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Li R, Qu P, Hu X, Li X, Zeng H, Gao B, Sun Z. Assessing acute effects of two motor-cognitive training modalities on cognitive functions, postural control, and gait stability in older adults: a randomized crossover study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e18306. [PMID: 39465165 PMCID: PMC11505978 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The process of aging often accompanies a decline in cognitive function, postural control, and gait stability, consequently increasing the susceptibility to falls among older individuals. In response to these challenges, motor-cognitive training has emerged as a potential intervention to mitigate age-related declines. Objective This study aims to assess the acute effects of two distinct motor-cognitive training modalities, treadmill dual-task training (TMDT) and interactive motor-cognitive training (IMCT), on cognitive function, postural control, walking ability, and dual-task performance in the elderly population. Method In this randomized crossover study, 35 healthy elderly individuals (aged 60-75) participated in three acute training sessions involving TMDT, IMCT, and a control reading condition. Assessments of executive function, postural control, gait performance, and cognitive accuracy were conducted both before and after each session. Results Both TMDT and IMCT improved executive functions. Notably, IMCT resulted in a significant enhancement in correct response rates and a reduction in reaction times in the Stroop task (p < 0.05) compared to TMDT and the control condition. IMCT also led to an increase in dual-task gait speed (p < 0.001) and showed a trend towards improved cognitive accuracy (p = 0.07). Conversely, TMDT increased postural sway with eyes open (p = 0.013), indicating a potential detriment to postural control. Conclusion The findings suggest that IMCT holds greater immediate efficacy in enhancing cognitive function and gait stability among older adults compared to TMDT, with a lesser adverse impact on postural control. This underscores the potential of IMCT as a preferred approach for mitigating fall risk and enhancing both cognitive and physical functions in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Hu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Zeng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Binghong Gao
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
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Wattanapisit A, Ng CJ, Angkurawaranon C, Wattanapisit S, Chaovalit S, Stoutenberg M. Summary and application of the WHO 2020 physical activity guidelines for patients with essential hypertension in primary care. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11259. [PMID: 36325139 PMCID: PMC9618974 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The new World Health Organization (WHO) 2020 guidelines on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior include recommendations for adults with chronic conditions. The guidelines provide adaptable and general recommendations for people living with chronic medical conditions. This article summarizes the content and provides suggestions for the application of the guidelines for patients with essential hypertension in primary care. The WHO 2020 PA guidelines recommend broad advice for adults and older adults with chronic conditions. The key recommendations are consistent with other hypertension guidelines. A systemic approach to promote PA in primary care (i.e., PA assessment, safety considerations, PA prescription, behavioral counseling, and referral) along with applying the WHO guidelines is required. Health risk assessment and safety issues related to hypertension (e.g., current PA levels, level of blood pressure, treatment plans, comorbidities) should be concerned. The FITT Pro (frequency, intensity, time, type, and progression) can be adopted as a framework to break down the guidelines into specific PA prescription. The WHO 2020 PA guidelines address the importance of PA in clinical populations. The guidelines can be adapted for patients with hypertension in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichai Wattanapisit
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Family Medicine Clinic, Walailak University Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chirk Jenn Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Sirawee Chaovalit
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Mark Stoutenberg
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
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Maximos M, Stratford P, Tang A, Dal Bello-Haas V. Description and Functional Benefits of Meeting Frequency, Intensity, and Time of Resistance and Cardiovascular Exercises: A Study of Older Adults in a Community-Based, Slow-Stream Rehabilitation, Hospital-to-Home Transition Program. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221096303. [PMID: 35615344 PMCID: PMC9125058 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221096303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective cohort study described cardiovascular and resistance exercises completed by older adults in a community-based, slow-stream rehabilitation, hospital-to-home transition program; compared exercises completed to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) exercise guidelines; and, assessed differences in Late Life Function and Disability Index (LLFDI)-Function Component (FC) between older adults who met and did not meet the ACSM guidelines. Descriptive statistics and Factorial ANCOVA were conducted. For cardiovascular exercise 59.3% of participants met frequency, 73.4% met intensity, and 35.9% met time. For resistance exercise, 67.2% of participants met frequency, 42.2% met intensity, and 76.6% number of repetitions. Participants who met both frequency and time for cardiovascular exercise had higher LLFDI-FC scores, as did those who met intensity and/or number of repetitions for resistance exercise. The findings provide support that older adults engaged in a slow-stream rehabilitation program can meet the ACSM exercise guidelines for community-dwelling older adults, and that meeting the guidelines improves function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Maximos
