BLT reconstruction and contrast CBCT/MRI-delineated GBM volume. The aGTV combined with the uncertainties of BLT CoM localization and target volume determination was used to generate estimated target volume (ETV). For conformal irradiation procedure, the GBM was first localized by the predetermined ETV centered at BLT-reconstructed CoM, followed by SARRP radiation. The irradiation accuracy was qualitatively confirmed by pathologic staining. RESULTS Deviation between CoMs of BLT reconstruction and contrast CBCT/MRI-imaged GBM is approximately 1 mm. Our derived ETV centered at BLT-reconstructed CoM covers >95% of the tumor volume. Using the second-week GBM as an example, the ETV-based BLT-guided irradiation can cover 95.4% ± 4.7% tumor volume at prescribed dose. The pathologic staining demonstrated the BLT-guided irradiated area overlapped well with the GBM location. CONCLUSIONS The BLT-guided RT enables 3-dimensional conformal radiation for important orthotopic tumor models, which provides investigators a new preclinical research capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuanxuan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eileen Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Luksik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Russell Maxwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shanxi, China
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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12
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Verhoeven J, Bolcaen J, De Meulenaere V, Kersemans K, Descamps B, Donche S, Van den Broecke C, Boterberg T, Kalala JP, Deblaere K, Vanhove C, De Vos F, Goethals I. Technical feasibility of [ 18F]FET and [ 18F]FAZA PET guided radiotherapy in a F98 glioblastoma rat model. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:89. [PMID: 31146757 PMCID: PMC6543630 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Standard medical treatment consists of a maximal safe surgical resection, subsequently radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). An accurate definition of the tumor volume is of utmost importance for guiding RT. In this project we investigated the feasibility and treatment response of subvolume boosting to a PET-defined tumor part. Method F98 GB cells inoculated in the rat brain were imaged using T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1w) MRI. A dose of 20 Gy (5 × 5 mm2) was delivered to the target volume delineated based on T1w MRI for three treatment groups. Two of those treatment groups received an additional radiation boost of 5 Gy (1 × 1 mm2) delivered to the region either with maximum [18F]FET or [18F]FAZA PET tracer uptake, respectively. All therapy groups received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of TMZ. Finally, a control group received no RT and only control IP injections. The average, minimum and maximum dose, as well as the D90-, D50- and D2- values were calculated for nine rats using both RT plans. To evaluate response to therapy, follow-up tumor volumes were delineated based on T1w MRI. Results When comparing the dose volume histograms, a significant difference was found exclusively between the D2-values. A significant difference in tumor growth was only found between active therapy and sham therapy respectively, while no significant differences were found when comparing the three treatment groups. Conclusion In this study we showed the feasibility of PET guided subvolume boosting of F98 glioblastoma in rats. No evidence was found for a beneficial effect regarding tumor response. However, improvements for dose targeting in rodents and studies investigating new targeted drugs for GB treatment are mandatory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-019-1290-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium.,National Research Foundation (NRF), iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Valerie De Meulenaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Donche
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Boterberg
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Deblaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
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Donche S, Verhoeven J, Descamps B, Bolcaen J, Deblaere K, Boterberg T, Van den Broecke C, Vanhove C, Goethals I. The Path Toward PET-Guided Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma in Laboratory Animals: A Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 30761302 PMCID: PMC6361864 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the current state-of-the-art treatment, which consists of maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy, concomitant, and adjuvant chemotherapy, progression remains rapid due to aggressive tumor characteristics. Several new therapeutic targets have been investigated using chemotherapeutics and targeted molecular drugs, however, the intrinsic resistance to induced cell death of brain cells impede the effectiveness of systemic therapies. Also, the unique immune environment of the central nervous system imposes challenges for immune-based therapeutics. Therefore, it is important to consider other approaches to treat these tumors. There is a well-known dose-response relationship for glioblastoma with increased survival with increasing doses, but this effect seems to cap around 60 Gy, due to increased toxicity to the normal brain. Currently, radiation treatment planning of glioblastoma patients relies on CT and MRI that does not visualize the heterogeneous nature of the tumor, and consequently, a homogenous dose is delivered to the entire tumor. Metabolic imaging, such as positron-emission tomography, allows to visualize the heterogeneous tumor environment. Using these metabolic imaging techniques, an approach called dose painting can be used to deliver a higher dose to the tumor regions with high malignancy and/or radiation resistance. Preclinical studies are required for evaluating the benefits of novel radiation treatment strategies, such as PET-based dose painting. The aim of this review is to give a brief overview of promising PET tracers that can be evaluated in laboratory animals to bridge the gap between PET-based dose painting in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Donche
