1
|
Yosief RHS, Lone IM, Nachshon A, Himmelbauer H, Gat‐Viks I, Iraqi FA. Identifying genetic susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus infection using collaborative cross mice and RNA-Seq approach. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:36-47. [PMID: 38356021 PMCID: PMC10961901 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) is one of the most ubiquitous fungi and its infection potency is suggested to be strongly controlled by the host genetic background. The aim of this study was to search for candidate genes associated with host susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) using an RNAseq approach in CC lines and hepatic gene expression. METHODS We studied 31 male mice from 25 CC lines at 8 weeks old; the mice were infected with Af. Liver tissues were extracted from these mice 5 days post-infection, and next-generation RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) was performed. The GENE-E analysis platform was used to generate a clustered heat map matrix. RESULTS Significant variation in body weight changes between CC lines was observed. Hepatic gene expression revealed 12 top prioritized candidate genes differentially expressed in resistant versus susceptible mice based on body weight changes. Interestingly, three candidate genes are located within genomic intervals of the previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL), including Gm16270 and Stox1 on chromosome 10 and Gm11033 on chromosome 8. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the CC mouse model's power in fine mapping the genetic components underlying susceptibility towards Af. As a next step, eQTL analysis will be performed for our RNA-Seq data. Suggested candidate genes from our study will be further assessed with a human cohort with aspergillosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roa'a H. S. Yosief
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Heinz Himmelbauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 181190 ViennaAustria
| | - Irit Gat‐Viks
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jang Y, Moon JH, Jeon BK, Park HJ, Lee HJ, Lee DY. Comprehensive Evaluation System for Post-Metabolic Activity of Potential Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1351-1360. [PMID: 37415082 PMCID: PMC10619556 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that disturb hormonal homeostasis by binding to receptors. EDCs are metabolized through hepatic enzymes, causing altered transcriptional activities of hormone receptors, and thus necessitating the exploration of the potential endocrine-disrupting activities of EDC-derived metabolites. Accordingly, we have developed an integrative workflow for evaluating the post-metabolic activity of potential hazardous compounds. The system facilitates the identification of metabolites that exert hormonal disruption through the integrative application of an MS/MS similarity network and predictive biotransformation based on known hepatic enzymatic reactions. As proof-of-concept, the transcriptional activities of 13 chemicals were evaluated by applying the in vitro metabolic module (S9 fraction). Identified among the tested chemicals were three thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonistic compounds that showed increased transcriptional activities after phase I+II reactions (T3, 309.1 ± 17.3%; DITPA, 30.7 ± 1.8%; GC-1, 160.6 ± 8.6% to the corresponding parents). The metabolic profiles of these three compounds showed common biotransformation patterns, particularly in the phase II reactions (glucuronide conjugation, sulfation, GSH conjugation, and amino acid conjugation). Data-dependent exploration based on molecular network analysis of T3 profiles revealed that lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most enriched biotransformants. The subsequent subnetwork analysis proposed 14 additional features, including T4 in addition to 9 metabolized compounds that were annotated by prediction system based on possible hepatic enzymatic reaction. The other 10 THR agonistic negative compounds showed unique biotransformation patterns according to structural commonality, which corresponded to previous in vivo studies. Our evaluation system demonstrated highly predictive and accurate performance in determining the potential thyroid-disrupting activity of EDC-derived metabolites and for proposing novel biotransformants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurim Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Jeon
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
AlEjielat R, Khaleel A, Batarseh YS, Abu-Qatouseh L, Al-Wawi S, AlSunna T. SNP rs11185644 in RXRA gene and SNP rs2235544 in DIO1 gene predict dosage requirements in a cross-sectional sample of hypothyroid patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:167. [PMID: 37563580 PMCID: PMC10413766 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Primary hypothyroidism due to abnormality in the thyroid gland is the most common endocrine disease The recommended starting dose of levothyroxine replacement therapy is 1.6 µg/kg. This dose however is not optimal for every patient and dose adjustments are frequently done. Genetic polymorphisms in the absorption and metabolism pathway of levothyroxine are likely to influence its dose requirements. This study aimed to study the influence of genetic polymorphisms on levothyroxine replacement requirements. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited through a private nutrition clinic and through announcements distributed in the University of Petra in Amman, Jordan between September 2020 and February 2021. Hypothyroid patients had already been on stable doses of levothyroxine for the previous 3 months. A questionnaire was distributed to collect demographic and clinical information and a blood sample was taken for DNA extraction and clinical biochemistry analysis. rs11249460, rs2235544, rs225014, rs225015, rs3806596, rs11185644, rs4588, rs602662 were analyzed using Applied Biosystems TaqMan™ SNP Genotyping Assays on Rotor-Gene® Q and rs3064744 by direct sequencing. SPSS and Excel were used to perform analysis. RESULTS 76 patients were studied. The equation we calculated to find predicted daily dose of levothyroxine (mcg/kg) is 3.22+ (0.348 for CT genotype of rs11185644, 0 for other genotypes) + 0.027*disease duration (years) - 0.014*age (years) - 0.434*T3 (pmol/L) levels+ (0.296 for CC genotype of rs2235544, 0 for other genotypes). CONCLUSION SNP rs11185644 in RXRA