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Gilman E, Chaloupka M, Pacini A, Kingma E. Exploring odontocete depredation rates in a pelagic longline fishery. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301072. [PMID: 38547232 PMCID: PMC10977886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several odontocete species depredate catch and bait from fishing gear, resulting in their bycatch and causing substantial economic costs. There are no known mitigation methods for odontocete depredation in pelagic longline fisheries that are effective, do not harm odontocetes and are commercially viable. Understanding odontocetes' depredation strategies can contribute to mitigating this human-wildlife conflict. Using observer data from the Hawaii-based tuna longline fishery, this study summarized teleost and elasmobranch species-specific mean posterior odontocete depredation rates using a simple Bayesian binomial likelihood estimator with a Bayes-Laplace prior. Depredation rates of species with sufficient sample sizes ranged from a high of 1.2% (1.1 to 1.3 95% highest posterior density interval or HDI) for shortbill spearfish to a low of 0.002% (0.001 to 0.003 95% HDI) for blue shark. Depredation of catch is a rare event in this fishery, occurring in about 6% of sets. When depredation did occur, most frequently odontocetes depredated a small proportion of the catch, however, there was large variability in depredation rates between teleost species. For example, bigeye tuna was two times more likely to be depredated than yellowfin tuna (odds ratio = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.8-2.3, P<0.0001). For sets with depredation, 10% and 2% of sets had depredation of over half of the captured bigeye tuna and combined teleosts, respectively. All elasmobranch species had relatively low depredation rates, where only 7 of almost 0.5M captured elasmobranchs were depredated. Odontocetes selectively depredate a subset of the teleost species captured within sets, possibly based on net energy value, chemical, visual, acoustic and textural characteristics and body size, but not median length, which was found to be unrelated to depredation rate (Pearson's r = 0.14, 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.50, p = 0.49). Study findings provide evidence to support the identification and innovation of effective and commercially viable methods to mitigate odontocete depredation and bycatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gilman
- Fisheries Research Group, United States of America
| | - Milani Chaloupka
- Ecological Modelling Services and Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aude Pacini
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Eric Kingma
- Hawaii Longline Association, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
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2
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Pieniazek RH, Beach RK, Dycha GM, Mickle MF, Higgs DM. Navigating noisy waters: A review of field studies examining anthropogenic noise effects on wild fisha). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2828-2842. [PMID: 37930177 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise is globally increasing in aquatic ecosystems, and there is concern that it may have adverse consequences in many fish species, yet the effects of noise in field settings are not well understood. Concern over the applicability of laboratory-conducted bioacoustic experiments has led to a call for, and a recent increase in, field-based studies, but the results have been mixed, perhaps due to the wide variety of techniques used and species studied. Previous reviews have explored the behavioral, physiological, and/or anatomical costs of fish exposed to anthropogenic noise, but few, if any, have focused on the field techniques and sound sources themselves. This review, therefore, aims to summarize, quantify, and interpret field-based literature, highlight novel approaches, and provide recommendations for future research into the effects of noise on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Pieniazek
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - R K Beach
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - G M Dycha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - M F Mickle
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - D M Higgs
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Acoustic discrimination in the grey bamboo shark Chiloscyllium griseum. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6520. [PMID: 35444192 PMCID: PMC9021286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive abilities of sharks are well developed and comparable to teleosts and other vertebrates. Most studies exploring elasmobranch cognitive abilities have used visual stimuli, assessing a wide range of discrimination tasks, memory retention and spatial learning abilities. Some studies using acoustic stimuli in a cognitive context have been conducted, but a basic understanding of sound induced behavioural changes and the underlying mechanisms involved are still lacking. This study explored the acoustic discrimination abilities of seven juvenile grey bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium griseum) using a Go/No-Go method, which so far had never been tested in sharks before. After this, the smallest frequency difference leading to a change in behaviour in the sharks was studied using a series of transfer tests. Our results show that grey bamboo sharks can learn a Go/No-Go task using both visual and acoustic stimuli. Transfer tests elucidated that, when both stimulus types were presented, both were used. Within the tested range of 90–210 Hz, a frequency difference of 20–30 Hz is sufficient to discriminate the two sounds, which is comparable to results previously collected for sharks and teleosts. Currently, there is still a substantial lack of knowledge concerning the acoustic abilities and sound induced behaviours of sharks while anthropogenic noise is constantly on the rise. New insights into shark sound recognition, detection and use are therefore of the utmost importance and will aid in management and conservation efforts of sharks.
