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Hinks A, Power GA. Age-related differences in the loss and recovery of serial sarcomere number following disuse atrophy in rats. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:18. [PMID: 39095894 PMCID: PMC11295870 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults exhibit a slower recovery of muscle mass following disuse atrophy than young adults. At a smaller scale, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (i.e., sarcomeres in parallel) exhibits this same pattern. Less is known, however, about age-related differences in the recovery of muscle fibre length, driven by increases in serial sarcomere number (SSN), following disuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in SSN adaptations and muscle mechanical function during and following muscle immobilization. We hypothesized that older adult rats would experience a similar magnitude of SSN loss during immobilization, however, take longer to recover SSN than young following cast removal, which would limit the recovery of muscle mechanical function. METHODS We casted the plantar flexors of young (8 months) and old (32 months) male rats in a shortened position for 2 weeks, and assessed recovery during 4 weeks of voluntary ambulation. Following sacrifice, legs were fixed in formalin for measurement of soleus SSN and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) with the un-casted soleus acting as a control. Ultrasonographic measurements of pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT) were conducted weekly. In-vivo active and passive torque-angle relationships were constructed pre-cast, post-cast, and following 4 weeks of recovery. RESULTS From pre- to post-cast, young and older adult rats experienced similar decreases in SSN (-20%, P < 0.001), muscle wet weight (-25%, P < 0.001), MT (-30%), PA (-15%, P < 0.001), and maximum isometric torque (-40%, P < 0.001), but there was a greater increase in passive torque in older (+ 180%, P < 0.001) compared to young adult rats (+ 68%, P = 0.006). Following cast removal, young exhibited quicker recovery of SSN and MT than old, but SSN recovered sooner than PA and MT in both young and old. PCSA nearly recovered and active torque fully recovered in young adult rats, whereas in older adult rats these remained unrecovered at ∼ 75%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that older adult rats retain a better ability to recover longitudinal compared to parallel muscle morphology following cast removal, making SSN a highly adaptable target for improving muscle function in elderly populations early on during rehabilitation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
- Aging
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/physiopathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/pathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/diagnostic imaging
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/etiology
- Recovery of Function
- Hindlimb Suspension/adverse effects
- Adaptation, Physiological
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Smith ZH, Martin RA, Casto E, Bigelow C, Busa MA, Kent JA. Muscle Torque-Velocity Relationships and Fatigue With Reduced Knee Joint Range of Motion in Young and Older Adults. J Appl Biomech 2024; 40:261-269. [PMID: 38663850 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of knee joint range of motion (RoM) on the torque-velocity relationship and fatigue in the knee extensor muscles of 7 young (median = 26 y) and 7 older (68 y) adults. Each leg was assigned a RoM (35° or 75°) over which to perform a torque-velocity protocol (maximal isokinetic contractions, 60-300°·s-1) and a fatigue protocol (120 maximal contractions at 120°·s-1, 0.5 Hz). Six older participants were unable to reach 300°·s-1 over 35°. Therefore, the velocity eliciting 75% of peak torque at 60°·s-1 (V75, °·s-1) was calculated for each RoM from a fit of individual torque-velocity curves (60-240°·s-1), and ΔV75 (35°-75°) was determined. Fatigue (final torque/initial torque) was used to calculate Δfatigue (35°-75°). ΔV75 was not different from 0 in young (-28.3°·s-1 [-158.6 to 55.7], median [range], P = .091) or older (-18.5°·s-1 [-95.0 to 23.9], P = .128), with no difference by age (P = .710). In contrast, fatigue was greater for 75° in young (Δfatigue = 25.9% [17.5-30.3], P = .018) and older (17.2% [11.9-52.9], P = .018), with no effect of age (P = .710). These data indicate that, regardless of age, RoM did not alter the torque-velocity relationship between 60 and 240°·s-1, and fatigue was greater with a larger RoM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe H Smith
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R Anthony Martin
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Erica Casto
- Center for Human Health and Performance, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Busa
- Center for Human Health and Performance, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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3
