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Cones SF, Jézéquel Y, Jarriel S, Aoki N, Brewer H, Collins J, Chauvaud L, Mooney TA. Offshore windfarm construction elevates metabolic rate and increases predation vulnerability of a key marine invertebrate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124709. [PMID: 39128604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
A global increase in offshore windfarm development is critical to our renewable energy future. Yet, widespread construction plans have generated substantial concern for impacts to co-occurring organisms and the communities they form. Pile driving construction, prominent in offshore windfarm development, produces among the highest amplitude sounds in the ocean creating widespread concern for a diverse array of taxa. However, studies addressing ecologically key species are generally lacking and most research is disparate, failing to integrate across response types (e.g., behavior, physiology, and ecological interactions), particularly in situ. The lack of integrative field studies presents major challenges to understand or mitigate actual impacts of offshore wind development. Here, we examined critical behavioral, physiological, and antipredator impacts of actual pile driving construction on the giant sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus). Benthic taxa including bivalves are of particular concern because they are sound-sensitive, cannot move appreciable distances away from the stressor, and support livelihoods as one of the world's most economically and socially important fisheries. Overall, pile driving sound impacted scallops across a series of behavioral and physiological assays. Sound-exposed scallops consistently reduced their valve opening (22%), resulting in lowered mantle water oxygen levels available to the gills. Repeated and rapid valve adductions led to a 56% increase in metabolic rates relative to pre-exposure baselines. Consequently, in response to predator stimuli, sound-exposed scallops displayed a suite of significantly weaker antipredator behaviors including fewer swimming events and shorter time-to-exhaustion. These results show aquatic construction activities can induce metabolic and ecologically relevant changes in a key benthic animal. As offshore windfarm construction accelerates globally, our field-based study highlights that spatial overlap with benthic taxa may cause substantial metabolic changes, alter important fisheries resources, and ultimately could lead to increased predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth F Cones
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Youenn Jézéquel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Sierra Jarriel
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Nadège Aoki
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hannah Brewer
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - John Collins
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UBO, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LIA BeBEST, UMR 6539, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - T Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Gigot M, Olivier F, Cervello G, Tremblay R, Mathias D, Meziane T, Chauvaud L, Bonnel J. Pile driving and drilling underwater sounds impact the metamorphosis dynamics of Pecten maximus (L., 1758) larvae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114969. [PMID: 37148589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century is to reduce carbon emissions and offshore wind turbines seem to be an efficient solution. However, during the installation phase, high levels of noise are emitted whose impacts remain not well known, particularly on benthic marine invertebrates displaying a bentho-planktonic life-cycle. For one century, larval settlement and subsequent recruitment has been considered as a key topic in ecology as it determines largely population renewal. Whereas several recent studies have shown that trophic pelagic but also natural soundscape cues could trigger bivalve settlement, the role of anthropogenic noise remains poorly documented. Therefore, we conducted experiments to assess potential interacting effects of diet and pile driving or drilling sounds on the great scallop (Pecten maximus) larval settlement. We demonstrate here that pile driving noise stimulates both growth and metamorphosis as well as it increases the total lipid content of competent larvae. Conversely, drilling noise reduces both survival and metamorphosis rates. For the first time, we provide evidence of noise impacts associated to MREs installation on P. maximus larvae and discuss about potential consequences on their recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gigot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Frédéric Olivier
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067, MNHN/SU/UNICAEN/UA/CNRS/IRD, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gauthier Cervello
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 2Z9, Canada.
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 38 rue Jim Sevellec, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Tarik Meziane
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) UMR 8067, MNHN/SU/UNICAEN/UA/CNRS/IRD, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539, Université de Brest, CNRS, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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Multiple exposure to thunderstorm-sound in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus): physiological response and stress recovery. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study investigated the impacts of multiple thunderstorm-sound exposures on growth and respiratory parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in order to evaluate the acoustic stress response. Thunderstorm-sound exposure for 3 hours triggered respiration speed with an alarm reflex and rapid elevation of opercula beat rate (OBR) and pectoral wing rate (PWR), which increased two-fold over the control with no sound treatment, and peaked (OBR, 71.33±5.86 beat/min; PWR, 75.00±3.61 beat/min) in 10 hours after initiation of sound. Thereafter, respiration rates declined over the following days and returned to near-initial levels (45.33±4.04 beat/min OBR and 43.00±1.00 beat/min PWR) by day-3, an indication that fish recovered from thunderstorm-sound stress after 3 days of exposure. However, the same reaction course was observed each time of multiple sound exposures, repeated 20 times in a row with 4 days intervals, underlining that fish could not attune to repeated thunderstorm-sound. Reduced voluntary feed intake as a result of anxiety and appetite loss was recorded in fish exposed to multiple thunderstorm-sound, resulting in 50 % less growth compared to those without sound treatment by the end of the 80 days experimentation. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor fish behavior during the 3 days stress-period after a thunderstorm event in order to prevent waste from excess feeding, that in turns may contribute environment-friendly aquaculture for the future and sustainability of the oceans.