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Bioluminescence Tomography Guided Small-Animal Radiation Therapy and Tumor Response Assessment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Xu K, Shi J, Pourmand A, Udayakumar TS, Dogan N, Zhao W, Pollack A, Yang Y. Plasmonic Optical Imaging of Gold Nanorods Localization in Small Animals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9342. [PMID: 29921960 PMCID: PMC6008467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been intensively investigated for applications in cancer imaging and therapy. Most imaging studies focused on microscopic imaging. Their potential as optical imaging probes for whole body small animal imaging has rarely been explored. Taking advantage of their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties, we aim to develop a noninvasive diffuse optical imaging method to map the distribution of a special type of GNP, gold nanorods (GNR), in small animals. We developed an integrated dual-modality imaging system capable of both x-ray computed tomography (XCT) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). XCT provides the animal anatomy and contour required for DOT; DOT maps the distribution of GNR in the animal. This SPR enhanced optical imaging (SPROI) technique was investigated using simulation, phantom and mouse experiments. The distribution of GNR at various concentrations (0.1-100 nM, or 3.5 ug/g-3.5 mg/g) was successfully reconstructed from centimeter-scaled volumes. SPROI detected GNR at 18 μg/g concentration in the mouse breast tumor, and is 3 orders more sensitive than x-ray imaging. This study demonstrated the high sensitivity of SPROI in mapping GNR distributions in small animals. It does not require additional imaging tags other than GNR themselves. SPROI can be used to detect tumors targeted by GNR via passive targeting based on enhanced permeability and retention or via active targeting using biologically conjugated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ali Pourmand
- Department of Marine Geoscience, University of Miami RSMAS, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | | | - Nesrin Dogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Weizhao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
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16
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Shi J, Udayakumar TS, Wang Z, Dogan N, Pollack A, Yang Y. Optical molecular imaging-guided radiation therapy part 1: Integrated x-ray and bioluminescence tomography. Med Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology; School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL 33136 USA
| | | | - Zhiqun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Nesrin Dogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology; School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology; School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Yidong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL 33136 USA
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17
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Yu J, Zhang B, Iordachita II, Reyes J, Lu Z, Brock MV, Patterson MS, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Systematic study of target localization for bioluminescence tomography guided radiation therapy. Med Phys 2017; 43:2619. [PMID: 27147371 DOI: 10.1118/1.4947481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To overcome the limitation of CT/cone-beam CT (CBCT) in guiding radiation for soft tissue targets, the authors developed a spectrally resolved bioluminescence tomography (BLT) system for the small animal radiation research platform. The authors systematically assessed the performance of the BLT system in terms of target localization and the ability to resolve two neighboring sources in simulations, tissue-mimicking phantom, and in vivo environments. METHODS Multispectral measurements acquired in a single projection were used for the BLT reconstruction. The incomplete variables truncated conjugate gradient algorithm with an iterative permissible region shrinking strategy was employed as the optimization scheme to reconstruct source distributions. Simulation studies were conducted for single spherical sources with sizes from 0.5 to 3 mm radius at depth of 3-12 mm. The same configuration was also applied for the double source simulation with source separations varying from 3 to 9 mm. Experiments were performed in a standalone BLT/CBCT system. Two self-illuminated sources with 3 and 4.7 mm separations placed inside a tissue-mimicking phantom were chosen as the test cases. Live mice implanted with single-source at 6 and 9 mm depth, two sources at 3 and 5 mm separation at depth of 5 mm, or three sources in the abdomen were also used to illustrate the localization capability of the BLT system for multiple targets in vivo. RESULTS For simulation study, approximate 1 mm accuracy can be achieved at localizing center of mass (CoM) for single-source and grouped CoM for double source cases. For the case of 1.5 mm radius source, a common tumor size used in preclinical study, their simulation shows that for all the source separations considered, except for the 3 mm separation at 9 and 12 mm depth, the two neighboring sources can be resolved at depths from 3 to 12 mm. Phantom experiments illustrated that 2D bioluminescence imaging failed to distinguish two sources, but BLT can provide 3D source localization with approximately 1 mm accuracy. The in vivo results are encouraging that 1 and 1.7 mm accuracy can be attained for the single-source case at 6 and 9 mm depth, respectively. For the 2 sources in vivo study, both sources can be distinguished at 3 and 5 mm separations, and approximately 1 mm localization accuracy can also be achieved. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that their multispectral BLT/CBCT system could be potentially applied to localize and resolve multiple sources at wide range of source sizes, depths, and separations. The average accuracy of localizing CoM for single-source and grouped CoM for double sources is approximately 1 mm except deep-seated target. The information provided in this study can be instructive to devise treatment margins for BLT-guided irradiation. These results also suggest that the 3D BLT system could guide radiation for the situation with multiple targets, such as metastatic tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231 and School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Iulian I Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Department of Oncology and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231 and Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of GI Oncology, Peking University, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Oncology and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Michael S Patterson
