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Chen ST, Yang CH, Hyun J, Ku PW. The association between morning pleasant anticipation and daily positive incidental affect on adults' daily steps: An ecological momentary assessment study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102561. [PMID: 37951452 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between morning pleasant anticipation (i.e., how pleasant will the day be?) and daily positive incidental affect (PIA, e.g., feeling enjoyable, energetic) on daily steps as measured by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometry. METHODS A total of 152 adults in Taiwan (female = 67.1 %, age range = 18-59, M = 24.97) completed smartphone-based surveys upon waking and at three quasi-random times during the day for seven days during the COVID-19 outbreak (February-July 2022). They also wore accelerometers for the same seven days to measure physical activity (daily steps). The morning survey asked participants to self-report pleasant anticipation throughout the day, and the three quasi-random time surveys assessed current PIA. Multilevel modeling was used to examine day-level associations between morning pleasant anticipation, PIA, and daily steps. A list of key covariates (i.e., age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangement, chronic disease, body mass index [BMI], smoking, drinking, wellbeing, daily sleep quality, daily sleep hours, and accelerometer wear time) were included in the models to adjust for the covariates' potential effects on the study outcomes. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 989 morning observations and 2714 quasi-random time observations (EMA response rate = 87.01 %). Findings suggest that higher-than-usual levels of pleasant anticipation in the morning were significantly associated with more same-day daily steps (b = 0.03, SD = 0.01, p = .03) after adjusting for covariates. In addition, daily PIA was a significant moderator between morning pleasant anticipation and daily steps (b = 0.02, SD = 0.01, p < .01), such that higher levels of daily PIA were associated with greater increases in daily steps in response to higher levels of morning pleasant anticipation. CONCLUSION On days when participants had higher levels of pleasant anticipation in the morning, they took more steps per day. In addition, the association between morning pleasant anticipation and steps per day was stronger on days when participants had higher levels of PIA. These findings have practical implications for future EMA studies investigating the "anticipatory" affective processes on movement behaviors with the goal of promoting physical activity in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ti Chen
- Department of Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Exercise Science and TecHealth Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jinshil Hyun
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
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The Association of Outdoor Walking Per Week with Mental Health and Costs of Psychotropic Drugs in Adults. J Community Health 2023; 48:136-140. [PMID: 36318361 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Regular walking confers many physical health benefits, including a reduced risk of disease-specific and all-cause mortality and better physical fitness. However, less is known about its role in mental health. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the associations of outdoor walking per week with costs of psychotropic drugs used and mental health in adults. 500 adults aged 18 to 64 years in Hangzhou (China) reported sex, age, the name of the psychotropic drugs used and their dosage, and outdoor walking during the past 7 days. The cost that a person spends on buying psychotropic drugs for a month was considered psychotropic drugs costs. Overall mental health was assessed using the Chinese Version of the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire. The levels of walking in participants taking psychotropic were significantly lower than participants who did not taking psychotropic (p = 0.002). There was a significant negative correlation between mental health scores and minutes of walking per week and a significant positive correlation between the number of psychotropic drugs used and walking per week (p < 0.05). However, no particular associations were found between costs of psychotropic drug used and walking per week. Outdoor walking is prospectively associated with better overall mental health in adults. Then, awareness should be raised about the possible positive effects of outdoor walking on the mental health of adults.