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Premus VE, Abbot PA, Kmelnitsky V, Gedney CJ, Abbot TA. A wave glider-based, towed hydrophone array system for autonomous, real-time, passive acoustic marine mammal monitoring. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:1814. [PMID: 36182329 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An autonomous surface vehicle known as a wave glider, instrumented with a low-power towed hydrophone array and embedded digital signal processor, is demonstrated as a viable low-noise system for the passive acoustic monitoring of marine mammals. Other key design elements include high spatial resolution beamforming on a 32-channel towed hydrophone array, deep array deployment depth, vertical motion isolation, and bandwidth-efficient real-time acoustic data transmission. Using at-sea data collected during a simultaneous deployment of three wave glider-based acoustic detection systems near Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary in September 2019, the capability of a low-frequency towed hydrophone array to spatially reject noise and to resolve baleen whale vocalizations from anthropogenic acoustic clutter is demonstrated. In particular, mean measured array gain of 15.3 dB at the aperture design frequency results in a post-beamformer signal-to-noise ratio that significantly exceeds that of a single hydrophone. Further, it is shown that with overlapping detections on multiple collaborating systems, precise localization of vocalizing individuals is achievable at long ranges. Last, model predictions showing a 4× detection range, or 16× area coverage, advantage of a 32-channel towed array over a single hydrophone against the North Atlantic right whale upcall are presented for the continental shelf environment south of Martha's Vineyard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E Premus
- Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 5 Militia Drive, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
| | - Philip A Abbot
- Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 5 Militia Drive, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
| | - Vitaly Kmelnitsky
- Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 5 Militia Drive, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
| | - Charles J Gedney
- Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 5 Militia Drive, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
| | - Ted A Abbot
- Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 5 Militia Drive, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
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Schwardt M, Pilger C, Gaebler P, Hupe P, Ceranna L. Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Seismic, Hydroacoustic, and Infrasonic Waves: Waveforms and Spectral Characteristics (and Their Applicability for Sensor Calibration). SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS 2022; 43:1265-1361. [PMID: 35911621 PMCID: PMC9309596 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-022-09713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The record of seismic, hydroacoustic, and infrasonic waves is essential to detect, identify, and localize sources of both natural and anthropogenic origin. To guarantee traceability and inter-station comparability, as well as an estimation of the measurement uncertainties leading to a better monitoring of natural disasters and environmental aspects, suitable measurement standards and reliable calibration procedures of sensors, especially in the low-frequency range down to 0.01 Hz, are required. Most of all with regard to the design goal of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation's International Monitoring System, which requires the stations to be operational nearly 100% of the time, the on-site calibration during operation is of special importance. The purpose of this paper is to identify suitable excitation sources and elaborate necessary requirements for on-site calibrations. We give an extensive literature review of a large variety of anthropogenic and natural sources of seismic, hydroacoustic, and infrasonic waves, describe their most prominent features regarding signal and spectral characteristics, explicitly highlight some source examples, and evaluate the reviewed sources with respect to requirements for on-site calibrations such as frequency bandwidth, signal properties as well as the applicability in terms of cost-benefit. According to our assessment, earthquakes stand out across all three waveform technologies as a good natural excitation signal meeting the majority of the requirements. Furthermore, microseisms and microbaroms allow a calibration at very low frequencies. We also find that in each waveform technique man-made controlled sources such as drop weights or air guns are in good agreement with the required properties, although limitations may arise regarding the practicability. Using these sources, procedures will be established allowing calibration without record interrupting, thereby improving data quality and the identification of treaty-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schwardt
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Pilger
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Gaebler
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Hupe
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Ceranna
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Song X, Wu H, Xiong W, Cai C. Numerical investigation of vibration and noise radiation of a water supply pipeline. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51489-51506. [PMID: 35243581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The vibration and noise radiation from underwater structures can be harmful for aquatic ecosystems, especially for endangered species which are sensitive to particle motion and sound pressure. In this study, a water supply pipeline was chosen to investigate the flow-induced vibration and underwater noise radiation. A finite element model was developed to predict the vibration of the pipeline-tunnel-soil coupling system using fluid-structure interaction analysis. Next, a three-demission boundary element acoustic model was developed to simulate underwater noise radiation and propagation. Parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of scouring depth on vibration and acoustic radiation. The results showed the flowing fluid-induced vibration produced broad band noise radiation, with dominant frequency range from 3 to 25 Hz. The sound pressure radiated from the model with once-in-a-century scouring depth was about 3 dB larger than the model with normal depth due to thinner sediment. The sourcing depth has significant influence on the noise distribution and radiation directivity. The simulated sound pressure level and water particle motion can exceed the threshold of some underwater species in certain frequency range, especially for the once-in-a-century scouring depth. The proposed methodology can be used for acoustic radiation prediction in further study to reduce the influence on aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Song
