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Nagai M, Hikichi H, Shiba K, Kondo K, Kawachi I, Aida J. Long-Term Trend in the Association Between Disaster Damage and Happiness Before and After the Great East Japan Earthquake. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604901. [PMID: 36188751 PMCID: PMC9515324 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Disasters change survivors’ living circumstances, which can affect their happiness. We examined the trends in the association between disaster damage and happiness before and after a disaster. Methods: We analyzed 4,044 participants aged ≥65 years who had experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. The baseline survey was conducted 7 months before the disaster. Follow-up surveys have been conducted every 3 years. Using a mixed model for repeated measures, we compared the prevalence ratios (PRs) for unhappiness according to the survivors’ level of housing damage, which is a proxy for disaster damage. Results: The unhappiness in participants who suffered severe damage appeared to be higher than in those with no damage in 2010 (multivariate-adjusted PR: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.93–1.48). A higher PR was observed after the earthquake in 2013 (1.34, 0.79–2.28), while there was no difference in 2016 (1.02, 0.53–1.97) and 2019 (1.03, 0.50–2.12). Conclusion: The prevalence of unhappiness in survivors with severe housing damage was higher before the disaster. However, the unhappiness gap between people with and without housing damage converged during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nagai
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masato Nagai,
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Division of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Impact of Evacuation on the Long-Term Trend of Metabolic Syndrome after the Great East Japan Earthquake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159492. [PMID: 35954851 PMCID: PMC9368087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increase in lifestyle-related diseases in Fukushima Prefecture since the Great East Japan Earthquake. However, the overall long-term trends of lifestyle-related diseases in the Fukushima Prefecture according to the evacuation and other area are not reported. Therefore, we examined the long-term trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Fukushima Prefecture according to these areas using a national database. The target population was approximately 330,000–440,000 per year; Fukushima Prefecture residents aged 40–74 years who underwent specific health check-ups during 2008–2017 participated in the study. Fukushima was divided into mountainous, central, coastal and evacuation areas. Using the Poisson regression model, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in each fiscal year was determined by gender and age group for each location and compared before and after the disaster as well as between areas. Prevalence increased significantly throughout the observation period, particularly in the evacuation area. Age- and gender-adjusted prevalence rates significantly increased from 16.2% in 2010 to 19.5% in 2012 (prevalence ratios = 1.21) and 20.4% in 2017 in the evacuation area. Among other areas, coastal areas showed the highest increase with 17.9% (2017), followed by central areas with 16.5% (2017) and mountainous areas with 18.3% (2016). These increases were particularly high among men and the elderly. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased rapidly after the disaster, especially in evacuation area, and continued for subsequent 6–7 year. Long-term monitoring and measures to prevent lifestyle-related diseases are needed after major disasters, especially in evacuation areas, among men and the elderly.
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Hashimoto S, Nagai M, Ohira T, Fukuma S, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Satoh H, Suzuki H, Sakai A, Ohtsuru A, Kawasaki Y, Takahashi A, Okazaki K, Kobashi G, Kamiya K, Yamashita S, Fukuhara SI, Ohto H. Influence of post-disaster evacuation on incidence of hyperuricemia in residents of Fukushima Prefecture: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:1025-1032. [PMID: 32715354 PMCID: PMC7524849 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim After the Great East Japan Earthquake, over 160,000 residents in Fukushima Prefecture were forced to evacuate the area around the Fukushima Daiichi power plant following nuclear accident there. Health problems in these evacuees have since become a major issue. We have examined the association between evacuation and incidence of hyperuricemia among residents in Fukushima. Methods We conducted a cohort study of residents aged 40–90 years without hyperuricemia at the time of the Fukushima disaster. Among 8173 residents who met the inclusion criteria before the disaster, 4789 residents (men: 1971, women: 2818; follow-up duration: 1.38 years; and follow-up rate: 58.6%) remained available for follow-up examinations at the end of March 2013. The main endpoint was incidence of hyperuricemia, defined by the Japanese committee guidelines, using local health data from before and after the disaster. We divided participants by evacuation status and compared outcomes between groups. Using a logistic regression model, we estimated the odds ratio for incidence of hyperuricemia, adjusting for potential confounders, age, gender, waist circumference, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Results Incidence of hyperuricemia was higher in evacuees (men 10.1%; women 1.1%) than in non-evacuees (men 7.4%, women 1.0%). Evacuees had higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lower HDL-cholesterol after the disaster than non-evacuees. We found that evacuation was associated with incidence of hyperuricemia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.86). Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate an association between evacuation after a disaster and increased incidence of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeatsu Hashimoto
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. .,Departmnt of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetology and Nephrology, Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center, 21-2, Maeda, Tanisawa Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, 969-3492, Japan.