gene and SNP rs2235544 in DIO1 affect dose requirement in hypothyroid patients and if confirmed in larger trials they can be used to individualize thyroxine starting doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rowan AlEjielat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Anas Khaleel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan S Batarseh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Luay Abu-Qatouseh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Suzan Al-Wawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Proença S, van Sabben N, Legler J, Kamstra JH, Kramer NI. The effects of hexabromocyclododecane on the transcriptome and hepatic enzyme activity in three human HepaRG-based models. Toxicology 2023; 485:153411. [PMID: 36572169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis by hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in rodents is hypothesized to be due to HBCD increasing the hepatic clearance of thyroxine (T4). The extent to which these effects are relevant to humans is unclear. To evaluate HBCD effects on humans, the activation of key hepatic nuclear receptors and the consequent disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis were studied in different human hepatic cell models. The hepatoma cell line, HepaRG, cultured as two-dimensional (2D), sandwich (SW) and spheroid (3D) cultures, and primary human hepatocytes (PHH) cultured as sandwich were exposed to 1 and 10 µM HBCD and characterized for their transcriptome changes. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that 3D models, followed by SW, had a stronger transcriptome response to HBCD, which is explained by the higher expression of hepatic nuclear receptors but also greater accumulation of HBCD measured inside cells in these models. The Pregnane X receptor pathway is one of the pathways most upregulated across the three hepatic models, followed by the constitutive androstane receptor and general hepatic nuclear receptors pathways. Lipid metabolism pathways had a downregulation tendency in all exposures and in both PHH and the three cultivation modes of HepaRG. The activity of enzymes related to PXR/CAR induction and T4 metabolism were evaluated in the three different types of HepaRG cultures exposed to HBCD for 48 h. Reference inducers, rifampicin and PCB-153 did affect 2D and SW HepaRG cultures' enzymatic activity but not 3D. HBCD did not induce the activity of any of the studied enzymes in any of the cell models and culture methods. This study illustrates that for nuclear receptor-mediated T4 disruption, transcriptome changes might not be indicative of an actual adverse effect. Clarification of the reasons for the lack of translation is essential to evaluate new chemicals' potential to be thyroid hormone disruptors by altering thyroid hormone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Proença
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Nick van Sabben
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Toxicology Division, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vansell NR. Mechanisms by Which Inducers of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes Alter Thyroid Hormones in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:508-517. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
6
|
Parmentier C, Baze A, Untrau M, Kampkoetter A, Lasserre D, Richert L. Evaluation of human relevance of Nicofluprole-induced rat thyroid disruption. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 435:115831. [PMID: 34922950 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicofluprole is a novel insecticide of the phenylpyrazole class conferring selective antagonistic activity on insect GABA receptors. After repeated daily dietary administration to Wistar rats for 28/90 days, Nicofluprole induced increases in thyroid (and liver) weight, associated with histopathology changes. Nicofluprole did not inhibit thyroid peroxydase nor sodium/iodide symporter, two key players in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, indicating the absence of a direct thyroid effect. The results seen in rats suggested a mode of action of Nicofluprole driven by the molecular initiating event of CAR/PXR nuclear receptor activation in livers, with key events of increases in liver weight and hypertrophy, decreasing circulatory thyroid hormones, a compensatory increase in TSH release and follicular cell hypertrophy. To explore the relevance of these changes to humans, well established in vitro rat and human sandwich-cultured hepatocytes were exposed to Nicofluprole up to 7 days. A concentration-dependent CYP3A induction (PXR-activation), an increase in T4-glucuronoconjugation accompanied by UGT1A/2B inductions was observed in rat but not in human hepatocytes. The inductions seen with Nicofluprole in rat (in vivo and in vitro in hepatocytes) that were absent in human hepatocytes represent another example of species-selectivity of nuclear CAR/PXR receptor activators. Importantly, the different pattern observed in rat and human models demonstrate that Nicofluprole-related thyroid effects observed in the rat are with no human relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Parmentier
- KaLy-Cell S.A.S, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France.
| | - Audrey Baze
- KaLy-Cell S.A.S, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France.
| | - Meiggie Untrau
- KaLy-Cell S.A.S, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France
| | - Andreas Kampkoetter
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, An Elanco Animal Health Company, 50 Alfred-Nobel-Strasse, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Dominique Lasserre
- Bayer S.A.S. Bayer CropScience, 355 rue Dostoïevski, F-06560 Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell S.A.S, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plummer S, Beaumont B, Elcombe M, Wallace S, Wright J, Mcinnes EF, Currie RA, Cowie D. Species differences in phenobarbital-mediated UGT gene induction in rat and human liver microtissues. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:155-161. [PMID: 33473352 PMCID: PMC7803626 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species differences in UGT induction could mediate thyroid cancer susceptibility. The effect of CAR activators on rat thyroid carcinogenesis could be partly explained by differential induction of Ugt 2b17. Human UGT changes would likely contribute less to species differences in T4 metabolism than rat UGT changes.
