1
|
Song Y, Li L, Layer J, Fairbanks R, Hughes G, Smith D, Wilson M, Zhu Q, Dai B. Unanticipated mid-flight external trunk perturbation increased frontal plane ACL loading variables during sidestep cuttings. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:599-610. [PMID: 38734986 PMCID: PMC11157851 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2353404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Unanticipated trunk perturbation is commonly observed when anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur during direction-changing manoeuvres. This study aimed to quantify the effect of mid-flight medial-lateral external trunk perturbation directions/locations on ACL loading variables during sidestep cuttings. Thirty-two recreational athletes performed sidestep cuttings under combinations of three perturbation directions (no-perturbation, ipsilateral-perturbation, and contralateral-perturbation relative to the cutting leg) and two perturbation locations (upper-trunk versus lower-trunk). The pushing perturbation was created by customised devices releasing a slam ball to contact participants near maximum jump height prior to cutting. Perturbation generally resulted in greater peak vertical ground reaction force and slower cutting velocity. Upper-trunk contralateral perturbation showed the greatest lateral trunk bending away from the travel direction, greatest peak knee flexion and abduction angles, and greatest peak internal knee adduction moments compared to other conditions. Such increased ACL loading variables were likely due to the increased lateral trunk bending and whole-body horizontal velocity away from the cutting direction caused by the contralateral perturbation act at the upper trunk. The findings may help understand the mechanisms of indirect contact ACL injuries and develop effective cutting techniques for ACL injury prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jacob Layer
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Raychl Fairbanks
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Gerwyn Hughes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Margaret Wilson
- Department of Theatre and Dance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Boyi Dai
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Li L, Layer J, Hughes G, Smith D, Wilson M, Zhu Q, Dai B. Falling decreased anterior cruciate ligament loading variables during single-leg landings after mid-flight external trunk perturbation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2024; 74:102849. [PMID: 38061150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mid-flight external upper-trunk perturbation is associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during landing. This study aimed to assess the effect of natural, soft, and falling landing techniques on knee mechanics and vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) during single-leg landings with/without mid-flight medial-lateral external upper-trunk pushing perturbation. Twenty-eight participants performed single-leg landings using the three landing techniques with/without mid-flight pushing perturbation. The perturbation was created by a customized apparatus releasing a slam ball and pushing the participants near the peak jump height at the upper trunk. Perturbation resulted in significantly greater lateral trunk bending angles, knee flexion angles at initial contact, peak knee abduction angles, and peak knee adduction moments compared to no perturbation. The falling condition significantly demonstrated the greatest lateral trunk bending angles, knee flexion angles, and peak knee external rotation moments and the smallest peak knee abduction angles, peak VGRF, and peak knee extension moments compared to natural/soft landings regardless of perturbation conditions. Mid-flight external perturbation resulted in variables associated with greater ACL loading during single-leg landings. Falling demonstrated variables associated with smaller ACL loading, particularly for perturbation conditions. Incorporating falling techniques into jump-landing training programs may guide players to safely fall on the ground when perturbation occurs. Falling provides an alternative strategy to potentially decrease indirect contact ACL injury risk when the sports environment allows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jacob Layer
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Gerwyn Hughes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Margaret Wilson
- Department of Theatre and Dance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Boyi Dai
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akbari H, Kuwano S, Shimokochi Y. Effect of Heading a Soccer Ball as an External Focus During a Drop Vertical Jump Task. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231164706. [PMID: 37101902 PMCID: PMC10123910 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231164706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research has demonstrated that performing a secondary task during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) may affect landing kinetics and kinematics. Purpose To examine the differences in the trunk and lower extremity biomechanics associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors between a standard DVJ and a DVJ while heading a soccer ball (header DVJ). Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Participants comprised 24 college-level soccer players (18 female and 6 male; mean ± SD age, 20.04 ± 1.12 years; height, 165.75 ± 7.25 cm; weight, 60.95 ± 8.47 kg). Each participant completed a standard DVJ and a header DVJ, and biomechanics were recorded using an electromagnetic tracking system and force plate. The difference (Δ) in 3-dimensional trunk, hip, knee, and ankle biomechanics between the tasks was analyzed. In addition, for each biomechanical variable, the correlation between the data from the 2 tasks was calculated. Results Compared to the standard DVJ, performing the header DVJ led to significantly reduced peak knee flexion angle (Δ = 5.35°; P = .002), knee flexion displacement (Δ = 3.89°; P = .015), hip flexion angle at initial contact (Δ = -2.84°; P = .001), peak trunk flexion angle (Δ = 13.11°; P = .006), and center of mass vertical displacement (Δ = -0.02m; P = .010), and increased peak anterior tibial shear force (Δ = -0.72 N/kg; P = .020), trunk lateral flexion angle at initial contact (Δ = 1.55°; P < .0001), peak trunk lateral flexion angle (Δ = 1.34°; P = .003), knee joint stiffness (Δ = 0.002 N*m/kg/deg; P = .017), and leg stiffness (Δ = 8.46 N/kg/m; P = .046) compared to those in standard DVJs. In addition, individuals' data for these variables were highly and positively correlated between conditions (r = 0.632-0.908; P < .001). Conclusion The header DVJ task showed kinetic and kinematic parameters that suggested increased risk of ACL injury as compared with the standard DVJ task. Clinical Relevance Athletes may benefit from acquiring the ability to safely perform header DVJs to prevent ACL injury. To simulate real-time competition situations, coaches and athletic trainers should incorporate such dual tasks in ACL injury prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Satoshi Kuwano
