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Lim HK, Chen J, Lam W, Gong Y, Leclercq L, Silva J, Salter R, Berwaerts J, Gelotte CK, Vakil AM, Eichenbaum GE, Kuffner EK, Flores CM. Metabolism and disposition of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) in rats, dogs, nonhuman primates and humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105379. [PMID: 36931586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006), a novel non-opioid, non-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with structural similarities to acetaminophen, demonstrated anti-pyretic and/or analgesic activities in preclinical models and humans and reduced potential to cause hepatotoxicity in preclinical species. Metabolism and disposition of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) following oral administration to rats, dogs, monkeys and humans are reported. Urinary excretion was the major route of elimination based on recovery of 88.6% (rats) and 73.7% (dogs) of oral dose. The compound was extensively metabolized based on low recovery of unchanged drug in excreta from rats (11.3%) and dogs (18.4%). Clearance is driven by O-glucuronidation, amide hydrolysis, O-sulfation and methyl oxidation pathways. The combination of metabolic pathways driving clearance in human is covered in at least one preclinical species despite a few species-dependent pathways. O-Glucuronidation was the major primary metabolic pathway of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) in dogs, monkeys and humans, although amide hydrolysis was another major primary metabolic pathway in rats and dogs. A minor bioactivation pathway to quinone-imine is observed only in monkeys and humans. Unchanged drug was the major circulatory component in all species investigated. Except for metabolic pathways unique to the 5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide moiety, metabolism and disposition of JNJ-10450232 (NTM-006) are similar to acetaminophen across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Keang Lim
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Wing Lam
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Yong Gong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jose Silva
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Rhys Salter
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Amy M Vakil
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Fort Washington, PA, USA
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Camci M, Karali N. Bioisosterism: 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Rings. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200638. [PMID: 36772857 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although studies in drug discovery have gained momentum in recent years, the conversion of drugs in use today into less toxic derivatives with pharmacologically superior properties is still of great importance in drug research. Bioisosterism facilitates the conversion of drugs into derivatives that present more positive pharmacological and toxicological profiles by changing existing groups in the drug structure within the framework of certain criteria that have been expanded today. The 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring is used as a bioisostere for ester and amide groups due to its resistance to hydrolysis. However, this ring is not limited to esters and amides, but can also be used as a bioisostere for other functional groups. In this review, cases in which the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring is used as a bioisostere for various functional groups are discussed. Herein we shed light on 1,2,4-oxadiazole bioisosterism in the development of new drug candidates and in enhancing the pharmacological profiles of currently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Camci
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34134 Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Karali
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 34134 Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
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Makino C, Watanabe A, Kato M, Shiozawa H, Takakusa H, Nakai D, Honda T, Watanabe N. Species differences between rats and primates (humans and monkeys) in complex cleavage pathways of DS-8500a characterized by 14C-ADME studies in humans and monkeys after administration of two radiolabeled compounds and in vitro studies. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 45:100459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Loureiro AI, Fernandes-Lopes C, Bonifácio MJ, Sousa F, Kiss LE, Soares-da-Silva P. Metabolism and disposition of opicapone in the rat and metabolic enzymes phenotyping. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 10:e00891. [PMID: 34939338 PMCID: PMC8929358 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Opicapone (2,5‐dichloro‐3‐(5‐(3,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐nitrophenyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐yl)‐4,6‐dimethylpyridine 1‐oxide) is a selective catechol‐O‐methyltransferase inhibitor that has been granted marketing authorization in Europe, Japan, and United States. The present work describes the metabolism and disposition of opicapone in the rat obtained in support to its development and regulatory filling. Plasma levels and elimination of total radioactivity were determined after oral and intravenous administration of [14C]‐opicapone. The maximum plasma concentrations of opicapone‐related radioactivity were reached at early time points followed by a gradual return to baseline with a biphasic elimination. Fecal excretion was the primary route of elimination of total radioactivity. Quantitative distribution of drug‐related radioactivity demonstrated that opicapone and related metabolites did not distribute to the central nervous system. Opicapone was extensively metabolized in rats resulting in more than 20 phase I and phase II metabolites. Although O‐glucuronidation, ‐sulfation, and ‐methylation of the nitrocatechol moiety were the principal metabolic pathways, small amount of the N‐acetyl derivative was detected, as a result of reduction of the nitro group and subsequent conjugation. Other metabolic transformations included N‐oxide reduction to the pyridine derivative and reductive cleavage of 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring followed by further conjugative reactions. Reaction phenotyping studies suggested that SULT 1A1*1 and *2 and UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, and UGT1A10 may be involved in opicapone sulfation and glucuronidation, respectively. However, the reductive metabolic pathways mediated by gut microflora cannot be excluded. Opicapone, in the rat, was found to be rapidly absorbed, widely distributed to peripheric tissues, metabolized mainly via conjugative pathways at the nitro catechol ring, and primarily excreted via feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Loureiro
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª. S.A., S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes-Lopes
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª. S.A., S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bonifácio
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª. S.A., S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Filipa Sousa
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª. S.A., S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - László E Kiss
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª. S.A., S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Patricio Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª. S.A., S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal.,Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUp-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Makino C, Watanabe A, Deguchi T, Shiozawa H, Schreck I, Rozehnal V, Ishizuka T, Watanabe N, Ando O, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. In vivo multiple metabolic pathways for a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist DS-8500a in rats: involvement of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring-opening reductive reaction in livers under anaerobic conditions. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:961-969. [PMID: 30124356 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1514545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring-containing compound DS-8500a was developed as a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist. In vivo metabolic fates of [14C]DS-8500a differently radiolabeled in the benzene ring or benzamide side carbon in rats were investigated. Differences in mass balances were observed, primarily because after the oxadiazole ring-opening and subsequent ring-cleavage small-molecule metabolites containing the benzene side were excreted in the urine, while those containing the benzamide side were excreted in the bile. DS-8500a was detected at trace levels in urine and bile, demonstrating extensive metabolism prior to urinary/biliary excretion. At least 16 metabolite structures were proposed in plasma, urine, and bile samples from rats treated with [14C]DS-8500a. Formation of a ring-opened metabolite (reduced DS-8500a) in hepatocytes of humans, monkeys, and rats was confirmed; however, it was not affected by typical inhibitors of cytochrome P450s, aldehyde oxidases, or carboxylesterases in human hepatocytes. Extensive formation of the ring-opened metabolite was observed in human liver microsomes fortified with an NADPH-generating system under anaerobic conditions. These results suggest an in vivo unique reductive metabolism of DS-8500a is mediated by human non-cytochrome P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Makino
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsuneo Deguchi
- b Biomarker Department , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shiozawa
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ilona Schreck
- c Tissue and Cell Research Center Munich, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH , Munich , Germany
| | - Veronika Rozehnal
- c Tissue and Cell Research Center Munich, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH , Munich , Germany
| | - Tomoko Ishizuka
- d Clinical Pharmacology Department , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- b Biomarker Department , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Osamu Ando
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- e Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- e Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida , Tokyo , Japan
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Conole D, Beck TM, Jay-Smith M, Tingle MD, Eason CT, Brimble MA, Rennison D. Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of benzocaine isosteres designed as humane rodenticides. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2220-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David J St Jean
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Gu C, Elmore CS, Lin J, Zhou D, Luzietti R, Dorff P, Grimm SW. Metabolism of a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulator, Including Two Major 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Ring-Opened Metabolites and a Rearranged Cysteine-Piperazine Adduct. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1151-63. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.044636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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