| | - Masato Nagai
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Fukuhara
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Toda H, Nomura S, Gilmour S, Tsubokura M, Oikawa T, Lee K, Kiyabu GY, Shibuya K. Assessment of medium-term cardiovascular disease risk after Japan's 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident: a retrospective analysis. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018502. [PMID: 29275343 PMCID: PMC5770825 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the medium-term indirect impact of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks and to identify whether risk factors for CVD changed after the accident. PARTICIPANTS Residents aged 40 years and over participating in annual public health check-ups from 2009 to 2012, administered by Minamisoma city, located about 10 to 40 km from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. METHODS The sex-specific Framingham CVD risk score was considered as the outcome measure and was compared before (2009-2010) and after the accident (2011-2012). A multivariate regression analysis was employed to evaluate risk factors for CVD. RESULTS Data from 563 individuals (60.2% women) aged 40 to 74 years who participated in the check-ups throughout the study period was analysed. After adjusting for covariates, no statistically significant change was identified in the CVD risk score postaccident in both sexes, which may suggest no obvious medium-term health impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on CVD risk. The risk factors for CVD and their magnitude and direction (positive/negative) did not change after the accident. CONCLUSIONS There was no obvious increase in CVD risks in Minamisoma city, which may indicate successful management of health risks associated with CVD in the study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Toda
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Protection, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Oikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Japan
| | - Kiwon Lee
- International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Program (ICAP), Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Grace Y Kiyabu
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Creativ-Ceutical K.K, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagai M, Ohira T, Zhang W, Nakano H, Maeda M, Yasumura S, Abe M. Lifestyle-related factors that explain disaster-induced changes in socioeconomic status and poor subjective health: a cross-sectional study from the Fukushima health management survey. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:340. [PMID: 28427361 PMCID: PMC5397819 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle-related factors are determinants of subjective health. However, changes in SES are inevitable in times of natural disaster, while lifestyle-related factors remain modifiable. The aim of this study was to use a cross-sectional approach to examine lifestyle-related factors that may attenuate the negative impact of disaster-induced changes in SES on poor subjective health. Methods We analyzed 33,350 men and women aged 20–64 years who were living in evacuation zones due to the radiation accident in Fukushima, Japan. Disaster-induced changes in SES were defined by living arrangements and working conditions. Using Poisson regression analysis adjusted for confounders (model 1) and lifestyle-related factors as intermediate variables (model 2), we compared the prevalence ratios (PRs) of poor subjective health of participants who did not undergo disaster-induced changes in SES (did not become unemployed, income did not decrease, and living in relative’s home/own home) with that of participants who did undergo disaster-induced changes in SES (became unemployed, decreased income, or lived in an evacuation shelter, temporary housing, or rental housing/apartment). We calculated the percentage of excess risks explained by lifestyle-related factors as follows: ((PRmodel 1 − PRmodel 2)/(PRmodel 1–1)) × 100. Results Disaster-induced changes in SES were significantly associated with poor subjective health. The PRs (95% CIs) among participants who underwent disaster-induced changes in SES were 2.02 (1.81–2.24) for men and 1.80 (1.65–1.97) for women. After adjusting for lifestyle-related factors, we found that the PRs in men and women were remarkably attenuated, decreasing to 1.56 (1.40–1.73) and 1.43 (1.31–1.55), respectively. Controlling for lifestyle-related factors resulted in PR attenuation by 45.1% (men) and 46.3% (women). Satisfaction of sleep and participation in recreation and community activity particularly contributed to this attenuation. Conclusions While disaster-induced changes in SES are unavoidable, lifestyle-related factors have the potential to attenuate the impact of these changes on poor subjective health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4247-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nagai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan. .,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Hashimoto S, Nagai M, Fukuma S, Ohira T, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Satoh H, Suzuki H, Sakai A, Ohtsuru A, Kawasaki Y, Takahashi A, Ozasa K, Kobashi G, Kamiya K, Yamashita S, Fukuhara SI, Ohto H, Abe M. Influence of Post-disaster Evacuation on Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:327-337. [PMID: 27629253 PMCID: PMC5383548 DOI: 10.5551/jat.35824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM After the Great East Japan Earthquake, over 160,000 residents near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were forced to evacuate due to a nuclear accident. Health problems in these evacuees have since become major issues. We examined the association between evacuation and incidence of metabolic syndrome (METS) among residents in Fukushima. METHODS We conducted a cohort study among residents aged 40-74 years without METS at the time of the disaster in Fukushima. Among 20,269 residents who met the inclusion criteria before the disaster, 8,547 residents (3,697 men and 4,850 women; follow-up proportion: 42.2%) remained available for follow-up examinations after the disaster by the end of March 2013. The main outcome was incidence of METS, defined by guidelines from the Japanese committee, using data from the Comprehensive Health Check before and after the disaster. We divided participants by evacuation status and compared outcomes between groups. Using a logistic regression model, we estimated the odds ratio for incidence of METS, adjusting for potential confounders, age, gender, waist circumference, exercise habit, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Incidence of METS was higher in evacuees (men 19.2%, women 6.6%) than in non-evacuees (men 11.0%, women 4.6%). Evacuees had higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose after the disaster than non-evacuees. We found a significant association between evacuation and incidence of METS (adjusted odds ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval; 1.46-2.02). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that evacuation after a disaster is associated with increased incidence of METS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeatsu Hashimoto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masato Nagai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, The Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Fukuhara
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fukushima Health Management Survey Group
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, The Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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