- Faculty of Business Information Science, Jobu University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimokochi
- Department of Health and Sport Management, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Culiver A, Grooms D, Edwards N, Schmitt L, Oñate J. A Preliminary Investigation into the Neural Correlates of Knee Loading during a Change of Direction Task in Individuals after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:70-80. [PMID: 36793571 PMCID: PMC9897027 DOI: 10.26603/001c.57782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central nervous system (CNS) function after ACLR, quantified by the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response, is altered in regions of sensory function during knee movement after ACLR. However, it is unknown how this altered neural response may manifest in knee loading and response to sensory perturbations during sport specific movements. Purpose To investigate the relationship among CNS function and lower extremity kinetics, under multiple visual conditions, during 180° change of direction task in individuals with a history of ACLR. Methods Eight participants, 39.3 ± 37.1 months after primary, left ACLR performed repetitive active knee flexion and extension of their involved knee during fMRI scanning. Participants separately performed 3D motion capture analysis of a 180° change of direction task under full vision (FV) and stroboscopic vision (SV) conditions. A neural correlate analysis was performed to associate BOLD signal to knee loading of the left lower extremity. Results Involved limb peak internal knee extension moment (pKEM) was significantly lower in the SV condition (1.89 ± 0.37 N*m/Kg) compared to the FV condition (2.0 ± 0.34 N*m/Kg) (p = .018). Involved limb pKEM during the SV condition was positively correlated with BOLD signal in the contralateral precuneus and superior parietal lobe (Voxels: 53; p = .017; z-stat max: 6.47; MNI peak: 6, -50, 66). Conclusion There is a positive association between involved limb pKEM in the SV condition and BOLD response in areas of visual-sensory integration. Activation of contralateral precuneus and superior parietal lobe brain regions may be a strategy to maintain joint loading when vision is perturbed. Level of Evidence Level 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Culiver
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
| | - Dustin Grooms
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Professions Ohio University
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions Ohio University
- 5. Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute Ohio University
| | - Nathan Edwards
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
| | - Laura Schmitt
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
| | - James Oñate
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Research Institute Ohio State University
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Ohio State University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song Y, Li L, Layer J, Fairbanks R, Jenkins M, Hughes G, Smith D, Wilson M, Zhu Q, Dai B. Indirect contact matters: Mid-flight external trunk perturbation increased unilateral anterior cruciate ligament loading variables during jump-landings. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022:S2095-2546(22)00119-3. [PMID: 36496132 PMCID: PMC10362484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effect of unanticipated mid-flight medial-lateral external perturbation of the upper or lower trunk on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading variables during jump-landings. METHODS Thirty-two participants performed double-leg vertical jump-landings while bilateral kinematics and kinetics were collected under 6 conditions (upper or lower trunk perturbation locations; no, left, or right perturbation directions). Two customized catapult apparatuses were created to apply pushing perturbation to participants near the maximal jump height. RESULTS The ball contacted participants near the center of mass for the lower-trunk conditions and approximately 23 cm above the center of mass for the upper-trunk conditions. Under upper-trunk perturbation, the contralateral leg demonstrated significantly smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact and greater peak knee abduction angles, peak vertical ground reaction forces, peak knee extension moments, and peak knee adduction moments compared to other legs among all conditions. Under lower-trunk perturbation, the contralateral leg showed significantly smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and peak knee extension moments compared to legs in the no-perturbation conditions. CONCLUSION Mid-flight external trunk pushing perturbation increased ACL loading variables for the leg contralateral to the perturbation. The upper-trunk perturbation resulted in greater changes in ACL loading variables compared to the lower-trunk perturbation, likely due to trunk and ipsilateral leg rotation and more laterally located center of mass relative to the contralateral leg. These findings may help us understand the mechanisms of indirect-contact ACL injuries and develop jump-landing training strategies under mid-flight trunk perturbation to better prevent ACL injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jacob Layer
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Raychl Fairbanks
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Maddy Jenkins
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Gerwyn Hughes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Margaret Wilson
- Department of Theatre and Dance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Boyi Dai