Species differences in hepatic metabolism of thyroxine (T4) by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) and susceptibility to thyroid hormone imbalance could underlie differences in thyroid carcinogenesis caused by hepatic enzyme inducers in rats and humans. To investigate this hypothesis we examined profiles of hepatic UGT induction by the prototypical CAR activator phenobarbital (PB) in rat and human liver 3D microtissues. The rationale for this approach was that 3D microtissues would generate data more relevant to humans. Rat and human liver 3D microtissues were exposed to PB over a range of concentrations (500 u M - 2000 u M) and times (24−96 hr). Microarray and proteomics analyses were performed on parallel samples to generate integrated differentially expressed gene (DEG) datasets. Bioinformatics analysis of DEG data, including CAR response element (CRE) sequence analysis of UGT promoters, was used to assess species differences in UGT induction relative to CAR-mediated transactivation potential. A higher proportion of human UGT promoters were found to contain consensus CREs compared to the rat homologs. UGTs 1a6, 2b17 and 2b37 were upregulated by PB in rat liver 3D microtissues, but unaltered in human liver 3D microtissues. By contrast, human UGTs 1A8, 1A10 and 2B10 showed higher levels of induction (RNA and /or protein) compared to the rat homologs. There was general concordance between the presence of CREs and the induction of UGT RNA. As UGT1A and 2B isoforms metabolise T4, these results suggest that differences in UGT induction could contribute to differential susceptibility to CAR-mediated thyroid carcinogenesis in rats and humans.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernie KJ, Karouna-Renier NK, Letcher RJ, Schultz SL, Peters LE, Palace V, Henry PFP. Endocrine and physiological responses of hatchling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) following embryonic exposure to technical short-chain chlorinated paraffins (C 10-13). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106087. [PMID: 32950788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes, shown to bioaccumulate but with unknown effects in wild birds. The present study examined development-related effects of SCCPs on captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) treated in ovo on embryonic day (ED) 5 by injection with technical Chloroparaffin® (C10-13, 55.5% Cl) at environmentally relevant nominal (measured) concentrations of 10 (10), 50 (29) or 100 (97) ng ΣSCCP/g egg ww, and artificially incubated until hatching (ED27-ED29). The SCCP concentrations measured in the yolk sacs of the hatchling kestrels bracketed concentrations reported in the eggs of wild birds. Uptake and deposition of these SCCPs differed between male and female hatchlings, with only males showing differences in SCCP concentrations, being highest in the high-dose males than each of the other male groups. Embryonic exposure to SCCPs suppressed glandular total thyroxine (TT4) (20-33%) and reduced circulating triiodothyronine (TT3) (37-40%) in male hatchlings only when compared to control males, but had no effect on glandular TT3 or circulating TT4 in male or female kestrels. Histological assessments of thyroid glands showed that both sexes experienced significant structural changes indicative of gland activation. These thyroid glandular changes and the variations in SCCP concentrations were related to circulating TT3 in female hatchlings. Hepatic deiodinase enzyme (D1, D2) activities were stable and no SCCP-related changes were observed in hatching success, hatchling size, or immune organ size. However, several of the thyroid function indicators were correlated with hatchling size and smaller bursas and spleens, possibly indirectly through SCCP-induced changes in thyroid function. Because changes in thyroid function were evident at concentrations measured in wild bird eggs, similar changes may occur in wild nestlings. The potential impact of these changes on thyroid-mediated growth and survival in wild birds requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - N K Karouna-Renier
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC, East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - R J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - S L Schultz
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, BARC, East Bldg 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - L E Peters
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - V Palace
- International Institute of Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 0T4, Canada
| | - P F P Henry
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shockley KR, Cora MC, Malarkey DE, Jackson-Humbles D, Vallant M, Collins BJ, Mutlu E, Robinson VG, Waidyanatha S, Zmarowski A, Machesky N, Richey J, Harbo S, Cheng E, Patton K, Sparrow B, Dunnick JK. Comparative toxicity and liver transcriptomics of legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants following 5-day exposure in the rat. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:222-234. [PMID: 32679240 PMCID: PMC7903589 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relative toxicity of three legacy and six emerging brominated flame retardants* was studied in the male Harlan Sprague Dawley rat. The hepatocellular and thyroid toxicity of each flame retardant was evaluated following five-day exposure to each of the nine flame retardants (oral gavage in corn oil) at 0.1-1000 μmol/kg body weight per day. Histopathology and transcriptomic analysis were performed on the left liver lobe. Centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes and increases in liver weight were seen following exposure to two legacy (PBDE-47, HBCD) and to one emerging flame retardant (HCDBCO). Total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations were reduced to the greatest extent after PBDE-47 exposure. The PBDE-47, decaBDE, and HBCD liver transcriptomes were characterized by upregulation of liver disease-related and/or metabolic transcripts. Fewer liver disease or metabolic transcript changes were detected for the other flame retardants studied (TBB, TBPH, TBBPA-DBPE, BTBPE, DBDPE, or HCDBCO). PBDE-47 exhibited the most disruption of hepatocellular toxic endpoints, with the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway transcripts upregulated to the greatest extent, although some activation of this pathway also occurred after decaBDE, HBCD, TBB, and HCBCO exposure. These studies provide information that can be used for prioritizing the need for more in-depth brominated flame retardant toxicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Michelle C Cora
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - David E Malarkey
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Molly Vallant
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Brad J Collins