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
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18
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An image guided small animal stereotactic radiotherapy system. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18825-36. [PMID: 26958942 PMCID: PMC4951332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animal radiotherapy studies should be performed preferably on irradiators capable of focal tumor irradiation and healthy tissue sparing. In this study, an image guided small animal arc radiation treatment system (iSMAART) was developed which can achieve highly precise radiation targeting through the utilization of onboard cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance. The iSMAART employs a unique imaging and radiation geometry where animals are positioned upright. It consists of a stationary x-ray tube, a stationary flat panel detector, and a rotatable and translational animal stage. System performance was evaluated in regards to imaging, image guidance, animal positioning, and radiation targeting using phantoms and tumor bearing animals. The onboard CBCT achieved good signal, contrast, and sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The iodine contrast CBCT accurately delineated orthotopic prostate tumors. Animal positioning was evaluated with ~0.3 mm vertical displacement along superior-inferior direction. The overall targeting precision was within 0.4 mm. Stereotactic radiation beams conformal to tumor targets can be precisely delivered from multiple angles surrounding the animal. The iSMAART allows radiobiology labs to utilize an image guided precision radiation technique that can focally irradiate tumors while sparing healthy tissues at an affordable cost.
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19
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Zhang B, Wong JW, Iordachita II, Reyes J, Nugent K, Tran PT, Tuttle SW, Koumenis C, Wang KKH. Evaluation of On- and Off-Line Bioluminescence Tomography System for Focal Irradiation Guidance. Radiat Res 2016; 186:592-601. [PMID: 27869556 DOI: 10.1667/rr14423.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In response to the limitations of computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) in irradiation guidance, especially for soft-tissue targets without the use of contrast agents, our group developed a solution that implemented bioluminescence tomography (BLT) as the image-guidance modality for preclinical radiation research. However, adding such a system to existing small animal irradiators is no small task. A potential solution is to utilize an off-line BLT system in close proximity to the irradiator, with stable and effective animal transport between the two systems. In this study, we investigated the localization accuracy of an off-line BLT system when used for the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) and compared the results with those of an on-line system. The CBCT was equipped on both the off-line BLT system and the SARRP, with a distance of 5 m between them. To evaluate the setup error during animal transport between the two systems, the mice underwent CBCT imaging on the SARRP and were then transported to the off-line system for a second CBCT imaging session. The normalized intensity difference of the two images and the corresponding histogram and correlation were computed to evaluate if the transport process perturbed animal positioning. Strong correlation (correlation coefficients >0.95) between the SARRP and the off-line mouse CBCT was observed. The offset of the implanted light source center can be maintained within 0.2 mm during transport. To compare the target localization accuracy using the on-line SARRP BLT and the off-line system, a self-illuminated bioluminescent source was implanted in the abdomen of anesthetized mice. In addition to the application for dose calculation, CBCT imaging was also employed to generate the mesh grid of the imaged mouse for BLT reconstruction. Two scenarios were devised and compared, which involved localization of the luminescence source based on either: 1. on-line SARRP bioluminescence image and CBCT; or 2. off-line bioluminescence image and SARRP CBCT. The first scenario is assumed to have the least setup error, because no animal transport was involved. The second scenario examines if an off-line BLT system, with the mesh generated from the SARRP CBCT, can be used to guide SARRP irradiation when there is minimal target contrast in CBCT. Stability during animal transport between the two systems was maintained. The center of mass (CoM) of the light source reconstructed by the off-line BLT had an offset of 1.0 ± 0.4 mm from the true CoM derived from the SARRP CBCT. These results are comparable to the offset of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm using on-line BLT. With CBCT information provided by the SARRP and effective animal immobilization during transport, these findings support the utilization of an off-line BLT-guided system, in close proximity to the SARRP, for accurate soft-tissue target localization. In addition, a dedicated standalone BLT system for our partner site at the University of Pennsylvania was introduced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John W Wong