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wen Xiong
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Chunsheng Cai
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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7
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Guan S, Brookens T, Miner R. Acoustic characteristics from an in-water down-the-hole pile drilling activity. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:310. [PMID: 35105028 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sound generated by pile installation using a down-the-hole (DTH) hammer is not well documented and differs in character from sound generated by conventional impact and vibratory pile driving. This paper describes underwater acoustic characteristics from DTH pile drilling during the installation of 0.84-m shafts within 1.22-m steel piles in Ketchikan, Alaska. The median single-strike sound exposure levels were 138 and 142 dB re 1 μPa2s at 10 m for each of the two piles, with cumulative sound exposure levels of 185 and 193 dB re 1 μPa2s at 10 m, respectively. The sound levels measured at Ketchikan were significantly lower than previous studies, and the sound was determined to be non-impulsive in this study as compared to impulsive in previous studies. These differences likely result from the DTH hammer not making direct contact with the pile, as had been the case in previous studies. Therefore, we suggest using the term DTH pile drilling to distinguish from DTH pile driving when the hammer strikes the pile. Further research is needed to investigate DTH piling techniques and associated sound-generating mechanisms and to differentiate the various types of sound emitted, which has important implications for the underwater sound regulatory community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Guan
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Sterling, Virginia 20166, USA
| | | | - Robert Miner
- Robert Miner Dynamic Testing of Alaska Inc., Manchester, Washington 98353, USA
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8
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Popper AN, Hice-Dunton L, Jenkins E, Higgs DM, Krebs J, Mooney A, Rice A, Roberts L, Thomsen F, Vigness-Raposa K, Zeddies D, Williams KA. Offshore wind energy development: Research priorities for sound and vibration effects on fishes and aquatic invertebrates. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:205. [PMID: 35105040 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are substantial knowledge gaps regarding both the bioacoustics and the responses of animals to sounds associated with pre-construction, construction, and operations of offshore wind (OSW) energy development. A workgroup of the 2020 State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy identified studies for the next five years to help stakeholders better understand potential cumulative biological impacts of sound and vibration to fishes and aquatic invertebrates as the OSW industry develops. The workgroup identified seven short-term priorities that include a mix of primary research and coordination efforts. Key research needs include the examination of animal displacement and other behavioral responses to sound, as well as hearing sensitivity studies related to particle motion, substrate vibration, and sound pressure. Other needs include: identification of priority taxa on which to focus research; standardization of methods; development of a long-term highly instrumented field site; and examination of sound mitigation options for fishes and aquatic invertebrates. Effective assessment of potential cumulative impacts of sound and vibration on fishes and aquatic invertebrates is currently precluded by these and other knowledge gaps. However, filling critical gaps in knowledge will improve our understanding of possible sound-related impacts of OSW energy development to populations and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Lyndie Hice-Dunton
- Responsible Offshore Science Alliance, 1050 Connecticut Avenue NW #65036, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Edward Jenkins
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, Maine 04103, USA
| | - Dennis M Higgs
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Justin Krebs
- AKRF, 7250 Parkway Drive, Suite 210, Hanover, Maryland 21076, USA
| | - Aran Mooney
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
| | - Aaron Rice
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Louise Roberts
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Kathy Vigness-Raposa
- INSPIRE Environmental, 513 Broadway, Suite 314, Newport, Rhode Island 02840, USA
| | - David Zeddies
- JASCO Applied Sciences, 8630 Fenton Street, Suite 218, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
| | - Kathryn A Williams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, Maine 04103, USA
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Hawkins AD, Hazelwood RA, Popper AN, Macey PC. Substrate vibrations and their potential effects upon fishes and invertebrates. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2782. [PMID: 33940912 DOI: 10.1121/10.0004773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the nature of substrate vibration within aquatic environments where seismic interface waves may travel along the surface of the substrate, generating high levels of particle motion. There are, however, few data on the ambient levels of particle motion close to the seabed and within the substrates of lakes and rivers. Nor is there information on the levels and the characteristics of the particle motion generated by anthropogenic sources in and on the substrate, which may have major effects upon fishes and invertebrates, all of which primarily detect particle motion. We therefore consider how to monitor substrate vibration and describe the information gained from modeling it. Unlike most acoustic modeling, we treat the substrate as a solid. Furthermore, we use a model where the substrate stiffness increases with depth but makes use of a wave that propagates with little or no dispersion. This shows the presence of higher levels of particle motion than those predicted from the acoustic pressures, and we consider the possible effects of substrate vibration upon fishes and invertebrates. We suggest that research is needed to examine the actual nature of substrate vibration and its effects upon aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Patrick C Macey