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Esra Mutlu
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Veronica G Robinson
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Surayma Waidyanatha
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sam Harbo
- Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Emily Cheng
- Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | | | | | - June K Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Strupp C, Quesnot N, Weber-Parmentier C, Richert L, Bomann WH, Singh P. Weight of Evidence and Human Relevance Evaluation of the Benfluralin Mode of Action in Rats (Part II): Thyroid carcinogenesis. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104736. [PMID: 32798613 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Benfluralin is an herbicide of the dinitroaniline class used to control grasses and weeds. In a 2 year dietary study in rats, benfluralin increased incidences of thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma at high dietary concentrations (≥2500 ppm). The benfluralin toxicology database suggests the mode of action (MOA) is initiated by induction of liver metabolizing enzymes, particularly thyroid hormone specific UGTs, a major pathway for T4 clearance in rats. As reported with phenobarbital, this effect triggers negative feedback regulation, increasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release into circulating blood. When sustained over time, this leads to thyroid changes such as follicular hypertrophy, hyperplasia and thyroid follicular tumors with chronic exposures. The described MOA was previously established in rat studies with various chemical activators of xenobiotic receptors in the liver. It is generally considered as non-relevant in humans, due to differences between humans and rats in T4 turnover and susceptibility to this carcinogenic MOA. A structured methodology based on the IPCS/MOA/Human Relevance framework was used in the evaluation of available benfluralin data, and the conclusion was determined that the carcinogenic potential of benfluralin in the thyroid is not relevant in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Strupp
- Gowan, Highlands House, Basingstoke Road, Spencers Wood Reading, Berkshire, RG7 1NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicolas Quesnot
- Charles River Laboratories Evreux, 27005, Evreux Cedex, France.
| | | | | | - Werner H Bomann
- ToxConsult®, 9393 W 110th Street, 51 Corporate Woods, Suite 500, Overland Park, KS, 66210, USA.
| | - Pramila Singh
- Charles River Laboratories Evreux, 27005, Evreux Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, Travlos G, Gerrish KE, Ton TV, Wilson RE, Brar SS, Brix AE, Waidyanatha S, Mutlu E, Pandiri AR. Hepatic Transcriptomic Patterns in the Neonatal Rat After Pentabromodiphenyl Ether Exposure. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:338-349. [PMID: 31826744 PMCID: PMC7596650 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319888433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture (DE-71) and its PBDE-47 congener can occur both in utero and during lactation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PBDE-induced neonatal hepatic transcriptomic alterations in Wistar Han rat pups can inform on potential toxicity and carcinogenicity after longer term PBDE exposures. Wistar Han rat dams were exposed to either DE-71 or PBDE-47 daily from gestation day (GD 6) through postnatal day 4 (PND 4). Total plasma thyroxine (T4) was decreased in PND 4 pups. In liver, transcripts for CYPs and conjugation enzymes, Nrf2, and ABC transporters were upregulated. In general, the hepatic transcriptomic alterations after exposure to DE-71 or PBDE-47 were similar and provided early indicators of oxidative stress and metabolic alterations, key characteristics of toxicity processes. The transcriptional benchmark dose lower confidence limits of the most sensitive biological processes were lower for PBDE-47 than for the PBDE mixture. Neonatal rat liver transcriptomic data provide early indicators on molecular pathway alterations that may lead to toxicity and/or carcinogenicity if the exposures continue for longer durations. These early toxicogenomic indicators may be used to help prioritize chemicals for a more complete toxicity and cancer risk evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - K. R. Shockley
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - D. L. Morgan
- Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - G. Travlos
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - K. E. Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - T. V. Ton
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - R. E. Wilson
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - S. S. Brar
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - A. E. Brix
- EPL, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - S. Waidyanatha
- Program Operations Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - E. Mutlu
- Program Operations Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - A. R. Pandiri
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Plummer S, Beaumont B, Wallace S, Ball G, Wright J, McInnes L, Currie R, Peffer R, Cowie D. Cross-species comparison of CAR-mediated procarcinogenic key events in a 3D liver microtissue model. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:998-1005. [PMID: 31673501 PMCID: PMC6816142 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterisation of the mode of action (MOA) of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)-mediated rodent liver tumours involves measurement 5 key events including activation of the CAR receptor, altered gene expression, hepatocellular proliferation, clonal expansion and increased hepatocellular adenomas/carcinomas. To test whether or not liver 3D microtissues (LiMTs) recapitulate CAR- mediated procarcinogenic key events in response to the prototypical CAR activator phenobarbital (PB) we performed hepatocyte proliferation (LI%) analysis in rat and human LiMTs using a microTMA technology in conjunction with integrated transcriptomics (microarray) and proteomics analysis. The rationale for this approach was that LiMTs containing parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) are more physiologically representative of liver and thus would generate data more relevant to the in vivo situation. Rat and human LiMTs were treated with PB over a range of concentrations (500 uM - 2000 uM) and times (24 h - 96 h) in a dose-response/time-course analysis. There was a dose-dependent induction of LI% in rat LiMTs, however there was little or no effect of PB on LI% in human LiMTs. ATP levels in the rat and human LiMTs were similar to control in all of the PB treatments. There was also a dose- and time-dependent PB-mediated RNA induction of CAR regulated genes CYP2B6/Cyp2b2, CYP3A7/Cyp3a9 and UGT1A6/Ugt1a6 in human and rat LiMTs, respectively. These CAR regulated genes were also upregulated at the protein level. Ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) indicated that there was a significant (Z score >2.0;-log p value >) activation of CAR by PB in both human and rat LiMTs. These results indicate that human and rat LiMTs showed the expected responses at the level of PB-induced hepatocyte proliferation and enzyme induction with rat LiMTs showing significant dose-dependent effects while human LiMTs showed no proliferation response but did show dose-dependent enzyme induction at the RNA and protein levels. In conclusion LiMTs serve as a model to provide mechanistic data for 3 of the 5 key events considered necessary to establish a CAR-mediated MOA for liver tumourigenesis and thus can potentially reduce the use of animals when compiling mechanistic data packages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Graeme Ball