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Abstract
The effect of sound on the behaviour of sharks has not been investigated since the 1970s. Sound is, however, an important sensory stimulus underwater, as it can spread in all directions quickly and propagate further than any other sensory cue. We used a baited underwater camera rig to record the behavioural responses of eight species of sharks (seven reef and coastal shark species and the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias) to the playback of two distinct sound stimuli in the wild: an orca call sequence and an artificially generated sound. When sounds were playing, reef and coastal sharks were less numerous in the area, were responsible for fewer interactions with the baited test rigs, and displayed less ‘inquisitive’ behaviour, compared to during silent control trials. White sharks spent less time around the baited camera rig when the artificial sound was presented, but showed no significant difference in behaviour in response to orca calls. The use of the presented acoustic stimuli alone is not an effective deterrent for C. carcharias. The behavioural response of reef sharks to sound raises concern about the effects of anthropogenic noise on these taxa.
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5
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Southall BL, Nowacek DP, Miller PJO, Tyack PL. Experimental field studies to measure behavioral responses of cetaceans to sonar. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Samarra FIP, Deecke VB, Miller PJO. Low-frequency signals produced by Northeast Atlantic killer whales (Orcinus orca). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:1149-1157. [PMID: 27036251 DOI: 10.1121/1.4943555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Killer whale acoustic behavior has been extensively investigated; however, most studies have focused on pulsed calls and whistles. This study reports the production of low-frequency signals by killer whales at frequencies below 300 Hz. Recordings were made in Iceland and Norway when killer whales were observed feeding on herring and no other marine mammal species were nearby. Low-frequency sounds were identified in Iceland and ranged in duration between 0.14 and 2.77 s and in frequency between 50 and 270 Hz, well below the previously reported lower limit for killer whale tonal sounds of 500 Hz. Low-frequency sounds appeared to be produced close in time to tail slaps, which are indicative of feeding attempts, suggesting that these sounds may be related to a feeding context. However, their precise function is unknown, and they could be the by-product of a non-vocal behavior rather than a vocal signal deliberately produced by the whales. Although killer whales in Norway exhibit similar feeding behavior, this sound has not been detected in recordings from Norway to date. This study suggests that, like other delphinids, killer whales produce low-frequency sounds, but further studies will be required to understand whether similar sounds exist in other killer whale populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa I P Samarra
- Marine Research Institute, Skulagata 4, P.O. Box 1390, 121 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Volker B Deecke
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, University of Cumbria, Rydal Road, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 9BB, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 8LB, United Kingdom
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7
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Lam FPA, Kvadsheim PH, Miller PJO, Tyack PL, Ainslie MA, Curé C, Kleivane L, Sivle LD, van Ijsselmuide SP, Visser F, von Benda-Beckmann AM, Wensveen PJ, Dekeling RPA. Controlled Sonar Exposure Experiments on Cetaceans in Norwegian Waters: Overview of the 3S-Project. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:589-98. [PMID: 26611008 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In mitigating the risk of sonar operations, the behavioral response of cetaceans is one of the major knowledge gaps that needs to be addressed. The 3S-Project has conducted a number of controlled exposure experiments with a realistic sonar source in Norwegian waters from 2006 to 2013. In total, the following six target species have been studied: killer, long-finned pilot, sperm, humpback, minke, and northern bottlenose whales. A total of 38 controlled sonar exposures have been conducted on these species. Responses from controlled and repeated exposure runs have been recorded using acoustic and visual observations as well as with electronic tags on the target animal. So far, the first dose-response curves as well as an overview of the scored severity of responses have been revealed. In this paper, an overview is presented of the approach for the study, including the results so far as well as the current status of the ongoing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans-Peter A Lam
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.
| | - Peter L Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.
| | - Michael A Ainslie
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte Curé
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.
| | - Lars Kleivane
- Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI), Horten, 3191, Norway.
| | | | - Sander P van Ijsselmuide
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Fleur Visser
- Kelp Marine Research, Hoorn, 1624 CJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander M von Benda-Beckmann
- Acoustics and Sonar Research Group, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Oude Waalsdorperweg 63, 2597 AK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul J Wensveen
- Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK.
