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Stiefel C, Lindemann B, Morlock GE. Non-target bioactive compound profiles of coffee roasts and preparations. Food Chem 2022; 391:133263. [PMID: 35640338 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is an inherent part of our daily nutrition and seems to have protective effects against diseases, whereby it is often not fully understood, which ingredients are responsible for the observed effect. Hence, a non-targeted bioactivity profiling was developed to investigate 27 hand-filtered coffee brews of differently roasted coffee beans and 14 differently prepared and stored coffee brews. After separation, multi-imaging, and densitometry, six planar effect-directed assays were performed to reveal individual antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, and estrogenic effects. Individual compounds were mainly responsible for the observed effects, e.g. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid regarding antioxidative potential and α-glucosidase inhibition, while coffee brews made by a fully automated coffee machine showed the highest antioxidative potential. Unlike preparation and storage conditions, applied roasting conditions and origin of coffee samples played a less important role. Therefore, the way we daily consume our coffee has an impact on the magnitude of potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Stiefel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TansMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lindemann
- Institute of Food Safety, Department of Beverage Technology, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, and TansMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Lu L, Zhao Y, Yi G, Li M, Liao L, Yang C, Cho C, Zhang B, Zhu J, Zou K, Cheng Q. Quinic acid: a potential antibiofilm agent against clinical resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chin Med 2021; 16:72. [PMID: 34362401 PMCID: PMC8343939 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biofilm state of pathogens facilitates antimicrobial resistance which makes difficult-to-treat infections. In this regard, it has been found that the compounds screened from plant extracts represent one category of the most promising antibiofilm agents. However, the antibiofilm activities and the active ingredients of plant extracts remain largely unexplored. In this background, the study is (1) to screen out the plant extracts with antibiofilm ability against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and (2) to identify the active ingredients in the plant extracts and elucidate the underlying mechanism of the antibiofilm activities. Methods Micro-broth dilution method, in vitro biofilm model, LC–MS/MS analysis and P. aeruginosa-mouse infection model were adopted to assess the antibiofilm activity. GC–MS analysis was performed to detect the active ingredients in plasma. RNA-Seq, GO analysis, KEGG analysis and RT-qPCR were adopted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of antibiofilm activities against P. aeruginosa. Results Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) among 13 plants could exert significant inhibitory effects on bacterial biofilm formation, mobility and toxin release in vitro, and it could exert antibiofilm effect in vivo too. Moreover, quinic acid, as one metabolite of chlorogenic acid, was found as an active ingredient in LJF against the biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The active ingredient significantly inhibited EPS secretion in biofilm formation and maturity and could achieve synergistic antibiofilm effect with levofloxacin. It reduced the biofilm formation by regulating core targets in quorum sensing system. In GO process, it was found that the core targets were significantly enriched in multiple biological processes involving locomotion, chemotaxis and motility mediated by flagellum/cilium, which was related to KEGG pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, biofilm formation, cyanoamino acid metabolism and quorum sensing. Finally, the binding of quinic acid with core targets rhlA, rhlR and rhlB were validated by molecular docking and RT-qPCR. Conclusions In summary, the study verified the in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm effects of LJF against P. aeruginosa and elucidated the active ingredients in LJF and its conceivable pharmacological mechanism, indicating that quinic acid could have the potential of an antibiofilm agent against P. aeruginosa and related infections. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00481-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojuan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chihin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Ma Y, Huang B, Tang W, Li P, Chen J. Characterization of chemical constituents and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of San Miao Wan by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1178:122793. [PMID: 34130203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
San Miao Wan (SMW), composed of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, is widely used for the treatment of gout, hyperuricemia and other diseases. In the present study, an overall identification strategy based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS) method was established to characterize the multiple chemical constituents of SMW and its metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of SMW. A total of 76 constituents including alkaloids, organic acids, lactones, terpenes, saponins, sterones and others types of components were identified in the extract of SMW. After the oral administration of SMW, 47 prototype constituents and 66 metabolites were identified in rat plasma samples. The related metabolic pathways mainly involved reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, methylation and glucuronide conjunction. The proposed method could be a useful approach to identify the chemical constituents of SMW and its metabolic components. Our study provide a universal strategy for the analysis of the components and metabolites of the traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCP) extracts and plasma after administration using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS method. It will assist with clarifying the substance basis of effective components in SMW. It also provides a rapid method for overall analysis of chemical constituents and metabolites of SMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bixia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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4