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Fuckner Leonel FJ, Paula LD, Raab Ferreira GC, Dos Reis do Nascimento DM, Gnoato Zotz TG, de Melo JM, Brandt de Macedo AC. Effect of two suspension training programs on pain and musculoskeletal function in chronic low back pain: study protocol. Pain Manag 2023; 13:271-282. [PMID: 37458193 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the effects of two suspension training (ST) protocols on pain and musculoskeletal function in women with chronic low back pain (CLBP). The study will be randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Women aged 18-60 years who present CLBP will be selected. They will be randomized into three groups: STG1, which will carry out the program with difficulty progression in the exercises; STG2, in which the progression will be made by increasing the number of sets; and control group. STG1 and STG2 will perform the training two-times a week for 60 min for 12 weeks. It is expected that ST will effectively reduce pain and improve functionality in CLBP and that the best protocol will be verified. Clinical Trial Registration: RBR-10rv3fqt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauana de Paula
- Master's Student of the Graduate Program in Physical Education at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cezar Raab Ferreira
- Undergraduate student of Physical Therapy at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Gianello Gnoato Zotz
- Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julia Milena de Melo
- Undergraduate student of Physical Therapy at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Gallo da Silva TT, Melo Filho J, Biesek S, Vojciechowski AS, Borba VZC, Gomes ARS. Accuracy of Tools to Differentiate Single From Recurrent Fallers Pre-Frail Older Women. Front Public Health 2022; 10:716851. [PMID: 35655457 PMCID: PMC9152280 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.716851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to analyze and compare musculoskeletal and functional performance and present cutoff points to differentiate pre-frail community-dwelling older women regarding their fall history: non fallers (0 falls), fallers (single fall), and recurrent fallers (≥2 falls). Method This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study on 90 pre-frail community-dwelling older women (71.2 ± 4.49 years) according to Fried criteria. We assessed peak torque (PT) (isokinetic dynamometer), muscle architecture/mass (ultrasound/dual-energy X-ray absorptometry), and the following functional performance: usual gait speed (UGS), fast gait speed (FGS), walking speed reserve (WSR), cadence and step length, and timed up and go. Results The recurrent fallers presented lower UGS (1.12 ± 0.18 vs. 1.29 ± 0.28 m/s; p = 0.05) and isometric PT of knee extensors than the fallers (89.88 ± 20.99 vs. 115.55 ± 23.09 Nm; p = 0.01), and lower FGS than the fallers (1.35 ± 0.26 vs. 1.5 ± 0.29 m/s; p = 0.03) and non-fallers (1.35 ± 0.26 vs. 1.52 ± 0.26 m/s; p = 0.01). The outcomes that differentiated the fallers from the non-fallers were both WSR calculated as a difference (WSRdiff) (≤0.26 m/s) and WSR calculated as a ratio (WSRratio) (≤1.25 m/s), while to differentiate the recurrent fallers from the non-fallers were FGS (≤1.44 m/s) and step length (≤73 cm). The following cutoff points might be used to differentiate recurrent fallers and fallers: UGS (≤1.12 m/s), FGS (≤1.34m/s), step length (≤73 cm), PT knee extension (≤114.2 Nm), PT knee flexion (≤46.3 Nm), and PT ankle dorsiflexion (≤22.1 Nm). Conclusion Recurrent fallers community-dwelling pre-frail older women presented a worse musculoskeletal and functional performance when compared to the non-fallers and fallers. Gait speed, step length, PT of both knee extension and flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion can be used to identify both single and recurrent fallers pre-frail older women, contributing to guide interventions and prevent falls and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarbas Melo Filho
- Departament of Massage Under Graduation, Federal Institute of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Simone Biesek
- PhD Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Victória Zeghbi Cochenski Borba
- Internal Medicine Department and Masters and PhD Programs, Endocrinology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes
- Masters and PhD Programs in Physical Education, Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Role of Knee and Ankle Extensors' Muscle-Tendon Properties in Dynamic Balance Recovery from a Simulated Slip. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093483. [PMID: 35591172 PMCID: PMC9104373 DOI: 10.3390/s22093483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Participants exposed to a simulated slip with forward loss of balance (FLB) develop large lower limb joint moments which may be a limiting factor for those whose muscle-tendon units’ (MTUs) properties are deteriorated. Whether the age-related decline in these properties limits participants’ capacity to recover their balance following a slip with FLB remains unclear. We combined isokinetic dynamometry, ultrasound and EMG to understand how knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor muscle strength and power, rate of moment development, electromechanical delay, and tendon stiffness affected the balance of young (25.3 ± 3.9 years) and older adults (62.8 ± 7.1 years) when recovering from a single slip with FLB triggered whilst walking on a split-belt instrumented treadmill. Except for the patellar tendon’s stiffness, knee extensor and ankle plantarflexor electromechanical delays, older adults’ MTUs properties were deteriorated compared to those of young participants (p < 0.05). We found no significant relationship between age or the MTUs properties of participants and balance recovery. These findings provide additional support that neither maximal nor explosive strength training are likely to be successful in preventing a fall for healthy older adults, and that other type of interventions, such as task-specific training that has already proved efficacious in reducing the risk of falling, should be developed.