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8
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Handegard NO, Boswell K, De Robertis A, Macaulay GJ, Rieucau G, Sivle LD. Investigating the Effect of Tones and Frequency Sweeps on the Collective Behavior of Penned Herring (Clupea harengus). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 875:391-8. [PMID: 26610983 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally played back tones and sweeps to captive herring (Clupea harengus) in a net pen and measured the collective response of a large and a small group of fish using a camera, echo sounder, and multibeam sonar. The playbacks ranged in frequency from 160 to 500 Hz and 131 to 147 dB re 1 μPa in received sound pressure level. Herring behavior was scored by a team that blindly evaluated the observations. Overall, the responses were modest. Stronger reactions were observed at higher source levels, lower frequencies, and smaller school sizes, but there was no effect on signal rise time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Boswell
- Florida International University, Marine Sciences Building 355, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Alex De Robertis
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
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9
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Sivle LD, Kvadsheim PH, Ainslie M. Potential Population Consequences of Active Sonar Disturbance in Atlantic Herring: Estimating the Maximum Risk. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 875:217-22. [PMID: 26610962 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Effects of noise on fish populations may be predicted by the population consequence of acoustic disturbance (PCAD) model. We have predicted the potential risk of population disturbance when the highest sound exposure level (SEL) at which adult herring do not respond to naval sonar (SEL(0)) is exceeded. When the population density is low (feeding), the risk is low even at high sonar source levels and long-duration exercises (>24 h). With densely packed populations (overwintering), a sonar exercise might expose the entire population to levels >SEL(0) within a 24-h exercise period. However, the disturbance will be short and the response threshold used here is highly conservative. It is therefore unlikely that naval sonar will significantly impact the herring population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Ainslie
- Observation Systems, Defense, Safety and Security, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2509 JG, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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10
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Rieucau G, Sivle LD, Olav Handegard N. Herring perform stronger collective evasive reactions when previously exposed to killer whales calls. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Shannon G, McKenna MF, Angeloni LM, Crooks KR, Fristrup KM, Brown E, Warner KA, Nelson MD, White C, Briggs J, McFarland S, Wittemyer G. A synthesis of two decades of research documenting the effects of noise on wildlife. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:982-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Shannon
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Megan F. McKenna
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division; National Park Service; Fort Collins CO 80525 U.S.A
| | - Lisa M. Angeloni
- Department of Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Kevin R. Crooks
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Kurt M. Fristrup
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division; National Park Service; Fort Collins CO 80525 U.S.A
| | - Emma Brown
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division; National Park Service; Fort Collins CO 80525 U.S.A
| | - Katy A. Warner
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Misty D. Nelson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Cecilia White
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Jessica Briggs
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - Scott McFarland
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
| | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A
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12
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Variations in killer whale food-associated calls produced during different prey behavioural contexts. Behav Processes 2015; 116:33-42. [PMID: 25934134 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Killer whales produce herding calls to increase herring school density but previous studies suggested that these calls were made only when feeding upon spawning herring. Herring schools less densely when spawning compared to overwintering; therefore, producing herding calls may be advantageous only when feeding upon less dense spawning schools. To investigate if herding calls were produced across different prey behavioural contexts and whether structural variants occurred and correlated with prey behaviour, this study recorded killer whales when feeding upon spawning and overwintering herring. Herding calls were produced by whales feeding on both spawning and overwintering herring, however, calls recorded during overwintering had significantly different duration and peak frequency to those recorded during spawning. Calls recorded in herring overwintering grounds were more variable and sometimes included nonlinear phenomena. Thus, herding calls were not produced exclusively when feeding upon spawning herring, likely because the call increases feeding efficiency regardless of herring school density or behaviour. Variations in herding call structure were observed between prey behavioural contexts and did not appear to be adapted to prey characteristics. Herding call structural variants may be more likely a result of individual or group variation rather than a reflection of properties of the food source.
