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Wei C, Houser D, Erbe C, Mátrai E, Ketten DR, Finneran JJ. Does rotation increase the acoustic field of view? Comparative models based on CT data of a live dolphin versus a dead dolphin. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 18:035006. [PMID: 36917857 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/acc43d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rotational behaviour has been observed when dolphins track or detect targets, however, its role in echolocation is unknown. We used computed tomography data of one live and one recently deceased bottlenose dolphin, together with measurements of the acoustic properties of head tissues, to perform acoustic property reconstruction. The anatomical configuration and acoustic properties of the main forehead structures between the live and deceased dolphins were compared. Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to simulate the generation and propagation of echolocation clicks, to compute their waveforms and spectra in both near- and far-fields, and to derive echolocation beam patterns. Modelling results from both the live and deceased dolphins were in good agreement with click recordings from other, live, echolocating individuals. FEA was also used to estimate the acoustic scene experienced by a dolphin rotating 180° about its longitudinal axis to detect fish in the far-field at elevation angles of -20° to 20°. The results suggest that the rotational behaviour provides a wider insonification area and a wider receiving area. Thus, it may provide compensation for the dolphin's relatively narrow biosonar beam, asymmetries in sound reception, and constraints on the pointing direction that are limited by head movement. The results also have implications for examining the accuracy of FEA in acoustic simulations using recently deceased specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wei
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Dorian Houser
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, #200, San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Eszter Mátrai
- Research Department, Ocean Park, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Darlene R Ketten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - James J Finneran
- United States Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific Code 56710, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, CA 92152, United States of America
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Wei C, Hoffmann-Kuhnt M, Au WWL, Ho AZH, Matrai E, Feng W, Ketten DR, Zhang Y. Possible limitations of dolphin echolocation: a simulation study based on a cross-modal matching experiment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6689. [PMID: 33758216 PMCID: PMC7988039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolphins use their biosonar to discriminate objects with different features through the returning echoes. Cross-modal matching experiments were conducted with a resident bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Four types of objects composed of different materials (water-filled PVC pipes, air-filled PVC pipes, foam ball arrays, and PVC pipes wrapped in closed-cell foam) were used in the experiments, respectively. The size and position of the objects remained the same in each case. The data collected in the experiment showed that the dolphin’s matching accuracy was significantly different across the cases. To gain insight into the underlying mechanism in the experiments, we used finite element methods to construct two-dimensional target detection models of an echolocating dolphin in the vertical plane, based on computed tomography scan data. The acoustic processes of the click’s interaction with the objects and the surrounding media in the four cases were simulated and compared. The simulation results provide some possible explanations for why the dolphin performed differently when discriminating the objects that only differed in material composition in the previous matching experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wei
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Matthias Hoffmann-Kuhnt
- Acoustic Research Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Whitlow W L Au
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Abel Zhong Hao Ho
- Acoustic Research Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| | - Eszter Matrai
- Research Department, Ocean Park Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Wen Feng
- School of Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Darlene R Ketten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361100, People's Republic of China.,College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361100, People's Republic of China
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Feng W, Zhang Y, Wei C. A biosonar model of finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) for material composition discrimination of cylinders. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:1362. [PMID: 31472536 DOI: 10.1121/1.5122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research into the physical mechanism of odontocetes biosonar has made great progress in the past several decades, especially on wave propagation and biosonar beam formation in the foreheads of odontocetes. Although a number of experimental studies have been performed, the physical mechanism of odontocetes underwater target discrimination has not yet been fully understood. Previous research has experimentally studied the finless porpoise's target discrimination using cylinders different in material [Nakahara, Takemura, Koido, and Hiruda (1997). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 13(4), 639-649]. The authors proposed a computed tomography based finite element biosonar model to simulate the detailed process of a finless porpoise click emission and target detection in order to gain a further understanding of the underlying physical mechanism. The numerical solutions of resonance features of both steel and acrylic cylinders in this study are very consistent with the analytic solutions. Furthermore, the simulated outgoing clicks and echoes match the experiment results measured by Nakahara et al. The beam patterns of the scattered field were extracted and the resonance features of cylinders in different materials were analyzed. This method in this study could be used to study some other odontocetes that are inaccessible for experimental work and could also provide physical information for intelligent biomimetic underwater signal processors design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wei
- Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
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