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Mohammadi M, Elahipanah F, Amani-Shalamzari S. The role of the cultural environment in the development of physical literacy and physical activity of Iranian children. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:477. [PMID: 37730549 PMCID: PMC10510288 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of physical literacy (PL) and physical activity (PA) should be done in an ecological context because the socio-cultural situation can encourage or inhibit children's activity. The present study aimed to study the role of the cultural environment in the development of PL and PA in Iranian children. METHODS The statistical population consisted of Iranian children aged 8 to 12, of whom 270 students were recruited by cluster sampling from six provinces. They complete the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy 2 (CAPL-2) and the International Physical Activity Survey. To examine the cultural environment, the components of geographic location (west, south, central, east, and northwest), place of residence (downtown, suburban, and village), and gender (boys and girls) were used. A multivariate ANOVA analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS From the geographic location, the findings showed that students inhabit in the west and east of Iran have significantly higher scores than their counterparts living in the central, south, and northwest at PA and PL (P < 0.001). From the place of residence, we observed a higher level of PA and PL in children living in the village than in those living in the suburbs and downtown (P < 0.001). In terms of gender, boys have higher PL and PA scores (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that socio-cultural factors, geographic location, place of residence, and gender have different impacts on children's PL and physical activity. Therefore, we suggest using ecologically appropriate decentralized planning in a physical education curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohammadi
- Department of Motor Behavior and Sports Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Elahipanah
- Department of Sport Management and Motor Behaviour, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Li MH, Kaioglou V, Ma RS, Choi SM, Venetsanou F, Sum RKW. Exploring physical literacy in children aged 8 to 12 years old: a cross-cultural comparison between China and Greece. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2102. [PMCID: PMC9670510 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of physical literacy (PL) has been advocated as a crucial determinant for increasing the quality and quantity of movement and physical activity (PA). Children’s PL has been rarely compared across countries, although it has shown low levels in many countries. This study aimed to explore and compare children’s PL from China and Greece. Methods A total of 327 Chinese (47.1% boys) and 295 Greek children (48.1% boys) aged 8 to 12 years participated in this study. Children’s PL was objectively assessed by the Chinese and Greek version of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, 2nd edition, which consists of four domains: Daily Behavior, Physical Competence, Motivation and Confidence, and Knowledge. and Understanding. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) on total PL and domain scores were conducted in both countries, respectively. Results MANOVA revealed significant differences in total PL and distribution scores between two countries (Pillais’ trace = 0.260, F = 53.855, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.260), with Greek children scoring better than Chinese. Nevertheless, most children failed to present an adequate PL level as they were mostly in the “progressing” stage. The chi-square denoted that the distribution of Chinese and Greek participants across the CAPL-2 interpretive categories was statistically different for total PL (χ2 [3] = 18.726, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.174), with more Greek children being classified as “achieving” and “excelling”. Conclusions The variance between Chinese and Greek children may be attributed to cultural differences in the context of PA, such as PE policies and settings. The relatively low level of PL shown in both countries echoes the global trend of the declining PA among children, with an increasing amount of their time spent in a sedentary lifestyle. These findings highlight the need to consider children’s cultural factors and pedagogical strategies in terms of developing their PL. Future research is required to explore the impact of cultural background on PL development among children and appropriate strategies to migrate their influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Li
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vasiliki Kaioglou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rui Si Ma
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siu Ming Choi
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Physical Education Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fotini Venetsanou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Raymond Kim Wai Sum
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Valentini NC, Nobre GC, Gonçalves Duarte M. Gross motor skills trajectory variation between WEIRD and LMIC countries: A cross-cultural study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267665. [PMID: 35511788 PMCID: PMC9070961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to examine the prevalence of delays and borderline impaired performance for Brazilian girls and boys and the differences in the motor trajectories (locomotor and ball skills) of girls and boys (3- to 10-years-old) across WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic) countries and Brazil–a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). Methods We assessed 1000 children (524 girls; 476 boys), 3- to 10.9-year-old (M = 6.9, SD = 2.1; Girls M = 6.9, SD = 2.0; Boys M = 6.9, SD = 2.1), using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3. Using systematic search, original studies investigating FMS in children using the TGMD-3 were eligible; 5 studies were eligible to have the results compared to the Brazilian sample. One sample t-test to run the secondary data from Irish, American, Finnish, and German children (i.e., mean, standard deviation). Results The prevalence of delays and borderline impaired performance was high among Brazilian girls (28.3% and 27.5%) and boys (10.6% and 22.7%). The cross-countries comparisons showed significant (p values from .048 and < .001) overall lower locomotor and ball skills scores for Brazilian children; the only exceptions were skipping, catching, and kicking. We observed stability in performance, across countries, after 8-years-old, and no ceiling effects were found in the samples. Conclusions The Brazilian sample emphasized the need for national strategies to foster children’s motor proficiency. Differences in motor opportunities may explain the differences in motor trajectories between children in WEIRD and LMIC countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cristina Valentini