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13
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Rieucau G, Boswell KM, De Robertis A, Macaulay GJ, Handegard NO. Experimental evidence of threat-sensitive collective avoidance responses in a large wild-caught herring school. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86726. [PMID: 24489778 PMCID: PMC3906054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation is commonly thought to improve animals' security. Within aquatic ecosystems, group-living prey can learn about immediate threats using cues perceived directly from predators, or from collective behaviours, for example, by reacting to the escape behaviours of companions. Combining cues from different modalities may improve the accuracy of prey antipredatory decisions. In this study, we explored the sensory modalities that mediate collective antipredatory responses of herring (Clupea harengus) when in a large school (approximately 60 000 individuals). By conducting a simulated predator encounter experiment in a semi-controlled environment (a sea cage), we tested the hypothesis that the collective responses of herring are threat-sensitive. We investigated whether cues from potential threats obtained visually or from the perception of water displacement, used independently or in an additive way, affected the strength of the collective avoidance reactions. We modified the sensory nature of the simulated threat by exposing the herring to 4 predator models differing in shape and transparency. The collective vertical avoidance response was observed and quantified using active acoustics. The combination of sensory cues elicited the strongest avoidance reactions, suggesting that collective antipredator responses in herring are mediated by the sensory modalities involved during threat detection in an additive fashion. Thus, this study provides evidence for magnitude-graded threat responses in a large school of wild-caught herring which is consistent with the “threat-sensitive hypothesis”.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin M. Boswell
- Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, Marine Sciences Building, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alex De Robertis
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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14
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Miller PJO, Antunes RN, Wensveen PJ, Samarra FIP, Alves AC, Tyack PL, Kvadsheim PH, Kleivane L, Lam FPA, Ainslie MA, Thomas L. Dose-response relationships for the onset of avoidance of sonar by free-ranging killer whales. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 135:975-93. [PMID: 25234905 DOI: 10.1121/1.4861346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Eight experimentally controlled exposures to 1-2 kHz or 6-7 kHz sonar signals were conducted with four killer whale groups. The source level and proximity of the source were increased during each exposure in order to reveal response thresholds. Detailed inspection of movements during each exposure session revealed sustained changes in speed and travel direction judged to be avoidance responses during six of eight sessions. Following methods developed for Phase-I clinical trials in human medicine, response thresholds ranging from 94 to 164 dB re 1 μPa received sound pressure level (SPL) were fitted to Bayesian dose-response functions. Thresholds did not consistently differ by sonar frequency or whether a group had previously been exposed, with a mean SPL response threshold of 142 ± 15 dB (mean ± s.d.). High levels of between- and within-individual variability were identified, indicating that thresholds depended upon other undefined contextual variables. The dose-response functions indicate that some killer whales started to avoid sonar at received SPL below thresholds assumed by the U.S. Navy. The predicted extent of habitat over which avoidance reactions occur depends upon whether whales responded to proximity or received SPL of the sonar or both, but was large enough to raise concerns about biological consequences to the whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Ricardo N Antunes
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Paul J Wensveen
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Filipa I P Samarra
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Peter L Tyack
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, Scotland
| | - Petter H Kvadsheim
- Maritime Systems Division, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), NO-3191 Horten, Norway
| | - Lars Kleivane
- Maritime Systems Division, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), NO-3191 Horten, Norway
| | - Frans-Peter A Lam
- Acoustics and Sonar, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 96864 The Hague, 2509 JG, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Ainslie
- Acoustics and Sonar, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), P.O. Box 96864 The Hague, 2509 JG, The Netherlands
| | - Len Thomas
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9QQ, Scotland
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15