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Cavalcante JGT, Marqueti RDC, Geremia JM, de Sousa Neto IV, Baroni BM, Silbernagel KG, Bottaro M, Babault N, Durigan JLQ. The Effect of Quadriceps Muscle Length on Maximum Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Evoked Contraction, Muscle Architecture, and Tendon-Aponeurosis Stiffness. Front Physiol 2021; 12:633589. [PMID: 33854439 PMCID: PMC8040804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.633589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-tendon unit length plays a crucial role in quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) physiological adaptation, but the influence of hip and knee angles during QF neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is poorly investigated. We investigated the effect of muscle length on maximum electrically induced contraction (MEIC) and current efficiency. We secondarily assessed the architecture of all QF constituents and their tendon-aponeurosis complex (TAC) displacement to calculate a stiffness index. This study was a randomized, repeated measure, blinded design with a sample of twenty healthy men aged 24.0 ± 4.6. The MEIC was assessed in four different positions: supine with knee flexion of 60° (SUP60); seated with knee flexion of 60° (SIT60); supine with knee flexion of 20° (SUP20), and seated with knee flexion of 20° (SIT20). The current efficiency (MEIC/maximum tolerated current amplitude) was calculated. Ultrasonography of the QF was performed at rest and during NMES to measure pennation angle (θ p ) and fascicle length (L f ), and the TAC stiffness index. MEIC and current efficiency were greater for SUP60 and SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20. The vastus lateralis and medialis showed lower θ p and higher L f at SUP60 and SIT60, while for the rectus femoris, in SUP60 there were lower θ p and higher L f than in all positions. The vastus intermedius had a similar pattern to the other vastii, except for lack of difference in θ p between SIT60 compared to SUP20 and SIT20. The TAC stiffness index was greater for SUP60. We concluded that NMES generate greater torque and current efficiency at 60° of knee flexion, compared to 20°. For these knee angles, lengthening the QF at the hip did not promote significant change. Each QF constituent demonstrated muscle physiology patterns according to hip and/or knee angles, even though a greater L f and lower θ p were predominant in SUP60 and SIT60. QF TAC index stiffened in more elongated positions, which probably contributed to enhanced force transmission and slightly higher torque in SUP60. Our findings may help exercise physiologist better understand the impact of hip and knee angles on designing more rational NMES stimulation strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03822221.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Centro Metropolitano, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Graduate Program in Sciences and Technology in Health, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Centro Metropolitano, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Martim Bottaro
- Departamento de Educação Física, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Unité Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Centro Metropolitano, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Chopp-Hurley JN, Wiebenga EG, Bulbrook BD, Keir PJ, Maly MR. Evaluating the relationship between quadriceps muscle quality captured using ultrasound with clinical severity in women with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 80:105165. [PMID: 32906002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infiltration of muscle with non-lean tissue, such as fat, reduces muscle quality. Ultrasound captures muscle quality through measurement of echogenicity. Given the potential implications of quadriceps muscle quality on physical function, particularly in knee osteoarthritis, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between echogenicity, muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness with the clinical severity of osteoarthritis. METHODS Thirty-one women with clinical knee osteoarthritis participated. Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis echogenicity, muscle thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured from ultrasound images of the most symptomatic knee. Clinical severity of osteoarthritis was characterized with pain, self-reported function, six-minute walk test, and knee extensor strength. Correlation coefficients were calculated between muscle and fat architecture outcomes (muscle quality, muscle and fat thicknesses) and osteoarthritis clinical severity outcomes. FINDINGS Data from 25 women were of sufficient quality for analysis. Echogenicity (muscle quality) related to the six-minute walk test for both rectus femoris (r = -0.52, p = 0.02) and vastus lateralis (r = -0.74, p = 0.004), with poorer muscle quality related to lower mobility. Subcutaneous fat thickness was related to the six-minute walk test (rectus femoris, r = -0.61, p = 0.0012; vastus lateralis, r = -0.73, p = 0.003) and strength (rectus femoris, r = -0.46, p = 0.02; vastus lateralis, r = -0.59, p = 0.03). Muscle thickness was not related to any severity outcomes. INTERPRETATION Muscle quality, rather than thickness, is associated with mobility performance in women with knee osteoarthritis. Thus, interventions for osteoarthritis that specifically target muscle quality, rather than size, should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N Chopp-Hurley
