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Shivaram S, Gao H, Qin S, Liu D, Weinshilboum RM, Wang L. Cytochrome P450 Transcriptional Regulation by Testis-Specific Y-Encoded-Like Protein: Identification of Novel Upstream Transcription Factors. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1-7. [PMID: 36153008 PMCID: PMC9832376 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) display significant inter-individual variation in expression, much of which remains unexplained by known CYP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Testis-specific Y-encoded-like proteins (TSPYLs) are transcriptional regulators for several drug-metabolizing CYPs including CYP3A4 However, transcription factors (TFs) that might influence CYP expression through an effect on TSPYL expression are unknown. Therefore, we studied regulators of TSPYL expression in hepatic cell lines and their possible SNP-dependent variation. Specifically, we identified candidate TFs that might influence TSPYL expression using the ENCODE ChIPseq database. Subsequently, the expression of TSPYL1/2/4 as well as that of selected CYP targets for TSPYL regulation were assayed in hepatic cell lines before and after knockdown of TFs that might influence CYP expression through TSPYL-dependent mechanisms. Those results were confirmed by studies of TF binding to TSPYL1/2/4 gene promoter regions. In hepatic cell lines, knockdown of the REST and ZBTB7A TFs resulted in decreased TSPYL1 and TSPYL4 expression and increased CYP3A4 expression, changes reversed by TSPYL1/4 overexpression. Potential binding sites for REST and ZBTB7A on the promoters of TSPYL1 and TSPYL4 were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, common SNP variants in upstream binding sites on the TSPYL1/4 promoters were identified and luciferase reporter constructs confirmed SNP-dependent modulation of TSPYL1/4 gene transcription. In summary, we identified REST and ZBTB7A as regulators of the expression of TSPYL genes which themselves can contribute to regulation of CYP expression and-potentially-of drug metabolism. SNP-dependent modulation of TSPYL transcription may contribute to individual variation in both CYP expression and-downstream-drug response phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Testis-specific Y-encoded-like proteins (TSPYLs) are transcriptional regulators of cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. Here, we report that variation in TSPYL expression as a result of the effects of genetically regulated TSPYL transcription factors is an additional factor that could result in downstream variation in CYP expression and potentially, as a result, variation in drug biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganti Shivaram
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sisi Qin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Duan Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Variability of CYP2C8 Polymorphisms in Three Jordanian Populations: Circassians, Chechens and Jordanian-Arabs. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:1167-1176. [PMID: 34448113 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CYP2C8 is a member of Cytochrome P450 enzymes system. It plays an important role in metabolizing a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds. CYP2C8 is involved in the metabolism of more than 100 drugs, typical substrates include: anticancer agents, antidiabetic agents, antimalarial agents, lipid lowering drugs and many others that constitute 20% of clinically prescribed drugs. Genetic variations of CYP2C8 have been reported with different frequencies in different populations. These genetic polymorphisms can lead to differences in the efficacy and safety of different types of medications metabolized by CYP2C8. The aim of this study was to investigate the allele frequencies of CYP2C8*3 (rs10509681 and rs11572080) and CYP2C8*4 (rs1058930) polymorphisms in three populations living in Jordan; Circassians and Chechens and Jordanian-Arabs and compare those frequencies with other populations. A total of 200 healthy Jordanians, 93 Circassians and 88 Chechens were included in this study. Genotyping of CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C8*4 polymorphisms was done by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Using the Chi-square test, we found that the prevalence of CYP2C8*3 and *4 among the three populations were significantly different. Moreover, the mutant allele CYP2C8*3 (416A) was only detected in the Jordanian-Arab population with an allele frequency of 0.082, while the mutant allele CYP2C8*4 (792G) was detected with frequencies of 0.065, 0.122, 0.017 in Jordanian-Arabs, Circassians and Chechens, respectively. As our results show, CYP2C8*3 was undetectable in our Circassians and Chechens samples, on the other hand, Circassians had the highest allele frequency of CYP2C8*4 compared to Chechens and Jordanian-Arabs. These genetic variations of the gene encoding the CYP2C8 drug metabolizing enzymes can lead to clinical differences in drug metabolism and ultimately variations in drug effectiveness and toxicities. This study provides evidence for the importance of personalized medicine in these populations and can be the foundation for future clinical studies.