- Dundee University Imaging Facility, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meech R, Hu DG, McKinnon RA, Mubarokah SN, Haines AZ, Nair PC, Rowland A, Mackenzie PI. The UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGT) Superfamily: New Members, New Functions, and Novel Paradigms. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1153-1222. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the covalent addition of sugars to a broad range of lipophilic molecules. This biotransformation plays a critical role in elimination of a broad range of exogenous chemicals and by-products of endogenous metabolism, and also controls the levels and distribution of many endogenous signaling molecules. In mammals, the superfamily comprises four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes have important roles in pharmacology and toxicology including contributing to interindividual differences in drug disposition as well as to cancer risk. These UGTs are highly expressed in organs of detoxification (e.g., liver, kidney, intestine) and can be induced by pathways that sense demand for detoxification and for modulation of endobiotic signaling molecules. The functions of the UGT3 and UGT8 family enzymes have only been characterized relatively recently; these enzymes show different UDP-sugar preferences to that of UGT1 and UGT2 enzymes, and to date, their contributions to drug metabolism appear to be relatively minor. This review summarizes and provides critical analysis of the current state of research into all four families of UGT enzymes. Key areas discussed include the roles of UGTs in drug metabolism, cancer risk, and regulation of signaling, as well as the transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of UGT expression and function. The latter part of this review provides an in-depth analysis of the known and predicted functions of UGT3 and UGT8 enzymes, focused on their likely roles in modulation of levels of endogenous signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Meech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dong Gui Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siti Nurul Mubarokah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alex Z. Haines
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pramod C. Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter I. Mackenzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bartsch R, Brinkmann B, Jahnke G, Laube B, Lohmann R, Michaelsen S, Neumann I, Greim H. Human relevance of follicular thyroid tumors in rodents caused by non-genotoxic substances. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:199-208. [PMID: 30076866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stimulation of the thyroid gland of rodents by TSH leads to thyroid follicular hyperplasia and subsequently to thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas. However, the interpretations of rodent thyroid tumors are contradictory. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that findings with drugs that lead to increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in rats are not relevant to humans, whereas the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) concluded that chemicals that produce rodent thyroid tumors may pose a carcinogenic hazard for humans although the thyroid of rodents appears to be more sensitive to a carcinogenic stimulus than that of humans. Meanwhile, based on the CLP Criteria of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), rodent thyroid tumors caused by the induction of uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferases (UDGT) were assessed as not relevant to humans. To clarify these discrepant positions, the function and regulation of the thyroid gland are described and the types of thyroid tumors and the causes of their development in humans and animals are examined. Based on these data and the evidence that so far, except radiation, no chemical is known to increase the incidence of thyroid tumors in humans, it is concluded that rodent thyroid tumors resulting from continuous stimulation of the thyroid gland by increased TSH levels are not relevant to humans. Consequently, compounds that induce such tumors do not warrant classification as carcinogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruediger Bartsch
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Brinkmann
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jahnke
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Laube
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ruth Lohmann
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandra Michaelsen
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ingrid Neumann
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helmut Greim
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen DW, Du Z, Zhang CZ, Zhang WH, Cao YF, Sun HZ, Zhu ZT, Yang K, Liu YZ, Zhao ZW, Fu ZW, Gu WQ, Yu Y, Fang ZZ. The inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) by tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Xenobiotica 2017; 48:250-257. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1304593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China,
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Zuo Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Chun-Ze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China, and
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China, and
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Tu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Yong-Zhe Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Ze-Wei Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Zhi-Wei Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Wen-Qing Gu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China,
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China,
| | - Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paul Friedman K, Papineni S, Marty MS, Yi KD, Goetz AK, Rasoulpour RJ, Kwiatkowski P, Wolf DC, Blacker AM, Peffer RC. A predictive data-driven framework for endocrine prioritization: a triazole fungicide case study. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:785-833. [PMID: 27347635 PMCID: PMC5044773 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1193722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) is a tiered screening approach to determine the potential for a chemical to interact with estrogen, androgen, or thyroid hormone systems and/or perturb steroidogenesis. Use of high-throughput screening (HTS) to predict hazard and exposure is shifting the EDSP approach to (1) prioritization of chemicals for further screening; and (2) targeted use of EDSP Tier 1 assays to inform specific data needs. In this work, toxicology data for three triazole fungicides (triadimefon, propiconazole, and myclobutanil) were evaluated, including HTS results, EDSP Tier 1 screening (and other scientifically relevant information), and EPA guideline mammalian toxicology study data. The endocrine-related bioactivity predictions from HTS and information that satisfied the EDSP Tier 1 requirements were qualitatively concordant. Current limitations in the available HTS battery for thyroid and steroidogenesis pathways were mitigated by inclusion of guideline toxicology studies in this analysis. Similar margins (3-5 orders of magnitude) were observed between HTS-predicted human bioactivity and exposure values and between in vivo mammalian bioactivity and EPA chronic human exposure estimates for these products' registered uses. Combined HTS hazard and human exposure predictions suggest low priority for higher-tiered endocrine testing of these triazoles. Comparison with the mammalian toxicology database indicated that this HTS-based prioritization would have been protective for any potential in vivo effects that form the basis of current risk assessment for these chemicals. This example demonstrates an effective, human health protective roadmap for EDSP evaluation of pesticide active ingredients via prioritization using HTS and guideline toxicology information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabitha Papineni
- Human Health Assessment, Dow AgroSciences LLC,
Indianapolis,
IN,
USA
| | - M. Sue Marty
- Toxicology & Environmental Research and Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company,
Midland,
MI,
USA
| | - Kun Don Yi
- Toxicology and Health Sciences, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC,
Greensboro,
NC,
USA
| | - Amber K. Goetz
- Toxicology and Health Sciences, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC,
Greensboro,
NC,
USA
| | | | - Pat Kwiatkowski
- Human Safety, Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park,
NC,
USA
| | - Douglas C. Wolf
- Toxicology and Health Sciences, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC,
Greensboro,
NC,
USA
| | - Ann M. Blacker
- Human Safety, Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park,
NC,
USA
| | - Richard C. Peffer
- Toxicology and Health Sciences, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC,
Greensboro,
NC,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kutsuno Y, Hirashima R, Sakamoto M, Ushikubo H, Michimae H, Itoh T, Tukey RH, Fujiwara R. Expression of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) and Glucuronidation Activity toward Endogenous Substances in Humanized UGT1 Mouse Brain. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1071-6. [PMID: 25953521 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, they are also involved in the metabolism of endogenous compounds. Certain substrates of UGTs, such as serotonin and estradiol, play important roles in the brain. However, the expression of UGTs in the human brain has not been fully clarified. Recently, humanized UGT1 mice (hUGT1 mice) in which the original Ugt1 locus was disrupted and replaced with the human UGT1 locus have been developed. In the present study, the expression pattern of UGT1As in brains from humans and hUGT1 mice was examined. We found that UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A6, and 1A10 were expressed in human brains. The expression pattern of UGT1As in hUGT1 mouse brains was similar to that in human brains. In addition, we examined the expression of UGT1A1 and 1A6 in the cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, midbrain, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of hUGT1 mice. UGT1A1 in all brain regions and UGT1A6 in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of 6-month-old hUGT1 mice were expressed at a significantly higher rate than those of 2-week-old hUGT1 mice. A difference in expression levels between brain regions was also observed. Brain microsomes exhibited glucuronidation activities toward estradiol and serotonin, with mean values of 0.13 and 5.17 pmol/min/mg, respectively. In conclusion, UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 might play an important role in function regulation of endogenous compounds in a region- and age-dependent manner. Humanized UGT1 mice might be useful to study the importance of brain UGTs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kutsuno
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Rika Hirashima
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Masaya Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Hiroko Ushikubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Hirofumi Michimae
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics (Y.K., R.H., M.S., T.I., R.F.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology (H.U.), and Division of Biostatistics (H.M.), School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (R.H.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramírez J, Mirkov S, House LK, Ratain MJ. Glucuronidation of OTS167 in Humans Is Catalyzed by UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:928-35. [PMID: 25870101 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OTS167 is a potent maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase inhibitor undergoing clinical testing as antineoplastic agent. We aimed to identify the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in OTS167 metabolism, study the relationship between UGT genetic polymorphisms and hepatic OTS167 glucuronidation, and investigate the inhibitory potential of OTS167 on UGTs. Formation of a single OTS167-glucuronide (OTS167-G) was observed in pooled human liver (HLM) (Km = 3.4 ± 0.2 µM), intestinal microsomes (HIM) (Km = 1.7 ± 0.1 µM), and UGTs. UGT1A1 (64 µl/min/mg) and UGT1A8 (72 µl/min/mg) exhibited the highest intrinsic clearances (CLint) for OTS167, followed by UGT1A3 (51 µl/min/mg) and UGT1A10 (47 µl/min/mg); UGT1A9 was a minor contributor. OTS167 glucuronidation in HLM was highly correlated with thyroxine glucuronidation (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001), SN-38 glucuronidation (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001), and UGT1A1 mRNA (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001). Nilotinib (UGT1A1 inhibitor) and emodin (UGT1A8 and UGT1A10 inhibitor) exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on OTS167-G formation in HLM (68%) and HIM (47%). We hypothesize that OTS167-G is an N-glucuronide according to mass spectrometry. A significant association was found between rs6706232 and reduced OTS167-G formation (P = 0.03). No or weak UGT inhibition (range: 0-21%) was observed using clinically relevant OTS167 concentrations (0.4-2 µM). We conclude that UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 are the main UGTs responsible for hepatic formation of OTS167-G. Intestinal UGT1A1, UGT1A8, and UGT1A10 may contribute to first-pass OTS167 metabolism after oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Snezana Mirkov