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily G Wiebenga
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter J Keir
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Monica R Maly
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Hafer JF, Boyer KA. Comparisons of Knee Extensor Functional Demand During Gait by Age, Physical Activity Level, and the Impact of Acute Exercise and Walking Speed. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:163-170. [PMID: 32335528 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The link between age-related changes in muscle strength and gait is unclear. We tested if knee extensor functional demand differs by age and physical activity status and if functional demand increases with walking speed or after exercise. Gait and knee extensor muscle torque were collected from young adults and highly and less active older adults before and after treadmill walking. Functional demand was the ratio of knee moments during gait to knee extensor muscle torques estimated from participant-specific torque-velocity curves. Functional demand at the peak knee flexion moment was greater in less active older adults than young adults (29.3% [14.3%] vs 24.6% [12.1%]) and increased with walking speed (32.0% [13.9%] vs 22.8% [10.4%]). Functional demand at both knee extension moments increased ∼2% to 3% after exercise. The low functional demand found in this study suggests that healthy adults maintain a reserve of knee extensor strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn F Hafer
- University of Delaware
- University of Michigan
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Katherine A Boyer
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
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Blum D, Rodrigues R, Geremia JM, Brenol CV, Vaz MA, Xavier RM. Quadriceps muscle properties in rheumatoid arthritis: insights about muscle morphology, activation and functional capacity. Adv Rheumatol 2020; 60:28. [PMID: 32429993 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-020-00132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory and chronic autoimmune disease that leads to muscle mass loss and functional capacity impairment, potentiated by physical inactivity. Despite evidences demonstrate neuromuscular impairments in RA patients, aging effects may have masked the results of similar previous studies. The aim of study was to verify (i) the effects of RA on functional capacity and muscle properties in middle-aged patients and (ii) the association between age, clinical characteristics, quadriceps muscle properties and functional capacity. METHODS Thirty-five RA women and 35 healthy age-matched women were compared with the following outcomes: (i) physical activity level through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); (ii) timed-up and go (TUG) test; (iii) isometric knee extensor muscular strength; and (iv) vastus lateralis muscle activation and muscle architecture (muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length) during an isometric test. An independent Student t-test and partial correlation (controlled by physical activity levels) were performed, with p < 0.05. RESULTS Compared with healthy women, RA presented (i) lower physical activity level (- 29.4%; p < 0.001); (ii) lower isometric knee extensor strength (- 20.5%; p < 0.001); (iii) lower TUG performance (- 21.7%; p < 0.001); (iv) smaller muscle thickness (- 23.3%; p < 0.001) and pennation angle (- 14.1%; p = 0.011). No differences were observed in muscle activation and fascicle length. Finally, the correlation demonstrated that, with exception of TUG, muscle strength and muscle morphology were not associated with age in RA, differently from healthy participants. CONCLUSION Middle-aged RA patients' impairments occurred due to the disease independently of the aging process, except for functional capacity. Physical inactivity may have potentiated these losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Blum
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton Viegas Brenol
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado Xavier