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Paul Stratford
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Ada Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
| | - Vanina Dal Bello-Haas
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, USA
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Correia Lima RR, Coutinho De Oliveira CV, De Brito Gomes JL, Pereira Da Silva CN, De Souza AM, Rabay AN, Barbosa Da Silva T, Dos Santos MAP, De Freitas Brito A. Blood Pressure Responses after a Session of Functional Training in Young Adults and the Elderly: A Pilot Study. HUMAN MOVEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/humo-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose. The potential of functional training (FT) to improve health is evident. However, regarding post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in older adults, there are few data. The study aimed to determine the cardiometabolic demand imposed by an FT session and evaluate PEH, comparing it with exercise sessions with aerobic and resistance exercises in physically active practitioners.Methods. Fourteen young (23.3 ± 2 years) and 15 older (68 ± 4 years) adults underwent a control session and FT session randomly determined. Blood pressure, heart rate, and double product were recorded at rest, during exercise, and in every 10 minutes over 60 minutes of recovery. Additionally, we measured the rate of perceived exertion (RPE).Results. The FT protocol promoted systolic PEH in both groups in the last half of recovery, reaching a reduction of 10.4 ± 4.9 mm Hg in young and 13.4 ± 3.8 mm Hg in older adults (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between the groups (p > 0.05). There were no differences between the groups with reference to RPE at any time (p > 0.05).Conclusions. A single FT session is able to promote PEH in normotensive young and borderline hypertensive older adults but without changing the RPE in comparison over the time, owing to a great similarity of FT practices in the groups.
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Ferreira GA, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE, Malfatti C, De-Oliveira FR, Osiecki R. Identification of training status differences using perceived exertion threshold. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:456-9. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated if the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) threshold is as sensitive as the lactate threshold to detect training differences. Lactate and RPE thresholds were identified in well-trained cyclists and physically active males. Power output was higher in well-trained cyclists than in physically active individuals for both thresholds (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that RPE threshold is successful in discriminating differences between well-trained cyclists and physically active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A. Ferreira
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano E. Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carlos Malfatti
- Department of Physical Education, Midwest State University of Parana, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. De-Oliveira
- Center for Studies of Human Movement, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Lavras, Brazil
| | - Raul Osiecki
- Center for the Study of Physical Performance, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Brazil
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Abe D, Yoshida T, Ueoka H, Sugiyama K, Fukuoka Y. Relationship between perceived exertion and blood lactate concentrations during incremental running test in young females. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2015; 7:5. [PMID: 25973209 PMCID: PMC4429818 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate more practical handling of Borg's ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and category-ratio scale of RPE (CR-10), we evaluated interrelationships between RPE, CR-10, and blood lactate concentrations (bLa) during incremental treadmill running tests for young females with different aerobic fitness levels. METHODS Oxygen consumption, heart rate, bLa, RPE, and CR-10 were measured from distance runners (DR; n = 15), race walkers (RW; n = 6), and untrained females (UT; n = 11). These variables corresponding to the lactate threshold (LT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) were compared among these groups. RESULTS The UT had significantly lower RPE at LT than DR and RW, although the CR-10 at LT was not significantly different among these groups. The CR-10 at OBLA was significantly lower for the UT than DR. The relationship between bLa and CR-10 was approximated well by two linear regression lines in all groups. The bLa at the intersection only for the RW was significantly lower than that at LT, however, such intersections were observed at CR-10 = 3.1 to 3.2 without significant group differences. The CR-10 scores at LT and intersections were not significantly different in each group. CONCLUSION These results suggested that an intersection between CR-10 and bLa was observed at the CR-10 score around three points of first half regardless of the aerobic fitness levels in young females, and such CR-10 scores would be associated with LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Abe