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Ramsey CM, Lynch KG, Gehrman PR, Vairavan S, Narayan VA, Li QS, Oslin DW. Daily steps and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal evaluation of patients with major depressive disorder in the precision medicine in mental health care study. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:334-340. [PMID: 34979178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the benefits of exercise on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are well established, longitudinal studies of objectively measured activity in clinical populations are needed to establish specific guidelines for exercise by persons with moderate-to-severe depression. This study examines the association between objectively assessed daily step count and depressive symptoms over a 24-week follow- up period in outpatients receiving treatment for moderate-to-severe depression. METHODS Participants were US Veterans with MDD enrolled in the Precision Medicine in Mental Health Care study (PRIME Care), a pragmatic, multi-site, randomized, controlled trial that examines the utility of genetic testing in the context of pharmacotherapy for MDD. Participants were a subset (N = 66) enrolled in actigraphy (using GT9X ActiGraph) monitoring component of the trial. Daily steps were examined as a predictor of depressive symptoms over 4-, 8-, 12-, 18-, and 24-weeks. RESULTS On average, participants took 3,460 (±1,768) steps per day. In generalized linear mixed models, an increase in 1,000 steps per day was associated with a 0.6-point decrease in depressive symptom severity at the subsequent follow-up assessment. LIMITATIONS Activity monitoring was observational and causal inferences cannot be made between daily steps and subsequent depressive symptom severity. Results may not generalize to non-treatment-seeking populations. CONCLUSIONS Study findings provide an initial metric for persons with clinically significant MDD, of whom most do not get sufficient daily activity. The findings can inform future trials aimed at determining how much daily activity is needed to improve symptoms in individuals with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Ramsey
- VISN 4 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 5800 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19130, United States; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Kevin G Lynch
- VISN 4 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 5800 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19130, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- VISN 4 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 5800 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19130, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Srinivasan Vairavan
- Neuroscience Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Narayan
- Neuroscience Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States; Science for Minds, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - David W Oslin
- VISN 4 Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 5800 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19130, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Chen ST, Stevinson C, Yang CH, Sun WJ, Chen LJ, Ku PW. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of outdoor walking with overall mental health in later life. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111428. [PMID: 34052347 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of three walking parameters (frequency, duration, and intensity) with overall mental health in older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 with 1255 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older in Taipei, Taiwan. Among them, 408 participants completed the one-year follow-up survey in 2015. Self-reported outdoor walking during the past 7 days was measured by asking the frequency, duration, and intensity. Metabolic equivalent (MET) values (<2.5, 2.5-<3.5, 3.5-<4.5, and ≥4.5 MET) were assigned to the four levels of speed (slow pace, average, brisk, and fast pace) based on the average walking distance per minute. Overall mental health was assessed using the Five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between outdoor walking and overall mental health, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidity and health status. RESULTS Among the walking parameters, only walking intensity emerged as a significant predictor of subsequent overall mental health. Multivariable regression analysis showed that light-to-moderate intensity (approximately 2.5-<4.5 METs) was significantly associated with better overall mental health at 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor walking at light-to-moderate intensity is prospectively associated with better overall mental health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ti Chen
- Department of Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- Family Medicine Department, Taipei City, Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
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Hsueh MC, Stubbs B, Lai YJ, Sun CK, Chen LJ, Ku PW. A dose response relationship between accelerometer assessed daily steps and depressive symptoms in older adults: a two-year cohort study. Age Ageing 2021; 50:519-526. [PMID: 32980870 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES this study investigated the prospective associations of accelerometer assessed daily steps with subsequent depressive symptoms in older adults. METHODS a 2-year prospective study was performed in the community. A total of 285 older adults ≥65 years (mean age = 74.5) attended the baseline assessment in 2012. The second wave of assessment was carried out in 2014 including 274 (96.1%) participants. Daily step counts were measured with a triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+), and participants were divided into three categories (<3,500, 3,500-6,999 and ≥ 7,000 steps/day). The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. Negative binomial regression models with multivariable adjustment for covariates (baseline depressive symptoms, accelerometer wear time, age, gender, education, chronic disease, activities of daily living) were conducted to examine the association between daily steps and subsequent depressive symptoms. RESULTS each 1,000-step increase in daily walking was linearly associated with a reduced rate of subsequent depressive symptoms (rate ratio [RR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-0.98). Participants with daily step count in 3,500-6,999 (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.70-0.99) and ≥7,000 steps (RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.55-0.92) per day had fewer depressive symptoms at follow-up. Sensitivity analyses assessing confounding and reverse causation provided further support for the stability of our findings. CONCLUSION older adults engaging in more daily steps had fewer depressive symptoms after 2 years. Even as few as 3,500-6,999 steps a day was associated with a protecting effect. Accumulating ≥7,000 steps a day could provide the greatest protection against depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK
- Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Dishman RK, McDowell CP, Herring MP. Customary physical activity and odds of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 111 prospective cohort studies. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:926-934. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore whether physical activity is inversely associated with the onset of depression, we quantified the cumulative association of customary physical activity with incident depression and with an increase in subclinical depressive symptoms over time as reported from prospective observational studies.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and CINAHL Complete databases, supplemented by Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies in adults, published prior to January 2020, reporting associations between physical activity and depression.Study appraisal and synthesisMultilevel random-effects meta-analysis was performed adjusting for study and cohort or region. Mixed-model meta-regression of putative modifiers.ResultsSearches yielded 111 reports including over 3 million adults sampled from 11 nations in five continents. Odds of incident cases of depression or an increase in subclinical depressive symptoms were reduced after exposure to physical activity (OR, 95% CI) in crude (0.69, 0.63 to 0.75; I2=93.7) and adjusted (0.79, 0.75 to 0.82; I2=87.6) analyses. Results were materially the same for incident depression and subclinical symptoms. Odds were lower after moderate or vigorous physical activity that met public health guidelines than after light physical activity. These odds were also lower when exposure to physical activity increased over time during a study period compared with the odds when physical activity was captured as a single baseline measure of exposure.ConclusionCustomary and increasing levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in observational studies are inversely associated with incident depression and the onset of subclinical depressive symptoms among adults regardless of global region, gender, age or follow-up period.