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Geremia JM, Baroni BM, Bini RR, Lanferdini FJ, de Lima AR, Herzog W, Vaz MA. Triceps Surae Muscle Architecture Adaptations to Eccentric Training. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1456. [PMID: 31849706 PMCID: PMC6901927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eccentric exercises have been used in physical training, injury prevention, and rehabilitation programs. The systematic use of eccentric training promotes specific morphological adaptations on skeletal muscles. However, synergistic muscles, such as the triceps surae components, might display different structural adaptations due to differences in architecture, function, and load sharing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an eccentric training program on the triceps surae (GM, gastrocnemius medialis; GL, gastrocnemius lateralis; and SO, soleus) muscle architecture. Methods Twenty healthy male subjects (26 ± 4 years) underwent a 4-week control period followed by a 12-week eccentric training program. Muscle architecture [fascicle length (FL), pennation angle (PA), and muscle thickness (MT)] of GM, GL, and SO was evaluated every 4 weeks by ultrasonography. Results Fascicle lengths (GM: 13.2%; GL: 8.8%; SO: 21%) and MT (GM: 14.9%; GL: 15.3%; SO: 19.1%) increased from pre- to post-training, whereas PAs remained similar. GM and SO FL and MT increased up to the 8th training week, whereas GL FL increased up to the 4th week. SO displayed the highest, and GL the smallest gains in FL post-training. Conclusion All three synergistic plantar flexor muscles increased FL and MT with eccentric training. MT increased similarly among the synergistic muscles, while the muscle with the shortest FL at baseline (SO) showed the greatest increase in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rico Bini
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Fabio Juner Lanferdini
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues de Lima
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Engineering, Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bertoli J, Diefenthaeler F, Lusa Cadore E, Monteiro de Moura B, de la Rocha Freitas C. The relation between force production at different hip angles and functional capacity in older women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:489-493. [PMID: 31563360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although hip muscles are related to activities of daily living (ADLs) in older adults, there is a lack of evidence concerning the extensor-flexor hip torque-angle. A shift of the torque-angle relationship is caused by the aging process (increasing or reducing the range of motion) affecting the force production in a given muscular length during ADLs. Thus, the relationship between hip extensor-flexor muscles' force production and their association with functional capacity tests in elderly women were evaluated. Seventeen elderly women performed timed up and go, timed up and down stairs, and 30-s chair stand tests. Hip extensor-flexor isometric peak torques at 15°, 60°, 90°, and 100° (0° = full extension) were also assessed. Hip flexors produced the highest absolute and relative peak torque at a 15° angle and hip extensor muscles at 100°. A large and significant correlation (r = 0.62, p = 0.008) was observed only between absolute hip extensor peak torque at 90° and the 30-s chair stand test. When peak torque was normalized by body mass, the hip extensor-flexor muscles' peak torque obtained at all measured angles presented significant correlation with the 30-s chair stand test. The results indicate that for older women there is an optimum torque-angle for the hip flexor and extensor muscles. Furthermore, although the hip torque-angle relationship was measured under isometric contractions, there was a correlation with the 30-s chair stand test, which could indicate the presence of the isometric component during this movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Bertoli
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianóplis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianóplis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Monteiro de Moura
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianóplis, SC, Brazil
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Macedo Fraiz G, Herminia Gallo L, Iraci Rabito E, Silveira Gomes AR, Madalozzo Schieferdecker ME. Relationship between muscle thickness and calf circumference in healthy older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 86:103942. [PMID: 31542632 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Calf circumference (CC) is an indirect method used to evaluate muscle mass in older adults. Ultrasound has also been studied as a method for measuring muscle mass. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to correlate CC and muscle thickness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MGM) in healthy older women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 healthy older women. The MGM thickness was evaluated using an ultrasound device (Logiq Book XP, General Electric®). The reference value for adequate CC was ≥ 31 cm. Weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index (BMI), which was dichotomized as with or without excess weight based on the cutoff points recommended by the World Health Organization (1995); Lipschitz (1994) and the Pan-American Health Organization (2001). RESULTS All participants were ≥ 64 years of age. Mean weight and height were 66.19 kg (SD: 10.48) and 1.55 m (SD: 0.06), respectively. Half of the participants had a BMI higher than 27.53 kg/m2. Moderate positive correlations were found between CC and MGM thickness (ρ = 0.432; p < 0.001), MGM thickness and weight (r = 0.422; p < 0.001) and between MGM thickness and BMI (r = 0.438; p < 0.001). However, the correlation between CC and MGM thickness was non-significant among the women with excess weight. CONCLUSIONS A moderate positive correlation between MGM thickness and CC was found in healthy older women. However, this correlation was weak and non-significant among those with excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Macedo Fraiz