- Biodynamics Laboratory, Center for Health and Sports Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai, 813-8503 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yoshida
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-17 Machikaneyama, 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
| | - Hatsumi Ueoka
- Department of Environmental and Applied Physiology, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1 Tsukide, 862-8502 Higashi-ku, Kumamoto Japan
| | - Koji Sugiyama
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, 422-8529 Suruga-ku, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuoka
- Department of Environmental and Applied Physiology, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1 Tsukide, 862-8502 Higashi-ku, Kumamoto Japan ; Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, 610-0394 Kyotanabe, Japan
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Nussbaumer M, Donath L, Fischer M, Schäfer J, Faude O, Zahner L, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Hanssen H. Effects of acute bouts of endurance exercise on retinal vessel diameters are age and intensity dependent. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9650. [PMID: 24728623 PMCID: PMC4082577 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alterations of retinal vessel diameters are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate changes in retinal vessel diameters in response to acute dynamic exercise of different intensities and whether these changes are age dependent. Seventeen healthy seniors (median (IQR) age 68 (65, 69) years) and 15 healthy young adults (median (IQR) age 26 (25, 28) years) first performed a maximal treadmill test (MTT) followed by a submaximal treadmill test (SMTT) and a resting control condition in randomised order. Central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and central retinal venular (CRVE) diameter equivalents were measured before as well as 5 (t5) and 40 (t40) minutes after exercise cessation using a static retinal vessel analyser. Both exercise intensities induced a significant dilatation in CRAE and CRVE at t5 compared to the control condition (P < 0.001). At t40, the mean increase in CRAE and CRVE was greater for MTT compared to that for SMTT (CRAE 1.7 μm (95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.1, 3.6; P = 0.061); CRVE 2.2 μm (95 % CI 0.4, 4.1; P = 0.019)). However, the estimated difference at t5 between seniors and young adults in their response to MTT compared to SMTT was 5.3 μm (95 % CI 2.0, 8.5; P = 0.002) for CRAE and 4.1 μm (95 % CI -0.4, 8.6; P = 0.076) for CRVE. Wider arteries and veins after maximal versus submaximal exercise for seniors compared to young adults suggest that myogenic vasoconstriction in response to exhaustive exercise may be reduced in seniors. Age-related loss of vascular reactivity has clinical implications since the arteriolar vasoconstriction protects the retinal capillary bed from intraluminal pressure peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nussbaumer
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Donath
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Movement and Exercise Science, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Fischer
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Schäfer
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - O. Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Movement and Exercise Science, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Zahner
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Movement and Exercise Science, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - H. Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
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Donath L, Faude O, Roth R, Zahner L. Effects of stair-climbing on balance, gait, strength, resting heart rate, and submaximal endurance in healthy seniors. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:e93-101. [PMID: 24033611 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stair-climbing serves as a feasible opportunity to remain physically active within everyday-life. Data on neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory performance after regular stair-climbing in seniors are scarce. Forty-eight seniors were stratified to a one- (taking every step, INT1) or two-step strategy (every second step, INT2) or a control group (CON). Thirty-nine seniors [females: n = 22, males: n = 17; age: 70.5 (SD 5.1) years; BMI: 25.8 (3.1) kg/m(2)] completed the 8-week intervention (three weekly sessions). Before and after the intervention, balance, gait, strength, and submaximal endurance (at different intensities) were assessed. Maximal strength and explosive power did not improve significantly (0.10 < P < 0.78). Resting heart rate was significantly reduced in INT2 (-8/min) compared with INT1 (0/min, P = 0.02) and CON (0/min, P = 0.03). Compared with CON, perceived exertion for all intensities (0.007 < P < 0.03) and submaximal exercise heart rate during moderate uphill walking significantly decreased (-11/min; P < 0.05) in INT2. Step counts for forward beam balancing (4.5 cm width) increased in INT2 (P = 0.007) compared with CON. With more pronounced effects in INT2, stair-climbing significantly improved resting and exercise heart rates, perceived exertion, and dynamic balance performance in healthy seniors and may contribute to better overall fitness, reduced fall risk, and less perceived strain during daily life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Donath
- Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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