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larry K House
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark J Ratain
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao C, Shi R, Wang T, Tan H, Xu H, Ma Y. Interaction between oblongifolin C and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in human liver and intestine microsomes. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:578-85. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1004205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
20
|
Santoro AB, Vargens DD, Barros Filho MDC, Bulzico DA, Kowalski LP, Meirelles RMR, Paula DP, Neves RRS, Pessoa CN, Struchine CJ, Suarez-Kurtz G. Effect of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphisms on L-thyroxine doses required for TSH suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 78:1067-75. [PMID: 24910925 PMCID: PMC4243881 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms in uridine 5'-glucuronosylytansferases UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 and iodothyronine-deiodinases types 1 and 2 on levothyroxine (T4 ; 3,5,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine) dose requirement for suppression of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). METHODS Patients (n = 268) submitted to total thyroidectomy and ablation by (131) I, under T4 therapy for at least 6 months were recruited in three public institutions in Brazil. Multivariate regression modelling was applied to assess the association of T4 dosing with polymorphisms in UGT1A1 (rs8175347), UGT1A3 (rs3806596 and rs1983023), DIO1 (rs11206244 and rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs225014 and rs12885300), demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS A regression model including UGT1A haplotypes, age, gender, body weight and serum TSH concentration accounted for 39% of the inter-individual variation in the T4 dosage. The association of T4 dose with UGT1A haplotype is attributed to reduced UGT1A1 expression and T4 glucuronidation in liver of carriers of low expression UGT1A1 rs8175347 alleles. The DIO1 and DIO2 genotypes had no influence of T4 dosage. CONCLUSION UGT1A haplotypes associate with T4 dosage in DTC patients, but the effect accounts for only 2% of the total variability and recommendation of pre-emptive UGT1A genotyping is not warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Santoro
- Divisão de Farmacologia, Instituto Nacional de CâncerRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela D Vargens
- Divisão de Farmacologia, Instituto Nacional de CâncerRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel A Bulzico
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Nacional de CâncerRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, AC Camargo Cancer CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M R Meirelles
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz CapriglioneRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Paula
- Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo R S Neves
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz CapriglioneRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cencita N Pessoa
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Nacional de CâncerRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio J Struchine
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo CruzRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Richardson VM, Ferguson SS, Sey YM, DeVito MJ. In vitrometabolism of thyroxine by rat and human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:391-403. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.847990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
Murk AJ, Rijntjes E, Blaauboer BJ, Clewell R, Crofton KM, Dingemans MML, Furlow JD, Kavlock R, Köhrle J, Opitz R, Traas T, Visser TJ, Xia M, Gutleb AC. Mechanism-based testing strategy using in vitro approaches for identification of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1320-46. [PMID: 23453986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) system is involved in several important physiological processes, including regulation of energy metabolism, growth and differentiation, development and maintenance of brain function, thermo-regulation, osmo-regulation, and axis of regulation of other endocrine systems, sexual behaviour and fertility and cardiovascular function. Therefore, concern about TH disruption (THD) has resulted in strategies being developed to identify THD chemicals (THDCs). Information on potential of chemicals causing THD is typically derived from animal studies. For the majority of chemicals, however, this information is either limited or unavailable. It is also unlikely that animal experiments will be performed for all THD relevant chemicals in the near future for ethical, financial and practical reasons. In addition, typical animal experiments often do not provide information on the mechanism of action of THDC, making it harder to extrapolate results across species. Relevant effects may not be identified in animal studies when the effects are delayed, life stage specific, not assessed by the experimental paradigm (e.g., behaviour) or only occur when an organism has to adapt to environmental factors by modulating TH levels. Therefore, in vitro and in silico alternatives to identify THDC and quantify their potency are needed. THDC have many potential mechanisms of action, including altered hormone production, transport, metabolism, receptor activation and disruption of several feed-back mechanisms. In vitro assays are available for many of these endpoints, and the application of modern '-omics' technologies, applicable for in vivo studies can help to reveal relevant and possibly new endpoints for inclusion in a targeted THDC in vitro test battery. Within the framework of the ASAT initiative (Assuring Safety without Animal Testing), an international group consisting of experts in the areas of thyroid endocrinology, toxicology of endocrine disruption, neurotoxicology, high-throughput screening, computational biology, and regulatory affairs has reviewed the state of science for (1) known mechanisms for THD plus examples of THDC; (2) in vitro THD tests currently available or under development related to these mechanisms; and (3) in silico methods for estimating the blood levels of THDC. Based on this scientific review, the panel has recommended a battery of test methods to be able to classify chemicals as of less or high concern for further hazard and risk assessment for THD. In addition, research gaps and needs are identified to be able to optimize and validate the targeted THD in vitro test battery for a mechanism-based strategy for a decision to opt out or to proceed with further testing for THD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AlberTinka J Murk
