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Peng Y, Sun S, Wang Y, Qin YX, Qin D. Reliability and validity of "My Jump 2" application for countermovement jump free arm and interlimb jump symmetry in different sports of professional athletes. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17658. [PMID: 39006011 PMCID: PMC11244033 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vertical jumping is an important evaluation tool to measure muscle strength and power as well as lower limb symmetry. It is of practical importance and value to develop and utilize a portable and low-cost mobile application (APP) to evaluate jumping. The "My Jump 2" app is an iPhone camera-based application for measuring jumping movements, which is applied to the countermovement jump (CMJ) vertical jumps of the lower limbs of athletes in different sports. The validity of this application and previous versions applied to different forms of vertical jump tests has been preliminarily demonstrated in different population, which has an obvious progress in research. Therefore, the reliability and validity of the jump height, time of flight parameters and symmetry of the CMJ vertical jump of athletes in different sports are needed to be verified by more experiments. Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify whether "My Jump 2" can effectively and reliably assess jump height, flight practice and lower limb symmetry in CMJAM (countermovement jump free arm) tests in fencing, swimming and diving athletes. Methods Seventy-nine fencers, swimmers and divers with training experience participated in this study. They completed a total of three CMJAM vertical jump and lower limb symmetry tests in 1 day, while being assessed by using the "My Jump 2" application and a force platform. The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify reliability, while the Cronbach's alpha and coefficient of variation (CV%) was used to analyze the stability of the CMJAM vertical jump test over three jumps. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to verify the strength of the relationship between methods (i.e., concurrent validity), and the Bland-Altman plot was used to represent consistency, meanwhile, the t-test was used to determine the systematic bias between methods. Results Compared with the force platform, the cumulative height values of the total number of jumps (r = 0.999; p = 0.000), the cumulative time to vacate (r = 0.999; p = 0.000) for the CMJAM test obtained by the "My Jump 2" application, the height (ICC = 0.999-1, p = 0.000), the time to vacate flight (ICC = 0.999-1, p = 0.000), contact time symmetry (ICC = 0.976-0.994, p = 0.000), and flight time symmetry (ICC = 0.921-0.982, p = 0.000), respectively. Showed high correlation between the results of "my jump 2" app and the force platform. Conclusion The "My Jump 2" application is a valid tool to assess CMJAM vertical jump and lower limb symmetry in fencing, swimming and diving athletes with training experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Health Project, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Sports Science for Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaotong Sun
- School of Sport Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Nursing, Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya xuan Qin
- School of Sport Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Qin
- School of Sport Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
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Stojiljković N, Stanković D, Pelemiš V, Čokorilo N, Olanescu M, Peris M, Suciu A, Plesa A. Validity and reliability of the My Jump 2 app for detecting interlimb asymmetry in young female basketball players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1362646. [PMID: 38638447 PMCID: PMC11024327 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1362646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the My Jump 2 app for the assessment of interlimb jump asymmetry in young female basketball players. Methods Nine athletes (age 15 ± 0.9 years; weight 62.9 ± 5.8 kg; height 173.6 ± 6.1 cm) performed single-leg drop jumps (DJs) and both-leg drop jumps on a force plate (Kistler Quattro jump) and were simultaneously recorded on two smartphones using the My Jump 2 app. Jump height from flight time and contact time data were statistically analyzed to evaluate the validity of two different camera settings, drop jump performance, and interlimb jump asymmetry in basketball players. The testing was repeated after 1 week for test retest reliability. Results High test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.88] was observed in DJ height. High correlation between the force plate and the My Jump 2 app was observed in DJ height (r = 0.99) and DJ contact time (r = 0.98). For the interlimb jump height asymmetries, mean differences were 0.6 percentages for the My Jump 2 app and the force plate, respectively (p = 0.77). Inter-device reliability revealed almost perfect correlation for the DJ height (ICC = 0.99, r = 0.98). Conclusion The My Jump 2 app is a valid and reliable tool to assess drop jump performance and interlimb asymmetry in young female basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladan Pelemiš
- Teacher Education Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Čokorilo
- Faculty of Sport, Union University-Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihai Olanescu
- Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miruna Peris
- Faculty Industrial Engineering, Robotics and Production Management, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Suciu
- Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Plesa
- Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Uhlár Á, Ambrus M, Lacza Z. Dynamic valgus knee revealed with single leg jump tests in soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:461-470. [PMID: 36861880 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic valgus knee occurs in sports that involve jumps and landing such as soccer and pose an increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Visual estimation is biased by the athlete's body type, the experience of the evaluator and the movement phase at which the valgus is assessed - thus the result is highly variable. The aim of our study was to accurately assess dynamic knee positions during single and double leg tests through a video-based movement analysis system. METHODS Young soccer players (U15, N.=22) performed single leg squat, single leg jump, and double leg jump tests while the knee medio-lateral movement was monitored with a Kinect Azure camera. Jumping and landing phases of the movement were determined within the continuous recording of the knee medio-lateral position over the ankle and the hip vertical position. Kinect measurements were validated by Optojump (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). RESULTS Soccer players retained their predominantly varus knee positions in all phases of double-leg jumps, which was far less prominent in single leg tests. Interestingly, a marked dynamic valgus was observed in athletes who participated in traditional strengthening exercises, while this valgus shift was mostly prevented in those who participated in antivalgus training regimes. All these differences were only revealed during single leg tests, while the double leg jump tests masked all valgus tendencies. CONCLUSIONS We propose to use single-leg tests and movement analysis systems for evaluating dynamic valgus knee in athletes. These methods can reveal valgus tendencies even in soccer players who have a characteristic varus knee while standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Uhlár
