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Tamujo AC, Flores HN, Cetolin T, Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Haupenthal A, Baroni BM. Creatine kinase concentration on the second post-match day is not associated with risk of subsequent muscle injury in professional football players: a four-season cohort study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:271-276. [PMID: 37548364 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2246175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between creatine kinase (CK) concentration following official matches and the risk of subsequent muscle injury in professional male football (soccer) players. METHODS Blood samples were collected on the second post-match day for CK analysis over four consecutive seasons in a professional football club. Players were then followed for five days to observe any occurrence of indirect muscle injury (structural or functional in nature). Players exposed to at least 45 minutes in two consecutive matches within seven days were considered valid cases for analysis. RESULTS Eighty players participated in the study, generating 1,656 cases eligible for analysis, of which 229 resulted in muscle injuries. The hamstrings were the most frequently injured muscle group (54%), followed by the adductor (21%), triceps surae (19%), quadriceps (5%), and psoas (1%). While CK concentration was higher in muscle injury cases [783 ± 507 U/L (95%CI, 717 to 849; min-max, 105-2,800)] compared with uninjured cases [688 ± 446 U/L (95%CI, 665 to 711; min-max, 100-2,950)], it was not an accurate predictor of subsequent muscle injury risk in professional football players (sensitivity = 56%; specificity = 55%; odds ratio = 1.00; area under curve = 0.557). CONCLUSION CK concentration on the second post-match day cannot be used to effectively screen subsequent muscle injury risk in professional male football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Camillo Tamujo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hebert Nunes Flores
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cetolin
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Haupenthal
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Flores HN, Tamujo AC, Cetolin T, Ribeiro-Alvares JB, de Noronha M, Baroni BM, Haupenthal A. Muscle Pain Code: a novel tool for screening the risk of time-loss muscle injury in professional male football players. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38651766 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2346463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of a novel post-match muscle pain map, named Muscle Pain Code (MPC), with the risk of subsequent time-loss muscle injury in a cohort of professional football (soccer) players. METHODS The MPC classifies pain in four codes: code 0, 'no pain;' code 1, 'generalized muscle pain;' code 2, 'diffused site muscle pain;' and code 3, 'specific site muscle pain.' Over four consecutive seasons, MPC was collected on the second post-match day and players were followed for occurrence of time-loss muscle injury over the next five days. Players exposed to at least 45 minutes in two consecutive matches within seven days were included as cases for analysis. RESULTS Eighty players participated in the study. Of 1,656 cases analyzed, 229 resulted in time-loss muscle injuries. Only 2% of cases with codes 0 and 1 resulted in time-loss muscle injuries. Conversely, 63% and 78% of codes 2 and 3 were followed by time-loss muscle injuries, respectively. Compared with the reference scenario (i.e. code 0 on MPC), the risk of subsequent time-loss muscle injury was significantly higher when players recorded code 2 (odds ratio, 4.29; 95%CI, 3.62 to 4.96) or code 3 (odds ratio, 5.01; 95%CI, 4.05 to 5.98) on MPC, but not when they recorded code 1 (odds ratio = -0.27; 95%CI, 1.05 to 0.56). CONCLUSIONS Players experiencing well-outlined pain area on the second post-match day were more likely to incur a time-loss muscle injury in the subsequent days compared to those experiencing spreading pain or no pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebert Nunes Flores
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Camillo Tamujo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cetolin
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Noronha
- Department of Community and Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Autralia
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Haupenthal
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
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Vianna KB, Ribas LO, Rodrigues LG, Gasparin GB, Mendonça LDM, Baroni BM. Injury prevention in Brazilian women's football: Perceptions of physiotherapists and practices within elite clubs. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 67:68-76. [PMID: 38599151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the perceptions of physiotherapists and the injury prevention practices implemented within elite women's football clubs in Brazil. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey. PARTICIPANTS Head physiotherapists from 32 Brazilian elite clubs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Structured questionnaire. RESULTS Physiotherapists identified ACL rupture as the primary target for prevention. The top-five perceived injury risk factors included 'early return to sport after injury', 'workload too high', 'previous injury', 'poor sleep/rest', and 'muscle strength/power deficit'. 'Adoption of return to sport criteria' was almost unanimously recognized as a very important preventive strategy. 'Poor infrastructure' was elected as the main barrier to implementing prevention programs. From a practical standpoint, at least two-third of clubs implemented multi-component exercise interventions for injury prevention. These interventions typically encompassed flexibility/mobility, balance/proprioception, lumbo-pelvic stability, and agility exercises, alongside exposure to sprinting. Strength training routines typically included traditional, functional, and eccentric exercises. Most teams also employed other prevention strategies, including adoption of return to sport criteria, internal workload monitoring, post-exercise recovery modalities, preseason risk factor screening, and application of rigid strapping tapes. CONCLUSIONS This study provided unprecedented insights into the physiotherapists' perceptions and injury prevention practices implemented within elite women's football clubs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Oscar Ribas
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Andersen TR, Kästner B, Arvig M, Larsen CH, Madsen EE. Monitoring load, wellness, and psychological variables in female and male youth national team football players during international and domestic playing periods. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1197766. [PMID: 38162701 PMCID: PMC10757622 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1197766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To study differences in total load exposure, wellness, and psychological variables in youth female (N = 19) and male (N = 20) national team football players during domestic and international playing periods, respectively. Procedures The players filled out questionnaires on well-being, stress, and resilience before and after both playing periods lasting 8 days each. The Hooper index was used to monitor daily wellness levels during both playing periods. The number of training sessions and matches were recorded, and the session rating of perceived exertion was collected. Training load, monotony, and strain were calculated. Daily measurements were used to evaluate in-period changes, and composite scores were used to describe differences between periods. Results The international compared to the domestic playing period was for both groups characterized by more matches played, longer field training session durations, and of fewer gym-based sessions (P < 0.05). The male players increased total exposure time (25%; P < 0.05), monotony (P < 0.001), and strain (P < 0.001), which was not changed in the female players. Well-being