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Qi Y, Sun D, Yang W, Xu B, Lv D, Han Y, Sun M, Jiang S, Hu W, Yang Y. Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase (MST) 1/2: Crucial Players in Nervous and Immune System and Neurological Disorders. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3177-3190. [PMID: 32198112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As central components of the Hippo signaling pathway in mammals, the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) and MST2 protein kinases regulate cell proliferation, survival, and death and are involved in the homeostasis of many tissues. Recent studies have elucidated the roles of MST1 and MST2 in the nervous system and immune system, particularly in neurological disorders, which are influenced by aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of these research areas. First, the activation mechanisms and roles of MST1 and MST2 in neurons, non-neuronal cells, and immune cells are introduced. The roles of MST1 and MST2 in neurological disorders, including brain tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and neuromuscular disorders, are then presented. Finally, the existing obstacles for further research are discussed. Collectively, the information compiled herein provides a common framework for the function of MST1 and MST2 in the nervous system, should contribute to the design of further experiments, and sheds light on potential treatments for aging associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Qi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dewen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuehu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Wang J, Ma C, Li Q, Wang X, Yang Y, Yang L, Jiang W, Liao S, Wang S, Jia P, Zhao Y, Zheng X. Metabolite identification of tanshinol borneol ester in rats by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4438. [PMID: 30444936 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ) is a potential drug candidate composed of danshensu and borneol. It shows anti-ischemic and anti-atherosclerosis activity. However, little is known about its metabolism in vivo. This research aimed to elucidate the metabolic profile of DBZ through analyzing its metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with gradient elution using methanol and water containing 0.2% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phase. Metabolite identification involved analyzing the retention behaviors, changes in molecular weights and MS/MS fragment patterns of DBZ and its metabolites. As a result, 20 potential metabolites were detected and tentatively identified in rat plasma, urine and feces after administration of DBZ. DBZ could be metabolized to O-methylated DBZ, DBZ-O-glucuronide, O-methylated DBZ-O-glucuronide, hydroxylated DBZ and danshensu. Danshensu, a hydrolysis product of DBZ, could further be transformed into 12 metabolites. The proposed method was confirmed to be a reliable and sensitive alternative for characterizing metabolic pathways of DBZ and providing valuable information on its druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ankang University, Shaanxi, Ankang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sha Liao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Yuan X, Fei F, Sun H, Xiao C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Tanshinol borneol ester on nanostructured lipid carriers has longer brain and systemic effector retention and better antioxidant activity in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2265-2274. [PMID: 29695905 PMCID: PMC5905822 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ) is a hybrid of danshensu (DSS) and borneol and has anti-ischemic activity in animals. However, its low water solubility and short half-life limit its clinical application. Methods We prepared polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified and DBZ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DBZ-PEG-NLC) and DBZ-NLC, and examined their physical characteristics, such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug loading. The in vitro stability and pharmacokinetics in rats as well as antioxidant activity of DBZ-PEG-NLC and DBZ-NLC in a C57BL/6 mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion-related brain injury were investigated. The levels of DBZ and its hydrolyzed DSS in rat plasma and brain microdialysates were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy analysis. Results We found that the mean particle size and entrapment efficacy of DBZ-PEG-NLC were similar to that of DBZ-NLC. The DBZ-PEG-NLC, like DBZ-NLC, released DBZ in a biphasic manner with initially burst release and then prolonged slow release in vitro. Intravenous injection of DBZ-PEG-NLC resulted in significantly higher levels and longer retention periods of DBZ and DSS in plasma and the brains than DBZ-NLC and DBZ in rats. Finally, treatment with DBZ-PEG-NLC achieved a better antioxidant activity than DBZ or DBZ-NLC in mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion by reducing the levels of brain malondialdehyde, but increasing the levels of brain superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Conclusion DBZ-PEG-NLC is a preferable option to deliver DBZ for sustainable release of DSS and borneol in vivo, and may serve as a promising drug for effective therapy of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhuan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoni Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Qin S, Liu D, Kohli M, Wang L, Vedell PT, Hillman DW, Niu N, Yu J, Weinshilboum RM, Wang L. TSPYL Family Regulates CYP17A1 and CYP3A4 Expression: Potential Mechanism Contributing to Abiraterone Response in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 104:201-210. [PMID: 29027195 PMCID: PMC5899062 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The testis‐specific Y‐encoded‐like protein (TSPYL) gene family includes TSPYL1 to TSPYL6. We previously reported that TSPYL5 regulates cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19A1 expression. Here we show that TSPYLs, especially TSPYL 1, 2, and 4, can regulate the expression of many CYP genes, including CYP17A1, a key enzyme in androgen biosynthesis, and CYP3A4, an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of abiraterone, a CYP17 inhibitor. Furthermore, a common TSPYL1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs3828743 (G/A) (Pro62Ser), abolishes TSPYL1's ability to suppress CYP3A4 expression, resulting in reduced abiraterone concentrations and increased cell proliferation. Data from a prospective clinical trial of 87 metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone acetate/prednisone showed that the variant SNP genotype (A) was significantly associated with worse response and progression‐free survival. In summary, TSPYL genes are novel CYP gene transcription regulators, and genetic alteration within these genes significantly influences response to drug therapy through transcriptional regulation of CYP450 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter T Vedell