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary -
| | - Mira Ambrus
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Lacza
- Research Center for Sports Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
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Reinker L, Bläsing D, Bierl R, Ulbricht S, Dendorfer S. Correlation of Acceleration Curves in Gravitational Direction for Different Body Segments during High-Impact Jumping Exercises. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2276. [PMID: 36850874 PMCID: PMC9967370 DOI: 10.3390/s23042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. However, in many cases, it can be very well prevented and counteracted with physical activity, especially high-impact exercises. Wearables have the potential to provide data that can help with continuous monitoring of patients during therapy phases or preventive exercise programs in everyday life. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measured acceleration data at different body positions compared to accelerations at the pelvis during different jumping exercises. Accelerations at the hips have been investigated in previous studies with regard to osteoporosis prevention. Data were collected using an IMU-based motion capture system (Xsens) consisting of 17 sensors. Forty-nine subjects were included in this study. The analysis shows the correlation between impacts and the corresponding drop height, which are dependent on the respective exercise. Very high correlations (0.83-0.94) were found between accelerations at the pelvis and the other measured segments at the upper body. The foot sensors provided very weak correlations (0.20-0.27). Accelerations measured at the pelvis during jumping exercises can be tracked very well on the upper body and upper extremities, including locations where smart devices are typically worn, which gives possibilities for remote and continuous monitoring of programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Reinker
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, OTH Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Bläsing
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rudolf Bierl
- Sensorik-ApplikationsZentrum, OTH Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabina Ulbricht
- Department of Prevention Research and Social Medicine, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dendorfer
- Laboratory for Biomechanics, OTH Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Jakšić D, Maričić S, Maksimović N, Bianco A, Sekulić D, Foretić N, Drid P. Effects of Additional Plyometric Training on the Jump Performance of Elite Male Handball Players: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032475. [PMID: 36767841 PMCID: PMC9915565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Handball is one of the most popular team sports around the world that has become physically very demanding, related to both competitions and daily training sessions. Optimal training programs are necessary to improve performance, especially when taking into account the frequency of jump shots (vertical jumps) and handball feints (changes of directions) during daily training. The main objective of the present study is to review the available literature systematically, and to determine what are the effects of additional plyometric training on handball players' vertical jump abilities. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, six studies were selected after a systematic search through four digital databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The available scientific articles show that plyometric training alone or in combination with standard handball training, lasting at least six weeks, and including two training sessions per week, contributes to improving the performance of elite- or national-level handball players. Plyometric training is recommended to improve performance, as well as to maintain explosive strength parameters during the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjan Jakšić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Stefan Maričić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Maksimović
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Damir Sekulić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Foretić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- High Performance Sport Center, Croatian Olympic Committee, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Optimizing the transition from the indoor to the beach season improves motor performance in elite beach handball players. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBeach handball athletes experience an overlap during their preparation phase for the beach and the indoor season for several weeks. This transition phase from playing on an indoor surface to a sand surface is crucial for players’ performance levels both on the sand and indoor surfaces, but coaches and athletes alike are concerned about possible performance impairments when training on a sand surface while still playing indoors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a specific transition phase from the indoor to the beach season in elite beach handball athletes. With 29 elite athletes participating in the study, we evaluated their jumping (countermovement and drop jump) and sprinting (5–10–20 m) performances and conducted a handball-specific agility test on both rigid and sand surfaces. In addition, we evaluated a drop long jump on a sand surface. Vertical jumping performance was analyzed using a 3D marker-based system on both rigid and sand surfaces under standardized laboratory conditions. All tests took place directly before and after a 6-week intervention program. The results showed that athletes in the intervention group significantly improved their performance in jumping (countermovement and drop long jump) compared to the control group. Furthermore, performance on a rigid surface was not only maintained for all tests but also significantly increased for the countermovement jump. Therefore, the intervention program is effective at improving performance during the transition from indoor to beach seasons without impairing indoor performance.