- Wageningen University, Sub-department of Toxicology, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Furukawa T, Yamano K, Naritomi Y, Tanaka K, Terashita S, Teramura T. Method for predicting human intestinal first-pass metabolism of UGT substrate compounds. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:980-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.680620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
Association of the UGT1A1-53(TA)n polymorphism with L-thyroxine doses required for thyrotropin suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 21:341-3. [PMID: 21317830 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283448d19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a considerable interindividual variation in L-thyroxine [3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine (T4)] dose required for thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. To investigate whether uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)-mediated T4 glucuronidation in liver affects T4 dose, we genotyped 101 patients for the common UGT1A1-53(TA)n polymorphism and compared T4 doses among patients having zero (5/6 and 6/6 genotypes), one (6/7 genotype), or two (7/7 and 7/8 genotypes) copies of the low-expression (TA)7 and (TA)8 alleles. A significant trend for decreasing T4 dose with increasing number of copies of (TA)7 and (TA)8 (P=0.037) and significant difference in T4 dose across the UGT1A1-53(TA)n genotypes (P=0.048) were observed, despite considerable overlap of T4 doses among different genotypes. These results are consistent with reduced T4 glucuronidation in patients with low-expression (TA)7 and (TA)8 alleles and provide the first evidence for association between UGT1A1-53(TA)n and T4-dose requirement for thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression in a natural clinical setting.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ginsberg G, Guyton K, Johns D, Schimek J, Angle K, Sonawane B. Genetic polymorphism in metabolism and host defense enzymes: implications for human health risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 40:575-619. [PMID: 20662711 DOI: 10.3109/10408441003742895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes can have profound influence on enzyme function, with implications for chemical clearance and internal dose. The effects of polymorphisms have been evaluated for certain therapeutic drugs but there has been relatively little investigation with environmental toxicants. Polymorphisms can also affect the function of host defense mechanisms and thus modify the pharmacodynamic response. This review and analysis explores the feasibility of using polymorphism data in human health risk assessment for four enzymes, two involved in conjugation (uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases [UGTs], sulfotransferases [SULTs]), and two involved in detoxification (microsomal epoxide hydrolase [EPHX1], NADPH quinone oxidoreductase I [NQO1]). This set of evaluations complements our previous analyses with oxidative and conjugating enzymes. Of the numerous UGT and SULT enzymes, the greatest likelihood for polymorphism effect on conjugation function are for SULT1A1 (*2 polymorphism), UGT1A1 (*6, *7, *28 polymorphisms), UGT1A7 (*3 polymorphism), UGT2B15 (*2 polymorphism), and UGT2B17 (null polymorphism). The null polymorphism in NQO1 has the potential to impair host defense. These highlighted polymorphisms are of sufficient frequency to be prioritized for consideration in chemical risk assessments. In contrast, SNPs in EPHX1 are not sufficiently influential or defined for inclusion in risk models. The current analysis is an important first step in bringing the highlighted polymorphisms into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ginsberg
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang J, Ding L, Hu L, Qian W, Jin S, Sun X, Wang Z, Xiao W. Metabolism of gambogic acid in rats: a rare intestinal metabolic pathway responsible for its final disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:617-26. [PMID: 21191083 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) is a promising natural anticancer candidate. Although the anticancer activity of GA has been well demonstrated, information regarding the metabolic fate of GA is limited. Previous studies suggested that GA is mainly excreted into intestinal tract in rats through bile after intravenous administration, whereas only traces appeared in the feces, suggesting that GA is metabolized extensively in the intestine. However, there has been no report about the intestinal metabolism of GA either in animals or humans. In this study, large amounts of two sulfonic acid metabolites of GA were found in the feces samples of rats after intravenous administration, and their structures were identified as 10-α sulfonic acid GA and 10-β sulfonic acid GA by comparison of the retention times and spectral data with those of synthesized reference substances using liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry. This rare intestinal metabolic pathway mainly involves Michael addition of the sulfite ion to the 9,10 carbon-carbon double bond of α,β-unsaturated ketone. In addition, a more detailed metabolic profile in rats is proposed, according to the results of in vitro and in vivo studies. It was found that GA can be metabolized by a variety of routes, including monooxidation, hydration, glutathionylation, glucuronidation, and glucosidation in the liver of rats. These findings provide information on the major metabolic soft spot of GA in the intestine and liver of rats, which is not only useful in the future human metabolic study of this compound but also of value in the metabolic studies of GA analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Synergistic acceleration of thyroid hormone degradation by phenobarbital and the PPARα agonist WY14643 in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:99-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|