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song Y, Li L, Dai B. Trunk Neuromuscular Function and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Narrative Review of Trunk Strength, Endurance, and Dynamic Control. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Rolley TL, Saunders N, Bonacci J, Keast M, Fox AS. Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Situations in the Women's Australian Football League. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 7:106-123. [PMID: 35544763 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2076897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in the Women's Australian Football League (AFLW) are alarmingly high. Understanding injuries within their sporting context is important to develop effective injury prevention strategies, yet there is currently little knowledge of how ACL injuries occur to AFLW players. This study addressed the common scenarios and characteristics of ACL injuries in the AFLW. Online match and AFLW club injury reports identified 38 ACL injury cases. After excluding injuries where footage was unavailable (i.e. training, pre-season games), a video analysis of 21 match ACL injuries from the 2017-2020 AFLW seasons was performed. We examined match characteristics, and the player's movements and body postures preceding and at the estimated time of injury. Descriptive frequencies and relative proportions were determined across the assessed categories. Non-contact ACL injuries were frequently observed (n=13, 61.9%), while contact preceding the injury event (i.e. indirect contact) was also common (n=10, 47.6%). The most common game situation was direct defence (i.e. defending an opponent in possession) (n=14, 66.7%). Sidestep cutting was the most prevalent movement (n=11, 52.4%), with this commonly performed while applying defensive pressure (n=6 of 11, 54.6%). Sidestep cutting when applying defensive pressure is the most common non-contact ACL injury scenario in the AFLW. Preceding contact potentially contributing to a player's loss of balance was another prominent AFLW scenario. AFLW players may benefit from injury prevention programs emphasising appropriate sidestep cutting technique during reactive defensive scenarios, and maintenance of lower limb postures known to withstand knee loading relative to the sporting task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tess L Rolley
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Natalie Saunders
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jason Bonacci
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Meghan Keast
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aaron S Fox
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brazalovich P, Simon JE, Criss CR, Yom JP, Grooms DR. The effects of virtual reality immersion on drop landing mechanics. Sports Biomech 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35139757 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2035427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) can be used to alter the environment and challenge sensory calibration which rehabilitation and return-to-sport testing lack. The purpose was to establish how VR manipulation of the environment changes knee landing biomechanics. Twenty-nine healthy active adults (22 males; 20.52 ± 1.21 years; 1.75 ± 0.09 m; 78.34 ± 14.33 kg) were recruited. Three drop landing trials (31 cm height box) were performed for three conditions: eyes-open (EO), eyes-closed (EC), and VR, consisting of a head-mounted display of a 360° photo of a steep man-made edge or drop. Knee kinematics and kinetics were evaluated using 3D motion capture. The VR condition significantly increased Landing Error Score System errors relative to EO (1.28 ± 0.20, p < 0.001) and EC (0.98 ± 0.22, p < 0.001) and increased vertical ground reaction force relative to EO (0.41 ± 0.09 N·bw-1, p < 0.001) and EC (0.34 ± 0.07 N·bw-1, p < 0.001). The VR condition had less knee flexion at initial contact compared to EO (4.39 ± 0.75°, p = 0.001) and EC (1.83 ± 0.63°, p = 0.021). The VR condition had more knee abduction at initial contact compared to EO (0.71 ± 0.24°, p = 0.002) and EC (0.69 ± 0.22°, p = 0.002) and increased knee abduction at maximum flexion compared to EO (2.01 ± 0.58°, p = 0.026). Landing in VR increased injury risk landing biomechanics, indicating that VR may option to incorporate into return-to-play or injury risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Brazalovich
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Janet E Simon
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Cody R Criss
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jae P Yom
- Department of Allied Health, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Dustin R Grooms
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- School of Rehabilitation and Communications Science, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Belcher S, Whatman C, Brughelli M. A systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite netball players during games. Sports Biomech 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35129089 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2034928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This systematic video analysis of 21 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained by elite-level netball players during televised games, describes the situation, movement pattern and player behaviour, providing insight regarding the injury mechanism. Seventeen of the ACL injuries occurred from jump-landing actions and only two from cutting manoeuvres. A common scenario was identified for 11 players. In this scenario, players were decelerating rapidly after jumping to receive a high pass, utilising a double-footed landing with a wide base of support (WBOS). Deceleration appeared to be applied predominantly via the injured leg with the knee extended and foot planted. Often the players appeared unbalanced on landing leaning too far back. ACL injury risk was possibly exacerbated by the players head turning away from the injured side. A further compressive knee moment may have been placed on the lateral aspect of the knee by bringing the ball from a high position to a low position at the estimated time of injury. Players may benefit from landing technique training programmes that encourage shoulder-width foot landings, with ≥30° knee flexion, a small amount of plantar-flexion and good balance. Incorporating challenges to players balance and ability to cope with perturbations may also be beneficial. Training programmes should include instruction on securing the ball in a stable above pelvis-level position after receiving a pass and bringing their whole body around during landing into the direction of their next pass, rather than simply turning their head to look.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Belcher