- Multi-Professional Healthcare Program, University Hospital, Federal University of Parana, General Carneiro Street, 181, Alto da Glória, Zip Code: 80060-900, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Herminia Gallo
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Coração de Maria Street, 92, Jardim Botânico, Zip Code: 80210-132, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Estela Iraci Rabito
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Parana, Professor Lothário Meissner Street, 632, Jardim Botânico, Zip Code: 80210-170, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes
- Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Parana, Coração de Maria Street, 92, Jardim Botânico, Zip Code: 80210-132, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eliana Madalozzo Schieferdecker
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Parana, Professor Lothário Meissner Street, 632, Jardim Botânico, Zip Code: 80210-170, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
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IS MUSCULAR AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE RELATED TO GAIT SYMMETRY IN OLDER ADULTS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 84:103899. [PMID: 31220618 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait asymmetries are a matter of discussion concerning gait adaptation in older adults. While most studies perform unilateral gait assessments, the hypothesis that asymmetry in gait biomechanics is influenced by muscular and functional performance in older people needs to be confirmed. PURPOSE Here we performed a systematic review (CRD42018093189) to discuss the relationship between muscular and functional performance and gait asymmetries in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Searches were performed using Medline via Pubmed, Scopus, PEDro, Cochrane Central, and Lilacs databases. Studies investigating leg asymmetries during overground locomotion and recording kinetics, kinematics or muscular activation parameters to determine at least one muscular or functional parameter were included. RESULTS Findings show that gait asymmetries, especially in step temporal parameters, are mainly related to functional outcomes, but the relationship with muscular performance was not possible to determine. CONCLUSIONS The relationship of gait asymmetry with muscular performance is still unknown, and there is a lack of investigations. Improvements in performance of functional tasks lead to a more symmetric gait.
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Van Roie E, Van Driessche S, Inglis AJ, Thomis M, Delecluse C. Rate of power development of the knee extensors across the adult life span: A cross-sectional study in 1387 Flemish Caucasians. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:260-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Palmer TB, Followay BN, Thompson BJ. Age-related effects on maximal and rapid hamstrings/quadriceps strength capacities and vertical jump power in young and older females. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:1231-1239. [PMID: 28247210 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Declines in hamstrings and quadriceps maximal and rapid strength are commonly reported as a consequence of aging; however, few studies have investigated the influence of age on maximal and rapid hamstrings to quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratios. This study aimed to examine the effects of age on leg extension and flexion maximal and rapid torque production, H/Q strength ratios, and muscle power in healthy, young and old females. METHODS Fifteen young (21 ± 2 years) and 15 old (69 ± 7 years) females performed 3 isometric leg extension and flexion maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), from which peak torque (PT), early (0-30 ms) and late (0-200 ms) phase rate of torque development (RTD), and PT and RTD H/Q strength ratios were extracted. Lower-body peak power output (P max) was assessed through a vertical jump test. RESULTS P max, PT, and early (RTD30) and late (RTD200) RTD variables of the leg extensors and flexors were lower (P ≤ 0.048) and PT and RTD200 H/Q strength ratios were higher (P ≤ 0.030) in the old compared to the younger females; however, no difference was observed for RTD30 H/Q (P = 0.300). There were also significant negative relationships in the older (r = -0.616 and -0.522; P = 0.014 and 0.046) but not the younger (r = 0.295 and -0.109; P = 0.286 and 0.698) females between P max and RTD30 and RTD200 H/Q strength ratios. CONCLUSION The higher RTD200 H/Q ratio for the older females may contribute to the muscle power deficits often observed in elderly populations. Practitioners may use these findings to help identify older adults with low muscle power capacities and possibly overall functional decline.