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Iulian I Iordachita
- b Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katriana Nugent
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,c Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen W Tuttle
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- d Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Ford E, Deye J. Current Instrumentation and Technologies in Modern Radiobiology Research—Opportunities and Challenges. Semin Radiat Oncol 2016; 26:349-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Eslami S, Wong J, Iordachita I. A dual-use imaging system for pre-clinical small animal radiation research. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:6904-7. [PMID: 26737880 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system on the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) is less effective in localizing soft-tissue targets. On the contrary, molecular optical imaging techniques, such as bioluminescence tomography (BLT) and fluorescence tomography (FT), can provide high contrast soft tissue images to complement CBCT and offer functional information. In this study, we present a dual-use optical imaging system that enables BLT/FT for both on-board and stand-alone applications. The system consists of a mobile cart and an imaging unit. Multi-projection optical images can be acquired in a range of -90°~90° angles. An optical fiber driven by an X-Y-Z Cartesian stage serves as an excitation light source specifically for FT. Our results show that the accuracy and reproducibility of the system meets the requirements set by the pre-clinical workflow (<;0.1 mm and 0.5 degree error). Preliminary experiments demonstrate the feasibility of bioluminescent imaging in a tissue-simulating phantom with a luminescent source embedded. In a considerable light-tight environment, we can achieve average background optical intensity significantly lower than the luminescent signal (<; 5%).
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Abstract
Tumours contain multiple different cell populations, including cells derived from the bone marrow as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts and various stromal populations including the vasculature. The microenvironment of the tumour cells plays a significant role in the response of the tumour to radiation treatment. Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) caused by the poorly organized vasculature in tumours have long been known to affect radiation response; however, other aspects of the microenvironment may also play important roles. This article reviews some of the old literature concerning tumour response to irradiation and relates this to current concepts about the role of the tumour microenvironment in tumour response to radiation treatment. Included in the discussion are the role of cancer stem cells, radiation damage to the vasculature and the potential for radiation to enhance immune activity against tumour cells. Radiation treatment can cause a significant influx of bone marrow-derived cell populations into both normal tissues and tumours. Potential roles of such cells may include enhancing vascular recovery as well as modulating immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Hill
- 1 Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,2 Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Zhang B, Wang KKH, Yu J, Eslami S, Iordachita I, Reyes J, Malek R, Tran PT, Patterson MS, Wong JW. Bioluminescence Tomography-Guided Radiation Therapy for Preclinical Research. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 94:1144-53. [PMID: 26876954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In preclinical radiation research, it is challenging to localize soft tissue targets based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guidance. As a more effective method to localize soft tissue targets, we developed an online bioluminescence tomography (BLT) system for small-animal radiation research platform (SARRP). We demonstrated BLT-guided radiation therapy and validated targeting accuracy based on a newly developed reconstruction algorithm. METHODS AND MATERIALS The BLT system was designed to dock with the SARRP for image acquisition and to be detached before radiation delivery. A 3-mirror system was devised to reflect the bioluminescence emitted from the subject to a stationary charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Multispectral BLT and the incomplete variables truncated conjugate gradient method with a permissible region shrinking strategy were used as the optimization scheme to reconstruct bioluminescent source distributions. To validate BLT targeting accuracy, a small cylindrical light source with high CBCT contrast was placed in a phantom and also in the abdomen of a mouse carcass. The center of mass (CoM) of the source was recovered from BLT and used to guide radiation delivery. The accuracy of the BLT-guided targeting was validated with films and compared with the CBCT-guided delivery. In vivo experiments were conducted to demonstrate BLT localization capability for various source geometries. RESULTS Online BLT was able to recover the CoM of the embedded light source with an average accuracy of 1 mm compared to that with CBCT localization. Differences between BLT- and CBCT-guided irradiation shown on the films were consistent with the source localization revealed in the BLT and CBCT images. In vivo results demonstrated that our BLT system could potentially be applied for multiple targets and tumors. CONCLUSIONS The online BLT/CBCT/SARRP system provides an effective solution for soft tissue targeting, particularly for small, nonpalpable, or orthotopic tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sohrab Eslami
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reem Malek
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology and Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael S Patterson
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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