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- NetballSmart New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Whatman
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matt Brughelli
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song Y, Li L, Hughes G, Dai B. Trunk motion and anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a narrative review of injury videos and controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks. Sports Biomech 2021; 22:46-64. [PMID: 33663318 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1877337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this narrative review were to summarise trunk motion and external trunk perturbation observed in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury videos and to review the association between trunk motion and ACL loading variables in controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks in non-injured populations. Video analyses have shown limited trunk flexion and increased trunk lateral bending towards the injured leg are associated with increased risk of ACL injuries, while trunk axial rotation away from the injured leg is more frequent than rotation towards the injured leg. Contact with the trunk before and at the time of the injury is common and might increase the risk of ACL injury. Controlled jump-landing and cutting studies have shown that limited trunk flexion and increased trunk lateral bending are associated with increased ACL loading. However, the findings of trunk axial rotation are not consistent with most video analyses. Mid-flight external trunk perturbation could increase ACL loading variables for one leg and is consistent with the videos of trunk-contact ACL injuries. These findings may help understand the role of trunk motion on primary ACL injury mechanisms and improve ACL injury screening tasks and ACL injury prevention strategies with the consideration of trunk motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| | - Gerwyn Hughes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Boyi Dai
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hinshaw TJ, Davis DJ, Layer JS, Wilson MA, Zhu Q, Dai B. Mid-flight lateral trunk bending increased ipsilateral leg loading during landing: a center of mass analysis. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:414-423. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1504616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylour J. Hinshaw
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Daniel J. Davis
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jacob S. Layer
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Margaret A. Wilson
- Department of Theatre and Dance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Boyi Dai
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grooms DR, Chaudhari A, Page SJ, Nichols-Larsen DS, Onate JA. Visual-Motor Control of Drop Landing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Athl Train 2018; 53:486-496. [PMID: 29749751 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-178-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Visual feedback is crucial in the control of human movement. When vision is obstructed, alterations in landing neuromuscular control may increase movements that place individuals at risk for injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may further alter the motor-control response to alterations in visual feedback. The development of stroboscopic glasses that disrupt visual feedback without fully obscuring it has enabled researchers to assess visual-motor control during movements that simulate the dynamic demands of athletic activity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of stroboscopic visual-feedback disruption (SVFD) on drop vertical-jump landing mechanics and to determine whether injury history influenced the effect. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Movement-analysis laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 participants with ACL reconstruction (ACLR; 7 men, 8 women; age = 21.41 ± 2.60 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.09 m, mass = 69.24 ± 15.24 kg, Tegner Activity Scale score = 7.30 ± 1.30, time since surgery = 36.18 ± 26.50 months, hamstrings grafts = 13, patellar tendon grafts = 2) and 15 matched healthy control participants (7 men, 8 women; age = 23.15 ± 3.48 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 69.98 ± 14.83 kg, Tegner Activity Scale score = 6.77 ± 1.48). INTERVENTION(S) Drop vertical-jump landings under normal and SVFD conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The SVFD effect for knee sagittal- and frontal-plane excursions, peak moments, and vertical ground reaction force were calculated during landing and compared with previously established measurement error and between groups. RESULTS The SVFD altered knee sagittal-plane excursion (4.04° ± 2.20°, P = .048) and frontal-plane excursion (1.98° ± 1.53°, P = .001) during landing above within-session measurement error. Joint-moment difference scores from full vision to the SVFD condition were not greater than within-session error. We observed an effect of ACLR history only for knee flexion (ACLR group = 3.12° ± 3.76°, control group = -0.84° ± 4.45°; P = .001). We did not observe an effect of side or sex. CONCLUSIONS The SVFD altered sagittal- and frontal-plane landing knee kinematics but did not alter moments. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may induce alterations in sagittal-plane visual-motor control of the knee. The group SVFD effect was on a level similar to that of an in-flight perturbation, motor-learning intervention, or plyometric-training program, indicating that visual-motor ability may contribute to knee neuromuscular control on a clinically important level. The individual effects of the SVFD indicated possible unique sensorimotor versus visual-motor movement strategies during landing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Grooms
- Division of Athletic Training, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens
| | - Ajit Chaudhari
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Stephen J Page
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - James A Onate
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yom JP, Owens T, Arnett S, Beebe J, Son V. The effects of an unanticipated side-cut on lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces during a drop landing. Sports Biomech 2018; 18:414-425. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2017.1409795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae P. Yom
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Tane Owens
- Department of Physical Therapy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Scott Arnett
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Justin Beebe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Son
- Kinesiology and Sport Management, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schwartz C, Forthomme B, Paulus J, Kaux JF, Brüls O, Denoël V, Croisier JL. Reliability of unipodal and bipodal counter movement jump landings in a recreational male population. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1143-1152. [PMID: 28780886 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1353134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Movement patterns during landing have been suggested to be related to injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-session reliability of kinematic variables and ground reaction forces during landing in a population of male recreational athletes after a counter movement jump. Both unipodal and bipodal landings were evaluated. Furthermore, the possibility to improve landing reliability with a verbal instruction was also studied. Twenty-four male volunteers with no history of lower extremity trauma were randomly assigned to two groups (with and without verbal landing instruction). An optoelectronic 3D system and force plates were used to measure the lower limb joint angles and the ground reaction forces during landing. Intraclass correlation values show moderate to excellent inter-session reliability for the bipodal task (ICC average: 0.80, range: 0.46-0.97) and poor to excellent reliability for the unipodal task (ICC average: >0.75, range: 0.20-0.95). However, large standard errors of measurement values at the ankle joint at impact (27.6 ± 11.5°) and for the vertical ground reaction forces (394 ± 1091 N) show that some variables may not be usable in practice. The verbal instruction had a negative effect on the reliability of unipodal landing but improved the reliability of bipodal landing. These findings show that the reliability of a landing task is influenced by its motor complexity as well as the instruction given to the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schwartz
- a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis (LAMH) , University of Lige , Lige , Belgium.,b Department of Architecture, Geology, Environment and Constructions , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Forthomme
- a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis (LAMH) , University of Lige , Lige , Belgium.,c Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Julien Paulus
- a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis (LAMH) , University of Lige , Lige , Belgium.,b Department of Architecture, Geology, Environment and Constructions , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- c Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Olivier Brüls
- a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis (LAMH) , University of Lige , Lige , Belgium.,d Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Vincent Denoël
- a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis (LAMH) , University of Lige , Lige , Belgium.,b Department of Architecture, Geology, Environment and Constructions , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Croisier
- a Laboratory of Human Motion Analysis (LAMH) , University of Lige , Lige , Belgium.,c Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meinerz CM, Malloy P, Geiser CF, Kipp K. Anticipatory Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromechanics During a Cutting Task. J Athl Train 2015; 50:905-13. [PMID: 26285089 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-50.8.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Continued research into the mechanism of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury helps to improve clinical interventions and injury-prevention strategies. A better understanding of the effects of anticipation on landing neuromechanics may benefit training interventions. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of anticipation on lower extremity neuromechanics during a single-legged land-and-cut task. DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. SETTING University biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate soccer players (age = 19.7 ± 0.8 years, height = 167.3 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 66.1 ± 2.1 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Participants performed a single-legged land-and-cut task under anticipated and unanticipated conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Three-dimensional initial contact angles, peak joint angles, and peak internal joint moments and peak vertical ground reaction forces and sagittal-plane energy absorption of the 3 lower extremity joints; muscle activation of selected hip- and knee-joint muscles. RESULTS Unanticipated cuts resulted in less knee flexion at initial contact and greater ankle toe-in displacement. Unanticipated cuts were also characterized by greater internal hip-abductor and external-rotator moments and smaller internal knee-extensor and external-rotator moments. Muscle-activation profiles during unanticipated cuts were associated with greater activation of the gluteus maximus during the precontact and landing phases. CONCLUSIONS Performing a cutting task under unanticipated conditions changed lower extremity neuromechanics compared with anticipated conditions. Most of the observed changes in lower extremity neuromechanics indicated the adoption of a hip-focused strategy during the unanticipated condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Meinerz
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Philip Malloy
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Kristof Kipp
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| |
Collapse
|