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Chen CH, Chang CK, Tseng WC, Chiu CH, Dai X, Ye X. Acute Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Sports Performance in Elite Male Collegiate Handball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2262-2267. [PMID: 35916749 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chen, CH, Chang, CK, Tseng, WC, Chiu, CH, Dai, X, and Ye, X. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on sports performance in elite male collegiate handball players. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2262-2267, 2022-This study aimed to examine the effects of 3 different warm-up protocols on subsequent sports performance in elite male collegiate handball players. Fifteen handball players (19.0 ± 2.4 years) completed 3 separated randomly sequenced experimental visits. During each visit, they started with different warm-up protocols (traditional warm-up [TRAD] vs. warm-up with core stability exercises [CORE] vs. warm-up with elastic band exercises [ELAS]) and completed with a series of randomly ordered sport-specific performance testing measurements: 30-m sprint, countermovement jump, medicine ball overhead forward throw, and standing and jump handball throw tests. Both CORE and ELAS protocols induced statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) on overall sports performance (sprint time, jump height, medicine ball throwing peak velocity and power, and handball throwing velocities), as compared to the TRAD. In addition, the ELAS protocol imposed small-to-medium effects (effect size range: 0.45-0.82), enhancing handball throwing velocity and medicine ball throwing performance comparing with the CORE. Sport-specific warm-up protocols that contain core stability or elastic band-based exercises likely induced subsequent performance enhancements (sprint, jump, and throw) in elite male collegiate handball players when compared with TRAD. Furthermore, including elastic band exercises in the warm-up protocol even induced superior upper-body performance enhancement (explosive power and handball throwing velocity) than other protocols. Therefore, preconditioning warm-up activities using elastic band-based exercises can be integrated into a traditional sport-specific warm-up protocol for elite collegiate handball players before competition or training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Sports Performance, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Km Chang
- Department of Ball Sports, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Dai
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan; and
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:541-548. [PMID: 34983022 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. METHODS In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 × 5 repetitions at 49%-72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 × 5 repetitions at 50%-60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). RESULTS Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g = 1.6), and drop-jump height (P = .02; g = 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical-jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.
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Assessing Interlimb Jump Asymmetry in Young Soccer Players: The My Jump 2 App. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:19-27. [PMID: 33075747 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jumps are important evaluation tools for muscle strength and power and for interlimb asymmetries. Different jump tests are well related to athletic performance, prediction of injury risk, and common motor gestures of several sports such as soccer. Low-cost mobile applications (apps) have gained popularity for this measure. The authors hypothesized that the My Jump 2 app would be a valid tool to assess drop-jump performance and interlimb asymmetry in soccer players. METHODS Eleven male soccer players took part in this study (18.2 [1.3] y, 69.9 [9.5] kg, 174 [6.6] cm). The athletes performed each test twice on a force plate (gold-standard method), while the jumps were recorded through the mobile app. Measures with the My Jump 2 app were applied by 2 evaluators, independently and in duplicate (interrater and intrarater reliability). The agreement analysis between both evaluations was done using an intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Compared with the force platform, the app tested showed excellent reliability for the drop jump's flight time and interlimb asymmetry (intraclass correlation coefficient > .98). For interlimb contact-time asymmetry, the values were 18.4 (9.9) and 19.1 (9.9) milliseconds for the My Jump 2 app and the force platform, respectively (P = .88). For flight-time asymmetries, the values were 389.7 (114.3) and 396.8 (112.5) milliseconds for the My Jump 2 app and the force platform, respectively (P = .88). CONCLUSION The My Jump 2 app is a valid tool to assess drop-jump and interlimb asymmetry in soccer players.