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Brodt GA, Geremia JM, Melo MDO, Vaz MA, Loss JF. Vastus lateralis muscle architecture to estimate knee extension moment of older individuals. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742015000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the knee extension moment of older individuals with the muscle moment estimated through a biomechanical model. This was accomplished by using (1) the specific muscle architecture data of individuals, and (2) the generic muscle architecture available in the literature. The muscle force estimate was determined using a model with the muscle architecture from cadavers and the individual vastus lateralis muscle architecture of sixteen older volunteers. For the muscle moment comparison, all of the volunteers performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in five different knee extension position angles. The architectural data was acquired using both resonance and ultrasound imaging. Both estimated muscle moments (generic and individual) were higher than the experimental. The architecture of the other vastii may be necessary to make the model more accurate for the older population. Although other factors inherent to ageing, such as co-contractions, fiber type percentage, and passive forces are not considered in the model, they could be responsible for the differences between moments in older people.
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Geremia JM, Iskiewicz MM, Marschner RA, Lehnen TE, Lehnen AM. Effect of a physical training program using the Pilates method on flexibility in elderly subjects. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:119. [PMID: 26578459 PMCID: PMC5005875 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The adaptations of the human body resulting from the aging process especially loss of flexibility can increase the risk of falls and the risk of developing other health conditions. Exercise training, in particular the Pilates exercise method, has become an important form of physical activity that minimizes the deleterious effects of aging on flexibility. Few studies have evaluated the effect of this training method on body flexibility among elderly. We aimed to evaluate the effects of physical training using the Pilates method on body flexibility of elderly individuals. Eighteen elderly women and two elderly men (aged 70 ± 4 years) followed a 10-week Pilates training program. Individuals were recruited from the local community via open invitations. At study entry, none of them had limited mobility (walking requiring the use of walkers or canes). Furthermore, those with neurologic, muscular, or psychiatric disorders as well as those using an assistive device for ambulation were excluded secondary to limited participation. Flexibility assessment tests (flexion, extension, right and left tilt, and right and left rotation of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine; flexion, extension, abduction, and lateral and medial right and left rotation of the glenohumeral joint; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and lateral and medial rotation of the right and left hip; and flexion of the right and left knee) were performed by a blinded evaluator using a flexometer before and after the training period. All assessments were carried out at the same time of day. There was an observed increase in flexion (22.86%; p < 0.001), extension (10.49%; p < 0.036), and rotation to the left side (20.45%; p < 0.019) of the cervical spine; flexion (16.45%; p < 0.001), extension (23.74%; p = 0.006), lateral bending right (39.52%; p < 0.001) and left (38.02%; p < 0.001), and right rotation (24.85%; p < 0.001) and left (24.24%; p < 0.001) of the thoracolumbar spine; flexion (right--8.80%, p = 0.034; left--7.03%, p = 0.050), abduction (right--20.69%, p < 0.001; left--16.26%, p = 0.005), and external rotation (right--116.07% and left--143%; p < 0.001 for both directions) of the glenohumeral joint; flexion (right--15.83%, p = 0.050; left--9.55%, p = 0.047) of the hips; and bending (right--14.20%, p = 0.006; left--15.20%, p = 0.017) the knees. The joint with the greatest magnitude of improvement was the thoracolumbar spine. Thus, this type of training may minimize the deleterious effects of aging and may improve the functionality of elderly individuals, which would reduce the likelihood of accidents (especially falls).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeam Marcel Geremia
- Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Av. Benjamin Constant, 80, Porto Alegre, RS, 90550-003, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Aguiar Marschner
- Instituto de Cardiologia, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Ederich Lehnen
- Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Av. Benjamin Constant, 80, Porto Alegre, RS, 90550-003, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Faculdade Sogipa de Educação Física, Av. Benjamin Constant, 80, Porto Alegre, RS, 90550-003, Brazil.