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David W Hillman
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nifang Niu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Yang Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Su D, Wang N, Wang J, Shi C, Lv L, Zhang S. Tanshinol suppresses inflammatory factors in a rat model of vascular dementia and protects LPS-treated neurons via the MST1-FOXO3 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1646:304-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Backman JT, Filppula AM, Niemi M, Neuvonen PJ. Role of Cytochrome P450 2C8 in Drug Metabolism and Interactions. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:168-241. [PMID: 26721703 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 10-15 years, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 has emerged as an important drug-metabolizing enzyme. CYP2C8 is highly expressed in human liver and is known to metabolize more than 100 drugs. CYP2C8 substrate drugs include amodiaquine, cerivastatin, dasabuvir, enzalutamide, imatinib, loperamide, montelukast, paclitaxel, pioglitazone, repaglinide, and rosiglitazone, and the number is increasing. Similarly, many drugs have been identified as CYP2C8 inhibitors or inducers. In vivo, already a small dose of gemfibrozil, i.e., 10% of its therapeutic dose, is a strong, irreversible inhibitor of CYP2C8. Interestingly, recent findings indicate that the acyl-β-glucuronides of gemfibrozil and clopidogrel cause metabolism-dependent inactivation of CYP2C8, leading to a strong potential for drug interactions. Also several other glucuronide metabolites interact with CYP2C8 as substrates or inhibitors, suggesting that an interplay between CYP2C8 and glucuronides is common. Lack of fully selective and safe probe substrates, inhibitors, and inducers challenges execution and interpretation of drug-drug interaction studies in humans. Apart from drug-drug interactions, some CYP2C8 genetic variants are associated with altered CYP2C8 activity and exhibit significant interethnic frequency differences. Herein, we review the current knowledge on substrates, inhibitors, inducers, and pharmacogenetics of CYP2C8, as well as its role in clinically relevant drug interactions. In addition, implications for selection of CYP2C8 marker and perpetrator drugs to investigate CYP2C8-mediated drug metabolism and interactions in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Anne M Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
| | - Pertti J Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki (J.T.B., A.M.F., M.N., P.J.N.), and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.B., M.N., P.J.N.)
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Nie F, Bu M, Wu L, Zheng J. An ultrasensitive chemiluminescent method for the tanshinol borneol ester determination and its pharmacokinetic analysis. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:147-50. [PMID: 23681963 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinol borneol ester (DBZ), a chemical combination of danshensu and borneol, is an experimental drug that exhibits efficacious anti-ischemic activity in animal models. In this work, an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of DBZ was established based on the inhibitory effect of DBZ on the CL signal produced from the reaction between potassium permanganate and luminol in alkaline solution. The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of DBZ in the range 2.0 × 10(-10) to 4.0 × 10(-8) g/mL with a detection limit of 7 × 10(-11) g/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.8% for 4.0 × 10(-9) g DBZ (n = 11). The proposed method showed characteristics of high sensitivity, simple device and quick. In addition, this proposed method had been applied satisfactorily to the analysis of DBZ in blood. The pharmacokinetics of DBZ in rat has also been studied using the CL method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Nie
- Institute of Analytical Science, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
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Wang H, Kim RA, Sun D, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Chen C. Evaluation of the effects of 18 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP450 2C19 onin vitrodrug inhibition potential by a fluorescence-based high-throughput assay. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:826-35. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.582893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Wang H, An N, Wang H, Gao Y, Liu D, Bian T, Zhu J, Chen C. Evaluation of the effects of 20 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 on S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation and omeprazole 5'-hydroxylation. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:830-7. [PMID: 21325430 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2C19 is a highly polymorphic enzyme that affects the metabolism of a wide range of therapeutic drugs. Almost all the identified alleles of CYP2C19 are derived from nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs). The objective of this study was to functionally characterize 20 nsSNPs of CYP2C19, distributed throughout the entire coding region, most of which have not been thoroughly characterized. cDNAs of these variants were constructed and expressed in yeast cells. All variants had similar levels of apoprotein and holoprotein expression, except for CYP2C19.16 and D360N, which had significantly lower holoprotein levels than the wild-type (WT) CYP2C19 enzyme, and CYP2C19.5B, which showed only apoprotein. The activity of the CYP2C19 variants was investigated using two substrates, S-mephenytoin and omeprazole, and six different kinetic parameters were measured. CYP2C19.5B, CYP2C19.6, and CYP2C19.8 were found to be catalytically inactive. The entire dataset of the remaining 17 variants, together with the WT, was analyzed by multivariate analysis. This analysis indicated that CYP2C19.9, CYP2C19.10, CYP2C19.16, CYP2C19.18, CYP2C19.19, A161P, W212C, and D360N were substantially altered in catalytic properties in comparison with the WT, with each of these variants exhibiting either dramatically decreased catalytic activities or higher K(m) values. These results not only generally confirmed the function of previously reported variants but also identified additional reduced-function variants. These findings will greatly extend our understanding of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms in humans as well as facilitate the structure-function study of the CYP2C19 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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