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Influence of Coaching Condition on the Magnitude and Reliability of Drop Jump Height in Men and Women. Motor Control 2020; 25:167-181. [PMID: 33348318 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of different coaching conditions on the magnitude and reliability of drop jump height in men and women. Nineteen collegiate sport sciences students (10 men) performed two sets of 10 drop jumps under four different coaching conditions: neutral, augmented feedback, external focus of attention, and a combination of augmented feedback and external focus of attention. The augmented feedback condition revealed a significantly higher jump height than the neutral condition (p = .002), while no significant differences were observed for the remaining conditions (p ≥ .38). The external focus of attention condition was more reliable than the neutral and augmented feedback conditions (coefficient of variationratio ≥ 1.15), while no differences were observed between the remaining conditions. These results suggest that both the magnitude and reliability of the drop jump height performance are influenced by the coaching condition.
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Thiele D, Prieske O, Lesinski M, Granacher U. Effects of Equal Volume Heavy-Resistance Strength Training Versus Strength Endurance Training on Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance in Young Elite Female Rowers. Front Physiol 2020; 11:888. [PMID: 32848844 PMCID: PMC7396593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strength training is an important means for performance development in young rowers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 9-week equal volume heavy-resistance strength training (HRST) versus strength endurance training (SET) in addition to regular rowing training on primary (e.g., maximal strength/power) and secondary outcomes (e.g., balance) in young rowers. Twenty-six female elite adolescent rowers were assigned to an HRST (n = 12; age: 13.2 ± 0.5 yrs; maturity-offset: +2.0 ± 0.5 yrs) or a SET group (n = 14; age: 13.1 ± 0.5 yrs; maturity-offset: +2.1 ± 0.5 yrs). HRST and SET comprised lower- (i.e., leg press/knee flexion/extension), upper-limbs (i.e., bench press/pull; lat-pull down), and complex exercises (i.e., rowing ergometer). HRST performed four sets with 12 repetitions per set at an intensity of 75–95% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM). SET conducted four sets with 30 repetitions per set at 50–60% of the 1-RM. Training volume was matched for overall repetitions × intensity × training per week. Pre-post training, tests were performed for the assessment of primary [i.e., maximal strength (e.g., bench pull/knee flexion/extension 1-RM/isometric handgrip test), muscle power (e.g., medicine-ball push test, triple hop, drop jump, and countermovement jump), anaerobic endurance (400-m run), sport-specific performance (700-m rowing ergometer trial)] and secondary outcomes [dynamic balance (Y-balance test), change-of-direction (CoD) speed (multistage shuttle-run test)]. Adherence rate was >87% and one athlete of each group dropped out. Overall, 24 athletes completed the study and no test or training-related injuries occurred. Significant group × time interactions were observed for maximal strength, muscle power, anaerobic endurance, CoD speed, and sport-specific performance (p ≤ 0.05; 0.45 ≤ d ≤ 1.11). Post hoc analyses indicated larger gains in maximal strength and muscle power following HRST (p ≤ 0.05; 1.81 ≤ d ≤ 3.58) compared with SET (p ≤ 0.05; 1.04 ≤ d ≤ 2.30). Furthermore, SET (p ≤ 0.01; d = 2.08) resulted in larger gains in sport-specific performance compared with HRST (p < 0.05; d = 1.3). Only HRST produced significant pre-post improvements for anaerobic endurance and CoD speed (p ≤ 0.05; 1.84 ≤ d ≤ 4.76). In conclusion, HRST in addition to regular rowing training was more effective than SET to improve selected measures of physical fitness (i.e., maximal strength, muscle power, anaerobic endurance, and CoD speed) and SET was more effective than HRST to enhance sport-specific performance gains in female elite young rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Thiele
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Exercise and Movement, University of Applied Sciences for Sports and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Lesinski
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Hammami M, Gaamouri N, Suzuki K, Shephard RJ, Chelly MS. Effects of Upper and Lower Limb Plyometric Training Program on Components of Physical Performance in Young Female Handball Players. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1028. [PMID: 33013446 PMCID: PMC7461999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the effects of a 10-week combined upper and lower limb plyometric training (ULLPT) programs on components of physical performance in young female handball players. Methods Participants aged 15.8 ± 0.2 years were randomly assigned between the experimental (EG; n = 17) and control (CG; n = 17) groups. Two-way analyses of performance (group × time) assessed changes in handgrip force, back extensor strength; medicine ball throwing, 30-m sprint times, change of direction (CoD) [Modified Illinois test (Illinois-MT)], four jumping tests [squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), CMJ with arms (CMJA) and 5 jump test (5JT), static and dynamic balance, and repeated sprint T-test scores (RSTT)]. Results After 10 weeks of plyometric training (two sessions per week), group × time interactions showed significant changes in EG relative to CG in right and left handgrip force, back extensor strength and medicine ball throwing [p < 0.001, d = 1.51 (large); p < 0.0001, d = 0.85 (large); p < 0.001, d = 0.90 (large); p < 0.0001, d = 0.52 (medium), respectively]. Group × time interactions also showed