- PACSYS Ltd., Strelley Hall, Nottingham NG8 6PE, United Kingdom
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10
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Guan S, Miner R. Underwater noise characterization of down-the-hole pile driving activities off Biorka Island, Alaska. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111664. [PMID: 33181939 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although down-the-hole (DTH) pile driving is increasingly used for in-water pile installation, the characteristics of underwater noise from DTH pile driving is largely undocumented and unstudied. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the noise characteristics during DTH pile driving of two steel pipe piles in shallow waters off southeast Alaska. The results showed that single-strike sound exposure levels measured at 10 m were 147 and 145 dB re 1 μPa2s with a total of 21,742 and 38,631 hammer strikes, with cumulative sound exposure levels to install each pile at 192 and 191 dB re 1 μPa2s, respectively. Though noise levels from a single strike was lower than impact pile driving of a similar pile, the cumulative sound exposure levels are likely comparable due to the much higher striking rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Guan
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA.
| | - Robert Miner
- Robert Miner Dynamic Testing of Alaska Inc., 2288 Colchester Drive East, Manchester, WA 98353, USA
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11
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Thomsen F, Erbe C, Hawkins A, Lepper P, Popper AN, Scholik-Schlomer A, Sisneros J. Introduction to the special issue on the effects of sound on aquatic life. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:934. [PMID: 32873007 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic (man-made) underwater sound on aquatic life have become an important environmental issue. One of the focal ways to present and to share knowledge on the topic has been the international conference on The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life ("Aquatic Noise"). The conferences have brought together people from diverse interests and backgrounds to share information and ideas directed at understanding and solving the challenges of the potential effects of sound on aquatic life. The papers published here and in a related special issue of Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics present a good overview of the many topics and ideas covered at the meeting. Indeed, the growth in studies on anthropogenic sound since the first meeting in 2007 reflects the increasing use of oceans, lakes, rivers, and other waterways by humans. However, there are still very substantial knowledge gaps about the effects of sound on all aquatic animals, and these gaps lead to there being a substantial need for a better understanding of the sounds produced by various sources and how these sounds may affect animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Erbe
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Anthony Hawkins
- The Aquatic Noise Trust, Kincraig, Blairs, Aberdeen, AB12 5YT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lepper
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amy Scholik-Schlomer
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
| | - Joseph Sisneros
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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12
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Müller RAJ, von Benda-Beckmann AM, Halvorsen MB, Ainslie MA. Application of kurtosis to underwater sound. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:780. [PMID: 32872988 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Regulations for underwater anthropogenic noise are typically formulated in terms of peak sound pressure, root-mean-square sound pressure, and (weighted or unweighted) sound exposure. Sound effect studies on humans and other terrestrial mammals suggest that in addition to these metrics, the impulsiveness of sound (often quantified by its kurtosis β) is also related to the risk of hearing impairment. Kurtosis is often used to distinguish between ambient noise and transients, such as echolocation clicks and dolphin whistles. A lack of standardization of the integration interval leads to ambiguous kurtosis values, especially for transient signals. In the current research, kurtosis is applied to transient signals typical for high-power underwater noise. For integration time (t2-t1), the quantity (t2-t1)/β is shown to be a robust measure of signal duration, closely related to the effective signal duration, τeff for sounds from airguns, pile driving, and explosions. This research provides practical formulas for kurtosis of impulsive sounds and compares kurtosis between measurements of transient sounds from different sources.
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Abstract
The growing demand for renewable energy supply stimulates a drastic increase in the deployment rate of offshore wind energy. Offshore wind power generators are usually supported by large foundation piles that are driven into the seabed with hydraulic impact hammers or vibratory devices. The pile installation process, which is key to the construction of every new wind farm, is hindered by a serious by-product: the underwater noise pollution. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art computational methods to predict the underwater noise emission by the installation of foundation piles offshore including the available noise mitigation strategies. Future challenges in the field are identified under the prism of the ever-increasing size of wind turbines and the emerging pile driving technologies.
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