decreased (P < 0.05) during the international playing period in male players. Stress levels were higher (P < 0.05) for both genders during the international compared to the domestic playing period. During the international playing period, positive correlations were found between the initial levels of stress, and the change in stress (P = 0.03; r2 = 0.12), and between the changes in total load and changes in well-being (P = 0.02; r2 = 0.12), whereas a negative correlation was found between the changes in wellness and stress (P = 0.03; r2 = 0.14). Conclusion A playing period characterized by increased match focus, longer field training sessions, and fewer gym-based training activities may lead to changes in the physical and mental profiles of youth national team football players. Alterations to load exposure and wellness may influence mental health. Players with high initial stress levels may be subjected to greater changes compared to other players. Sports scientists and medical staff may benefit from initiating structured monitoring systems to track alterations in physical load and mental health in youth national team players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rostgaard Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Football Association, Brondby, Denmark
| | - Bennet Kästner
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Arvig
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hvid Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Football Association, Brondby, Denmark
| | - Esben Elholm Madsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Football Association, Brondby, Denmark
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Keriven H, Sánchez Sierra A, González de-la-Flor Á, García-Arrabé M, Bravo-Aguilar M, de la Plaza San Frutos M, Garcia-Perez-de-Sevilla G, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Domínguez-Balmaseda D. Effects of combined treatment with transcranial and peripheral electromagnetic stimulation on performance and pain recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise in young athletes. A randomized clinical trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1267315. [PMID: 37900951 PMCID: PMC10603222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1267315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a common interest in finding a common consensus in the approach of athletes suffering from DOMS with the aim of accelerating recovery and thereby enhancing performance. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of a paired-associative transcranial and peripheral electromagnetic stimulation on young athletes suffering from DOMS, induced by 1 h of eccentric and plyometric exercises. Methods: Forty-eight young athletes participated in this randomized control trial: 13 were assigned to the peripheral group (P); 12 were in the control group (Cont); 11 were assigned to the transcranial group (T) and 12 were included in the paired-associative group (Comb). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain perception and the mechanical Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) were the tools used to analyze the symptoms of DOMS. On the other hand, the Half Squat (HS) test evaluated with an accelerometer, and the 30 m sprint velocity (30-mSP) test were used to observe the evolution of the sports performance of the lower limbs. All evaluations were performed before and after the eccentric exercise session that caused DOMS, as well as at 24-48, and 72 h afterward. Results: The AS group improved the symptoms of the induced DOMS, since significant positive differences were observed in the VAS and PPT compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). In addition, the AS group showed a significant improvement in the HS and the 30-mSP tests (p < 0.001). Based on the results a treatment with both peripheral and transcranial electromagnetic stimulation improves recovery and performance in athletes at 72 h, although these data would need to be verified in future research with a larger sample size. Conclusion: Paired-associative electromagnetic stimulation improved DOMS symptomatology, velocity, and sports performance in the lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Keriven
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez Sierra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Phisioterapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Toledo Physiotherapy Research Group (GIFTO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel González de-la-Flor
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Arrabé
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bravo-Aguilar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta de la Plaza San Frutos
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Exercise Therapy and Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Perez-de-Sevilla
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Therapeutic Exercise and Fucntional Rehabiltiation Research Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Loturco I, Grazioli R, Veeck F, Nakamura FY, Inácio M, Schons P, Preissler A, Pinto RS, Pereira LA, McGuigan MR, Cadore EL. Effects of a Short-Term Detraining Period on the Strength Deficit and Functional Performance of Highly Trained Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2058-2063. [PMID: 37015015 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Loturco, I, Grazioli, R, Veeck, F, Nakamura, FY, Inácio, M, Schons, P, Preissler, A, Pinto, RS, Pereira, LA, McGuigan, MR, and Cadore, EL. Effects of a short-term detraining period on the strength deficit and functional performance of highly trained soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2058-2063, 2023-The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week detraining period on the neuromuscular performance of highly trained soccer players. Pre and post detraining, 18 adult soccer players (age: 27 ± 4.9 years; height: 180.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass [BM]: 78.9 ± 7.6 kg) performed vertical jumps, 20-m linear sprints, curve sprint and change of direction speed tests, and a progressive loading test in the half-squat exercise with loads corresponding to 50, 100, and 150% of the players' BM to assess the peak-force (PF), mean power (MP), and strength-deficit (SDef). Pre and post differences in the variables of interest were analyzed using paired t -tests and effect sizes (ES). No significant changes were detected for vertical jumping height and sprint times. Higher PF at 50 and 100% BM and lower SDef were shown when comparing pre- and postassessments (ES = 0.66, 0.68, 0.55; p = 0.018, 0.016, and 0.046, respectively). The MP at 50 and 100% BM increased significantly after the detraining phase (ES = 0.56, 0.82; p = 0.049 and 0.007, respectively). The results indicate that these athletes were able to maintain and achieve satisfactory levels of performance after a short period of training cessation. Interestingly, some strength- and power-derived parameters improved significantly after short-term detraining, which may have important implications for training programs aimed at maximizing speed and power performance. It is recommended that coaches test their players not only at the beginning but also at the end of the season, to better evaluate variations in performance and thus create more efficient and tailored training strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu Loturco
- NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Grazioli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Filipe Veeck
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabio Y Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE)/Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Martinho Inácio
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Schons
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur Preissler
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Pereira
- NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael R McGuigan
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; and
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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