improvements of EG relative to CG in sprint times [5 m (p = 0.02, d = 0.80 (large)); 10 m (p < 0.0001, d = 1.00 (large)); 20 m (p = 0.02, d = 1.41 (large)); and 30 m (p = 0.02, d = 2.60 (large))], CoD [Illinois-MT (p < 0.001, d = 1.58 (large))] and jumping [(SJ, CMJ, CMJA, and 5JT, p = 0.001, d = 0.87 (large); p < 0.001, d = 1.17 (large); p < 0.001, d = 1.15 (large); and p = 0.006, d = 0.71 (medium)) respectively]. Further, all RSTT scores (best time, mean time, total time, and fatigue index) improved significantly in the experimental group, with group × time interactions varying between p < 0.001 and p = 0.049 (d value large to medium). However, balance did not differ significantly between EG and CG. Conclusion We conclude that 10 weeks of ULLPT improved many measures of physical performance in young female handball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrez Hammami
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nawel Gaamouri
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Roy J Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
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13
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Molina-López J, Barea Zarzuela I, Sáez-Padilla J, Tornero-Quiñones I, Planells E. Mediation Effect of Age Category on the Relationship between Body Composition and the Physical Fitness Profile in Youth Handball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2350. [PMID: 32244283 PMCID: PMC7177961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the differences in body composition and the physical and physiological profile of handball youths across age categories, and (2) to analyze the mediation effect of different categories on the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and specific physical handball capacities. Fifty-four young handball players aged 13 to 18 were assigned to U14 (13- and 14-year-olds), U16 (15- and 16-year-olds), and U18 (17- and 18-year-olds). Body composition was measured using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Inbody®, 230). Handball physical fitness was assessed using handgrip force, jumping tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with aimed arms), a 30-m sprint, a change-of-direction test (T-half agility test and modified Illinois test), and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Simple mediation analysis was performed to analyze whether the category mediated the relationship between lean mass or fat mass and physical capacities. No significant differences were observed according to category for the majority of the measured parameters, except for height, lean body mass, and arm span. Lean body mass increased significantly as player category increased (p < 0.05; ∆ = 4.66-9.38; effect size (ES) = 0.96-1.92). The increase in handball category enhanced the majority of the physical capacities evaluated; however, these differences were reduced between the U16 vs. U18 categories. The indirect mediation effect suggests that handball category mediated the relationship between lean mass and upper and lower strength, velocity, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In contrast, an indirect effect suggests that category mediated the relationship between fat mass only in agility and cardiorespiratory fitness. We conclude that U18s showed better body composition parameters, as well as better physical performance scores. Handball category clearly mediated the relationship between body composition through lean mass and fat mass and the physiological profile in handball youth, but lean mass proved to be more relevant when mediating physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (I.B.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (I.T.-Q.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
| | - Iván Barea Zarzuela
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (I.B.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (I.T.-Q.)
| | - Jesús Sáez-Padilla
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (I.B.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (I.T.-Q.)
| | - Inmaculada Tornero-Quiñones
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (I.B.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (I.T.-Q.)
| | - Elena Planells
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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14
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Effect of Drop Height on Vertical Jumping Performance in Pre-, Circa-, and Post-Pubertal Boys and Girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 32:23-29. [PMID: 31514168 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2019-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of drop height on vertical jumping performance in children with respect to sex and maturity status. METHODS Thirty-seven pre-pubertal, 71 circa-pubertal, and 69 post-pubertal boys and girls performed, in a randomized order, 2 squat jumps, 2 countermovement jumps, and 2 drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 cm. The trial with the best jump height in each test was used for analysis. RESULTS No significant sex × maturity status × jump type interaction for jump height was observed. However, on average, the children jumped higher in the countermovement jump than in squat jump and DJs (+1.2 and +1.6 cm, P < .001, respectively), with no significant differences between DJs and squat jumps or between DJs when increasing drop heights. Regarding DJs, 59.3% of the participants jumped higher from drop heights of 20 to 40 cm. CONCLUSIONS Children, independent of sex and maturity status, performed best in the countermovement jump, and no performance gain was obtained by dropping from heights of 20 to 70 cm. During maturation, the use of drop heights between 20 and 40 cm may be considered in plyometric training, but the optimum height must be obtained individually.