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Perceived Neighborhood Environment Associated With Older Adults' Walking and Positive Affect: Results From the Health and Retirement Study. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:536-543. [PMID: 33333489 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined how a perceived neighborhood environment was associated with older adults' walking activity and the experience of positive affect. Study sample comprised 10,700 older adults, aged 65+, sampled from the Health and Retirement Study 2014-2015 in the United States. Results indicated that neighborhood social cohesion was significantly predicting older adults' walking and positive affect. It was also revealed that walking engagement significantly contributed to the measure of positive affect. However, perceived neighborhood physical disorder did not account for additional variance in walking and positive affect. Final structural model involved three latent factors-neighborhood social cohesion, walking, and positive affect-and the goodness-of-fit indices of the model indicated an acceptable fit to the sample data. Public health and physical activity intervention in the context of neighborhood environment should facilitate social integration and informal social support that the neighborhood creates.
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Depression and Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103738. [PMID: 32466242 PMCID: PMC7277615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease, with high prevalence and relapse rate. Several factors have been considered in order to reduce the depression burden. Among them, physical activity (PA) showed a potential protective role. However, evidence is contrasting probably because of the differences in PA measurement. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between objectively measured PA and incident and prevalent depression. The systematic review was conducted according to methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant papers published through 31 August 2019 were identified searching through the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase), PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Library. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3. Finally, 42 studies met inclusion criteria. The overall Effect size (ES) of depression for the highest vs. the lowest level of PA was −1.16 [(95% CI = −1.41; −0.91), p-value < 0.001] based on 37,408 participants. The results of the meta-analysis showed a potential protective effect of PA on prevalent and incident depression.
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Borbón-Castro NA, Castro-Zamora AA, Cruz-Castruita RM, Banda-Sauceda NC, De La Cruz-Ortega MF. The Effects of a Multidimensional Exercise Program on Health Behavior and Biopsychological Factors in Mexican Older Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2668. [PMID: 32038344 PMCID: PMC6993582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The population of older adults is increasing worldwide, which brings attention to the importance of healthy aging. Adoption of healthy lifestyle activities such as participating in physical activity on a daily basis is key to maintaining physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in a 12-week multidimensional exercise program on health behavior and biopsychological factors of older adults living in Northeastern Mexico. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 45 older adults (35 females and 10 males; M = 67.24 ± 5.73 years). The participants were assigned to an experimental group (EG; n = 23) that participated in a 12-week exercise program and a control group (CG; n = 22). Pre- and post-analyses of the exercise intervention data were carried out to investigate the participants' health-related variables including physical activity levels, blood pressure, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and blood lipids profiles. Results: The results indicated that the exercise intervention contributed to significant improvements in the older adults' health-related variables for the EG when contrasted with the control group. For instance, the EG significantly improved systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.027) blood pressure, blood lipids [e.g., cholesterol (p < 0.05)], triglycerides (p < 0.05), self-esteem (p < 0.005), and depressive symptoms (p < 0.002) as well as physical activity (p < 0.001) levels. The results also demonstrated that only those individuals in the EG diagnosed with disease benefited from improved self-esteem and physical activity levels when contrasted with their healthy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa María Cruz-Castruita
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
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