- Department of Physical Education, Physiotherapy, and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Glauber Carvalho Nobre
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Instituto Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Radanović D, Đorđević D, Stanković M, Pekas D, Bogataj Š, Trajkovic N. Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) Short Form: A Systematic Review of Studies Conducted in Healthy Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090787. [PMID: 34572219 PMCID: PMC8471722 DOI: 10.3390/children8090787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Motor skill competence of children is one of the important predictors of health because if a child is physically active during early childhood, the possibility of occurrence of many chronic diseases in adulthood will be reduced. The aim of this study was to systematically review the studies conducted in healthy children using the shorter form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky (BOT-2) and to determine the applicability in cross-sectional studies and pre-post designs. The search and analysis of the studies were done in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic databases search (Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley, Science Direct, and Scopus) yielded 250 relevant studies conducted from 2011 to 2020. A total of 21 studies were included in quantitative synthesis, with a total of 3893 participants, both male and female. Through this study, the BOT-2 test proved its broad applicability, so it can be concluded that this test can be used to improve motor proficiency in a healthy population of children. Hence, it is necessary to invest a lot of time during the implementation of various programs so that children would adequately develop their basic motor skills so they broaden their own repertoire of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Radanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Dušan Đorđević
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
| | - Mima Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
| | - Damir Pekas
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Špela Bogataj
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nebojša Trajkovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (D.Đ.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010018. [PMID: 33375134 PMCID: PMC7792958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the world.
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Kaioglou V, Dania A, Venetsanou F. How physically literate are children today? A baseline assessment of Greek children 8-12 years of age. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:741-750. [PMID: 32079493 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1730024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Developing Physical Literacy (PL) in children is considered a promising concept for establishing active lifestyle habits; yet research evidence is scarce. This study aimed at comprehensively assessing PL in 8-12-year-old Greek children. For that purpose, the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL-2) was administered to 715 children (M age = 10.2, SD = 1.3 years). Analyses of variance were applied on participants' total, domain and individual measures scores, examining potential gender and age differences; whereas, participants' classification and proportion across CAPL-2 interpretive categories were computed. Results revealed that there were no practically important differences (η2 < .14) between boys and girls or younger (grades 3 & 4) and older children (grades 5 & 6). Greek children presented insufficient levels of PL (their total score classified them into "progressing" PL level). CAPL-2 domains and individual measures scores showed that participants were highly motivated and felt confident to participate in physical activity (PA); however, they exhibited low PA as well as unsatisfactory physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in PA. Although further research is needed for a comprehensive picture of PL correlates, our findings highlight the need for providing Greek children with ample opportunities to enhance their PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kaioglou
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dafni, Greece
| | - Aspasia Dania
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dafni, Greece
| | - Fotini Venetsanou
- School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dafni, Greece
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Matarma T, Lagström H, Löyttyniemi E, Koski P. Motor Skills of 5-Year-Old Children: Gender Differences and Activity and Family Correlates. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:367-385. [PMID: 31959076 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519900732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear why there may be gender differences in the motor skills of same aged children. We compared motor skill competence of 5-year-old boys and girls ( n = 712) and examined whether variations in time spent in different types of activities and in family-related variables were associated with motor skills. We measured motor skills with the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test, Second Edition short form, and we used parental questionnaires to measure behavioral and family-related variables. Girls outperformed boys on most motor skills tasks, as eight of 14 tests showed statistically significant gender differences ( p < .001). In addition, drawing or doing handicrafts for 60 minutes or more per day was positively associated with fine motor control ( p < .001). Father’s higher education was associated with the children’s better body coordination ( p = .020). Finally, both attending day care ( p = .017) and outdoor physical activity for 60 minutes or more per day ( p = .034) were positively associated with strength and agility. We found no associations between manual coordination and either daily activities or family-related variables. Time spent in different activities of young children should be recognized as a means of enhancing the development of fundamental motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Matarma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Pasi Koski
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland
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