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Effects of a Combined Upper- and Lower-Limb Plyometric Training Program on High-Intensity Actions in Female U14 Handball Players. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:465-472. [PMID: 31310989 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of a 9-week plyometric training program on the sprint times (5, 10, 20, and 30 m), change-of-direction speed (modified T test and modified Illinois test), jumping (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms, and horizontal 5-jump test), upper-body strength (right and left handgrip, back extensor strength, and medicine ball throw), and balance (Y and stork balance tests) of female handball players. METHODS Athletes were randomly divided into experimental (n = 21; age = 13.5 [0.3] y) and control (n = 20; age = 13.3 [0.3] y) groups. Training exercises and matches were performed together, but the experimental group replaced a part of their normal regimen by biweekly upper- and lower-limb plyometric training. RESULTS Both groups improved performance, but to a greater extent in the experimental group compared with controls for 20- and 30-m sprint times (Δ% = 9.6, P < .05, d = 0.557 and Δ% = 20.9, P < .001, d = 1.07, respectively), change of direction (T test: P < .01, Δ% = 14.5, d = 0.993 and Illinois test: P < .01, Δ% = 7.9, d = 0.769), vertical and horizontal jumping (P < .05), all measures of upper-limb strength (P < .001), and left-leg stork balance (P < .001, Δ% = 49.9, d = 1.07). CONCLUSIONS A plyometric training program allows female junior handball players to improve important components of their physical performance.
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Dörmann U, Wirtz N, Micke F, Morat M, Kleinöder H, Donath L. The Effects of Superimposed Whole-Body Electromyostimulation During Short-Term Strength Training on Physical Fitness in Physically Active Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31316389 PMCID: PMC6610316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of short-term strength training with and without superimposed whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on straight sprinting speed (SSS), change of direction speed (CODS), vertical and horizontal jumping, as well as on strength and power in physically active females. Twenty-two active female participants (n = 22; mean ± SD: age: 20.5 ± 2.3 years; height: 171.9 ± 5.5 cm; body mass: 64.0 ± 8.2 kg; strength training experience 5.1 ± 3.6 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: strength training (S) or strength training with superimposed WB-EMS (S+E). Both groups trained twice a week over a period of 4 weeks and differed in the application of free weights or WB-EMS during four strength (e.g., split squats, glute-ham raises) and five sprinting and jumping exercises (e.g., side and box jumps, skippings). The WB-EMS impulse intensity was adjusted to 70% of individual maximal sustainable pain. SSS was tested via 30-m sprinting, CODS by a T-run, vertical and horizontal jumping using four different jump tests at pre-, post-, and retests. Maximal strength (Fmax) and power (Pmax) testing procedures were conducted on the Leg Press (LP), Leg Extension (LE), and Leg Curl (LC) machine. Significant time × group interaction effects revealed significant decreases of contact time of the Drop Jump and split time of CODS (p ≤ 0.043; ηp2 = 0.15–0.25) for S (≤ 11.6%) compared to S+E (≤ 5.7%). Significant time effects (p < 0.024; ηp2 = 0.17–0.57) were observed in both groups for SSS (S+E: ≤6.3%; S: ≤8.0%) and CODS (S+E: ≤1.8%; S: ≤2.0%) at retest, for jump test performances (S+E: ≤13.2%; S: ≤9.2%) as well as Fmax and Pmax for LE (S+E: ≤13.5%; S: ≤13.3%) and LC (S+E: ≤18.2%; S: ≤26.7%) at post- and retests. The findings of this study indicate comparable effects of short-term strength training with and without superimposed WB-EMS on physical fitness in physically active females. Therefore, WB-EMS training could serve as a reasonable but not superior alternative to classic training regimes in female exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Dörmann
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wirtz
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Micke
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mareike Morat
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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