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Curé C, Antunes R, Alves AC, Visser F, Kvadsheim PH, Miller PJO. Responses of male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) to killer whale sounds: implications for anti-predator strategies. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1579. [PMID: 23545484 PMCID: PMC3613802 DOI: 10.1038/srep01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between individuals of different cetacean species are often observed in the wild. Killer whales (Orcinus orca) can be potential predators of many other cetaceans, and the interception of their vocalizations by unintended cetacean receivers may trigger anti-predator behavior that could mediate predator-prey interactions. We explored the anti-predator behaviour of five typically-solitary male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Norwegian Sea by playing sounds of mammal-feeding killer whales and monitoring behavioural responses using multi-sensor tags. Our results suggest that, rather than taking advantage of their large aerobic capacities to dive away from the perceived predator, sperm whales responded to killer whale playbacks by interrupting their foraging or resting dives and returning to the surface, changing their vocal production, and initiating a surprising degree of social behaviour in these mostly solitary animals. Thus, the interception of predator vocalizations by male sperm whales disrupted functional behaviours and mediated previously unrecognized anti-predator responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Curé
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, St. Andrews, UK. )
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16
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Rossington K, Benson T, Lepper P, Jones D. Eco-hydro-acoustic modeling and its use as an EIA tool. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 75:235-243. [PMID: 23932419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine life is of growing concern and assessment of impacts on marine life is often carried out using predictive underwater noise models to map zones of influence for marine species. However, these models do not predict how a species may react to that noise. In this paper, the results from a modified predictive underwater noise model and a hydrodynamic model are used in an individual based model (IBM) to predict the impacts on cod (Gadhus moruha) from noise generated during a pile driving event at an offshore wind farm in Liverpool Bay, UK. The model included cod which were sensitive to noise and those which were insensitive ('deaf'). Fish movement was from the outer bay into the Dee Estuary, a known feeding ground. The IBM indicated that the cod which could hear took up to 7 days longer to reach their destination than the cod which were deaf. This technique could be used during the consenting process for offshore projects to better understand the potential impact on marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Benson
- HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Paul Lepper
- Sir David Davies Building, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire E11 3TU, UK
| | - Diane Jones
- HR Wallingford, Howbery Park, Wallingford, OX10 8BA, UK.
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17
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Doksæter L, Handegard NO, Godø OR, Kvadsheim PH, Nordlund N. Behavior of captive herring exposed to naval sonar transmissions (1.0-1.6 kHz) throughout a yearly cycle. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 131:1632-1642. [PMID: 22352533 DOI: 10.1121/1.3675944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, is a hearing specialist, and several studies have demonstrated strong responses to man-made noise, for example, from an approaching vessel. To avoid negative impacts from naval sonar operations, a set of studies of reaction patters of herring to low-frequency (1.0-1.5 kHz) naval sonar signals has been undertaken. This paper presents herring reactions to sonar signals and other stimuli when kept in captivity under detailed acoustic and video monitoring. Throughout the experiment, spanning three seasons of a year, the fish did not react significantly to sonar signals from a passing frigate, at received root-mean-square sound-pressure level (SPL) up to 168 dB re 1 μPa. In contrast, the fish did exhibit a significant diving reaction when exposed to other sounds, with a much lower SPL, e.g., from a two-stroke engine. This shows that the experimental setup is sensitive to herring reactions when occurring. The lack of herring reaction to sonar signals is consistent with earlier in situ behavioral studies. The complexity of the behavioral reactions in captivity underline the need for better understanding of the causal relationship between stimuli and reaction patterns of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Doksæter
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Behavioral Responses of Captive Herring to Sonar Signals (1-1.6 kHz) of a Naval Frigate Throughout a Yearly Cycle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 730:379-81. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7311-5_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Beck S, Kuningas S, Esteban R, Foote AD. The influence of ecology on sociality in the killer whale (Orcinus orca). Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Slabbekoorn H, Bouton N, van Opzeeland I, Coers A, ten Cate C, Popper AN. A noisy spring: the impact of globally rising underwater sound levels on fish. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:419-27. [PMID: 20483503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The underwater environment is filled with biotic and abiotic sounds, many of which can be important for the survival and reproduction of fish. Over the last century, human activities in and near the water have increasingly added artificial sounds to this environment. Very loud sounds of relatively short exposure, such as those produced during pile driving, can harm nearby fish. However, more moderate underwater noises of longer duration, such as those produced by vessels, could potentially impact much larger areas, and involve much larger numbers of fish. Here we call attention to the urgent need to study the role of sound in the lives of fish and to develop a better understanding of the ecological impact of anthropogenic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Slabbekoorn
- Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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