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Varesco G, Pageaux B, Cattagni T, Sarcher A, Martinent G, Doron J, Jubeau M. Fatigue in elite fencing: Effects of a simulated competition. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2250-2260. [PMID: 37574844 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The fatigue induced by fencing remains scarcely investigated. We aimed to investigate both objective (neuromuscular performance fatigability) and subjective (perceived fatigue, effort, and workload) manifestations of fatigue in elite fencers following a five-bout simulated competition. Changes in countermovement jump height, knee extensors maximal isometric torque, rate of torque development, voluntary activation, and contractile response to muscular electrical stimulation were measured in 29 elite fencers [12 epee (6 women), 11 saber (5 women), and 6 foil]. Perceived fatigue and effort were evaluated with visual analog scales, and the perceived workload with the NASA Task Load Index scale. During the competition, maximal torque and rate of torque development decreased by 1.6% (p = 0.017) and 2.4% (p < 0.001) per bout, respectively. Perceived fatigue before each bout increased (12% per bout), with similar values observed at the end of all bouts (bout × period interaction: p < 0.001). Perceived effort increased during the bouts (10% per period, p < 0.001) and during the competition (3% per bout, p = 0.011). Perceived mental demand increased during the competition (2% per bout, p = 0.024). These results suggest that elite fencers needed to increase the allocation of mental rather than physical resources to the task to counterbalance the deleterious effect of fatigue on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- Université de Montréal, École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, Canada
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Sarcher
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Martinent
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Laboratory on Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport (LVIS), EA 7428, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Doron
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Nantes Université, Laboratory Movement - Interactions - Performance (MIP), UR4334, Nantes, France
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Jung JY. Physical giftedness/talent: A systematic review of the literature on identification and development. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961624. [PMID: 36092065 PMCID: PMC9460770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a systematic review was undertaken of the international scholarly literature on the identification and development of giftedness/talent in the physical domain, to establish the scope of current knowledge in the area. To identify relevant research, a search that involved the creation of a search string and the manual examination of the titles and abstracts of potentially relevant research, was conducted using two databases-Web of Science Core Collection and SportDiscus-and six inclusion/exclusion criteria (i.e., relevance to identification or development of physical giftedness/talent, an empirical study, publication in a reputable academic peer-reviewed journal, publication from 2000 to 2021, an English language publication, and authorship by scholars based in any part of the world). The 101 journal articles that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were analyzed for key details, including the year of publication, methodological approaches, participants, and major findings. The five broad themes that emerged from the findings of these articles related to conceptions of physical giftedness/talent, identification characteristics/criteria, factors associated with identification, identification methods, and talent development interventions. An outline and discussion of the key issues and trends in the research, along with some recommendations for future research, conclude the systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yup Jung
- School of Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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De Giorgio A, Iuliano E, Turner A, Millevolte C, Cular D, Ardigò LP, Padulo J. Validity and Reliability of a Light-Based Electronic Target for Testing Response Time in Fencers. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2636-2644. [PMID: 31009428 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT De Giorgio, A, Iuliano, E, Turner, A, Millevolte, C, Cular, D, Ardigò, LP, and Padulo, J. Validity and reliability of a light-based electronic target for testing response time in fencers. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2636-2644, 2021-Response time (RT) is a fencing fundamental sensorimotor skill. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the efficacy of a light-based electronic target in fencers, designed to measure and train this entity. Ninety-five fencers (M = 53; F = 42) were tested in regard to their RT, using a light-based electronic target, for 3 different attack types: simple attack, the lunge, and an attack after a 1.5-m thrust. All subjects were divided into elite vs. novice fencers. Elite fencers had national and international rankings, and were again divided with regard to used weapon: épéeists (n = 32; M = 19; F = 13) and foilists (n = 30; M = 13; F = 17). Measurement was evaluated for validity/reliability, sensitivity/specificity, and correlation. Reliability was high for all attack types (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.94-0.96). Lower RTs were found in males for 2 attack types with good sensitivity (81-93%)/specificity (50-91%) for all attack types. Elite fencers responded faster than novice fencers for all attack types (p < 0.001), whereas elite males were faster than females for 2 attack types (p < 0.01). Lower RTs in females correlated with level for one attack type (r = 0.797, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the light-based electronic target system was found to be highly reliable and therefore could be used by fencing athletes as a further measure of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Anthony Turner
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Drazen Cular
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Luca P Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy ; and
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Sport Performance Lab, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Villiere A, Mason B, Parmar N, Maguire N, Holmes D, Turner A. The physical characteristics underpinning performance of wheelchair fencing athletes: A Delphi study of Paralympic coaches. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2006-2014. [PMID: 33947314 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1912454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheelchair fencing (WF) is a Paralympic sport which is practised by athletes with physical disabilities and is classified into three categories according to the degree of activity limitation the impairment causes in the sport. All Paralympic sports are requested to develop their own evidence-based classification system to enhance the confidence in the classification process; however, this is yet to be achieved in WF. Research within WF is scarce; therefore, the aim of this study was to reach expert consensus on the physical characteristics that underpin performance of athletes competing in the sport as this is known as one of the initial steps required to achieve an evidence-based classification system. Sixteen Paralympic WF coaches were invited to take part in a three-round Delphi study, with experts drawing consensus on qualities of speed, strength, power, flexibility and motor control of the trunk and fencing arm being associated with increased athletic success. The required qualities of the non-fencing arm led to diverging opinions across the expert panel. This study provides clear guidance of the physical qualities to be developed to maximize athletic performance while also providing the initial framework to guide future WF classification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villiere
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK.,International Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation, UK
| | - Barry Mason
- Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nimai Parmar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Niamh Maguire
- Psychology and Healthcare Services, The Priory Group, London, UK
| | - Danny Holmes
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony Turner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
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Krabben K, Orth D, van der Kamp J. Combat as an Interpersonal Synergy: An Ecological Dynamics Approach to Combat Sports. Sports Med 2020; 49:1825-1836. [PMID: 31502140 PMCID: PMC6851042 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In combat sports, athletes continuously co-adapt their behavior to that of the opponent. We consider this interactive aspect of combat to be at the heart of skilled performance, yet combat sports research often neglects or limits interaction between combatants. To promote a more interactive approach, the aim of this paper is to understand combat sports from the combined perspective of ecological psychology and dynamic systems. Accordingly, combat athletes are driven by perception of affordances to attack and defend. Two combatants in a fight self-organize into one interpersonal synergy, where the perceptions and actions of both athletes are coupled. To be successful in combat, performers need to manipulate and take advantage of the (in)stability of the system. Skilled performance in combat sports therefore requires brinkmanship: combatants need to be aware of their action boundaries and purposefully act in meta-stable regions on the limits of their capabilities. We review the experimental literature to provide initial support for a synergetic approach to combat sports. Expert combatants seem able to accurately perceive action boundaries for themselves and their opponent. Local-level behavior of individual combatants has been found to lead to spatiotemporal synchronization at the global level of a fight. Yet, a formal understanding of combat as a dynamic system starting with the identification of order and control parameters is still lacking. We conclude that the ecological dynamics perspective offers a promising approach to further our understanding of skilled performance in combat sports, as well as to assist coaches and athletes to promote optimal training and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Krabben
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominic Orth
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John van der Kamp
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behaviour and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Turner AN, Bishop C, Cree J, Carr P, McCann A, Bartholomew B, Halsted L. Building a High-Performance Model for Sport: A Human Development-Centered Approach. Strength Cond J 2019. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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