- Instituto de Cardiologia, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Santos GRSD, Geremia JM, Moraes PZ, Lupion RDO, Vaz MA, Carpes FP. Bilateral assessment of knee muscle relationships in healthy adults. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742014000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric performance of flexor and extensor muscles of the knee may be a risk factor for knee injuries, especially the anterior cruciate ligament. Additionally, asymmetries in power and work may have correlations with fatigue and performance during functional tasks. Among untrained individuals, such asymmetries may be of potential interest for training prescription. Here, we investigated the bilateral performance of knee flexors and extensors muscle groups of untrained individuals. We quantified the torque-angle and torque-velocity relationships, as well as work, power and asymmetry indexes in 20 untrained male (25 ± 4 years old; height 1.74 ± 0.05 m; body mass 76 ± 9 kg). No significant asymmetry was observed for torque-angle and torque-velocity relationships, work and power output for knee flexor and extensor muscle groups (p < .05). Our results suggest that untrained male present symmetry in the knee flexion and extension bilateral performance. Changes in this behavior due to physical training must be monitored.
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de Araujo Ribeiro Alvares JB, Rodrigues R, de Azevedo Franke R, da Silva BGC, Pinto RS, Vaz MA, Baroni BM. Inter-machine reliability of the Biodex and Cybex isokinetic dynamometers for knee flexor/extensor isometric, concentric and eccentric tests. Phys Ther Sport 2014; 16:59-65. [PMID: 24913915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the inter-machine reliability of the Biodex System 3 Pro and Cybex Humac Norm Model 770 dynamometers for knee extensor and knee flexor peak torque measurements in isometric, concentric and eccentric tests. DESIGN Randomized/crossover. SETTING Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). PARTICIPANTS 25 healthy male subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Isometric, concentric and eccentric knee extensor and knee flexor peak torques recorded in the same test procedure performed on both isokinetic dynamometers. One-way ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to verify significant differences, relative and absolute reliability between devices. RESULTS No significant differences were found between tests performed on Biodex and Cybex (p > 0.05). ICC values indicated a high to very high reproducibility for isometric, concentric and eccentric peak torques (0.88-0.92), and moderate to high reliability for agonist-antagonist strength ratios (0.62-0.73). Peak torque did not show great difference between dynamometers for SEM (3.72-11.27 Nm) and CV (5.27-7.77%). Strength ratios presented CV values of 8.57-10.72%. CONCLUSION Maximal knee extensor and knee flexor tests performed in isometric (60° of knee flexion), concentric and eccentric modes at 60°/s in Biodex and Cybex dynamometers present similar values.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Breno de Araujo Ribeiro Alvares
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Azevedo Franke
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Silveira Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Felizardo, 750, Bairro Jardim Botânico, CEP: 90690-200 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Validity of fascicle length estimation in the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius using ultrasonography. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:214-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Power GA, Makrakos DP, Rice CL, Vandervoort AA. Enhanced force production in old age is not a far stretch: an investigation of residual force enhancement and muscle architecture. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00004. [PMID: 24303098 PMCID: PMC3831934 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In older adults, isometric force production is enhanced following a voluntary lengthening contraction when compared with isometric force produced at the same muscle length without a prior lengthening contraction. This phenomenon is termed residual force enhancement (RFE), and appears to be related to the age-related maintenance of eccentric (ECC) strength. However, it is unknown whether age-related changes in muscle architecture contribute to greater RFE at short and long muscle lengths in old age. Neuromuscular properties of the knee extensors were assessed on a HUMAC NORM dynamometer. Torque was examined in young (26 ± 3 year, n = 11) and old men (77 ± 6 year, n = 11) during brief maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) at 80° and 120° (180° representing full knee extension) and then compared with torque during a steady-state phase at the same joint angle following a maximal voluntary lengthening contraction at 30°/sec over a 60° joint excursion; either from 140 to 80° (long), or from 180 to 120° (short). Ultrasound images were obtained from the vastus lateralis during the isometric phase for each condition. When comparing the ECC torque with the MVC isometric torque, old men had 17% greater ECC:MVC ratios than young men, confirming an age-related maintenance of ECC strength. The extent of RFE was greater at long versus short but independent of age. At rest, old had shorter (∼18%) and less pennated (∼22%) fascicles. However, changes in fascicle length and pennation during contraction did not contribute to RFE in either group. Thus, age-related changes in muscle architecture may not contribute to RFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Power
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada ; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario Canada
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