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Liu X, Lv H, Guo Y, Teka T, Wang X, Huang Y, Han L, Pan G. Structure-Based Reactivity Profiles of Reactive Metabolites with Glutathione. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1579-1593. [PMID: 32347096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents can be transformed into reactive metabolites under the action of various metabolic enzymes in vivo and then covalently combine with biological macromolecules (such as protein or DNA), resulting in increasing toxicity. The screening of reactive metabolites in drug discovery and development stages and monitoring of biotransformation in post-market drugs has become an important research field. Generally, reactive metabolites are electrophilic and can be captured by small nucleophiles. Glutathione (GSH) is a small peptide composed of three amino acids (i.e., glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine). It has a thiol group which can react with electrophilic groups of reactive metabolic intermediates (such as benzoquinone, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, and Michael acceptor) to form a stable binding conjugate. This paper aims to provide a review on structure-based reactivity profiles of reactive metabolites with GSH. Furthermore, this review also reveals the relationship between drugs' molecular structures and reactive metabolic toxicity from the perspective of metabolism, giving a reference for drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaqing Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tekleab Teka
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
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5
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Clifford MN, Kerimi A, Williamson G. Bioavailability and metabolism of chlorogenic acids (acyl‐quinic acids) in humans. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1299-1352. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Surrey Guildford UK
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthFaculty of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Notting Hill Victoria Australia
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6
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Wen B, Gorycki P. Bioactivation of herbal constituents: mechanisms and toxicological relevance. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:453-497. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1655570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Peter Gorycki
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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7
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Ren T, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang M, Huang W, Jiang J, Li W, Zhang J. Isolation and identification of human metabolites from a novel anti-tumor candidate drug 5-chlorogenic acid injection by HPLC-HRMS/MS n and HPLC-SPE-NMR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:7035-7048. [PMID: 29116355 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel anti-tumor candidate drug, 5-chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) injection, was used for the treatment of malignant glioma in clinical trial (phase I) in China. The isolation and identification of the metabolites of 5-CQA injection in humans were investigated in the present study. Urine and feces samples obtained after intramuscular administration of 5-CQA injection to healthy adults have been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass and multiple-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MSn). No metabolite was detected in human feces; however, in human urine, a total of six metabolites were identified including isomerized 5-CQA (P1 and P2), hydrolyzed 5-CQA (M1and M2), and methylated 5-CQA (M3 and M4). Among them, M3 and M4 were the main metabolites and target analytes for human mass balance study. Additionally, the structure of M3 and M4 was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC-SPE-NMR), and the results demonstrated that the methoxy group of M3 and M4 was exclusively attributed to C-3' and C-4', respectively. Due to the unavailability of commercial reference, the pure products of M3 and M4 were synthesized by 5-CQA methylation and followed by isolation and purification. Moreover, the potential activity of M3 and M4 on malignant glioma was predicted using a reverse molecular docking analysis on eight malignant glioma-related pathways. The results showed that M3 and M4 had various interactions against malignant glioma-related targets. Our study provides an insight into the metabolism of 5-CQA injection in humans and supports the clinical human mass balance study. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2 Nanwei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2 Nanwei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2 Nanwei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Jiuzhang Biochemical Engineering Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wang Huang
- Jiuzhang Biochemical Engineering Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2 Nanwei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Glioma, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 2 Nanwei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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8
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Wang J, Cao G, Wang H, Ye H, Zhong Y, Wang G, Hao H. Characterization of isochlorogenic acid A metabolites in rats using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28052484 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isochlorogenic acid A is widely present in fruits, vegetables and herbal medicines, and is characterized by anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antiviral properties. However, little is known about its metabolic fate and pharmacokinetic properties. This study is thus designed to investigate the metabolic fate of isochlorogenic acid A. An analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF MS) was established to characterize the metabolites of isochlorogenic acid A in the plasma, urine and feces of rats. A total of 32 metabolites were identified. The metabolic pathways mainly include hydrolyzation, dehydroxylation, hydrogenation and conjugation with methyl, glucuronic acid, glycine, sulfate, glutathione and cysteine. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profiles of all the circulating metabolites were investigated. M11 resulting from hydrolyzation, dehydroxylation and hydrogenation was the dominant circulating metabolite after the intragastric administration of isochlorogenic acid A. The results obtained will be useful for further study of elucidating potential bioactive metabolites which can provide better explanation of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Li X, Han L, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Lu W, Zhao X, Lai Y, Chen D, Wei G. Protective Effect of Sinapine against Hydroxyl Radical-Induced Damage to Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Possible Mechanisms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:319-25. [PMID: 26842908 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a phenolic alkaloid occurring in Cruciferous plants, sinapine was observed to protect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against ·OH-induced damage in this study. It was also found to prevent DNA from damage, to scavenge various free radicals (·OH, ·O2(-), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS)(+·), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·)), and to reduce Cu(2+) to Cu(+). To further explore the mechanism, the end-product of sinapine reaction with DPPH· was determined using HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS and HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). Four molecular ion peaks (m/z 701, 702, 703, and 351) in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis indicated a radical adduct formation (RAF) pathway; while a bathochromic shift (λ(max) 334→475 nm) in HPLC-DAD indicated the formation of quinone as the oxidized product of the phenolic -OH group. Based on these results, it may be concluded that, (i) sinapine can effectively protect against ·OH-induced damage to DNA and MSCs; such protective effect may provide evidence for a potential role for sinapine in MSC transplantation therapy, and be responsible for the beneficial effects of Cruciferous plants. (ii) The possible mechanism for sinapine to protect against ·OH-induced oxidative damage is radical-scavenging, which is thought to be via hydrogen atom (H·) transfer (HAT) (or sequential electron (e) proton transfer (SEPT))→RAF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
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10
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Ju WZ, Zhao Y, Liu F, Wu T, Zhang J, Liu SJ, Zhou L, Dai GL, Xiong NN, Fang ZY. Clinical tolerability and pharmacokinetics of Erigerontis hydroxybenzene injection: results of a randomized phase I study in healthy Chinese volunteers. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:319-325. [PMID: 25765839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple phenolic compounds in the extract of Erigeron breviscapus synergistically contribute to the neurovascular protective effects. We conducted a phase I and pharmacokinetic study with the phenolic compound-enriched product extracted from Erigeron breviscapus, Erigerontis hydroxybenzenes injection (EHI), in healthy Chinese volunteers. A randomized, open-label, single-center, double-arm, dose-escalation study of EHI was conducted. The tolerability of intravenously EHI administrated in single- or multiple-dose (once daily for 7 days) was studied in 40 healthy Chinese volunteers and the pharmacokinetics of EHI was studied in additional 10 volunteers. The tolerated dose of intravenous infusion of EHI in healthy Chinese volunteers was 6 vials (equivalent to 90 mg bioactive phenolic compounds). The main limitations to dose escalation of EHI were transit changes in electrocardiogram and mild, transit increase in alanine aminotransferase. After intravenous administration of EHI, the average systemic clearance of multiple phenolic compounds of scutellarin, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid were 131, 29, 262, 112 L/h for male volunteers and 202, 28, 252, 117 L/h for female volunteers. The intervention of intravenous infusion of EHI in healthy Chinese volunteers was generally tolerated. The findings from this study provide data on the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the extract from Erigeron breviscapus and support further trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Jia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Liang Dai
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Ning Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu-Yuan Fang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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11
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Shi F, Zhao P, Li X, Pan H, Ma S, Ding L. Cytotoxicity of luteolin in primary rat hepatocytes: the role of CYP3A-mediatedortho-benzoquinone metabolite formation and glutathione depletion. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1372-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance affiliated to Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance affiliated to Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance affiliated to Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance affiliated to Ministry of Education; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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12
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Nobushige K, Hirano K, Satoh T, Miura M. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Ortho-Alkenylation through C–H Bond Cleavage Directed by Sulfoxide Groups. Org Lett 2014; 16:1188-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Nobushige
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Satoh
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- JST, ACT-C, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Xie C, Zhou J, Guo Z, Diao X, Gao Z, Zhong D, Jiang H, Zhang L, Chen X. Metabolism and bioactivation of famitinib, a novel inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase, in cancer patients. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1687-706. [PMID: 23126373 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Famitinib is a novel multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor under development for cancer treatment. This study aims to characterize the metabolic and bioactivation pathways of famitinib. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The metabolites in human plasma, urine and feces were identified via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry and confirmed using synthetic standards. Biotransformation and bioactivation mechanisms were investigated using microsomes, recombinant metabolic enzymes and hepatocytes. KEY RESULTS Famitinib was extensively metabolized after repeated oral administrations. Unchanged famitinib was the major circulating material, followed by N-desethylfaminitib (M3), whose steady-state exposure represented 7.2 to 7.5% that of the parent drug. Metabolites in the excreta were mainly from oxidative deamination (M1), N-desethylation (M3), oxidative defluorination (M7), indolylidene hydroxylation (M9-1 and M9-5) and secondary phase-II conjugations. CYP3A4/5 was the major contributor to M3 formation, CYP3A4/5 and aldehyde dehydrogenase to M1 formation and CYP1A1/2 to M7, M9-1 and M9-5 formations. Minor cysteine conjugates were observed in the plasma, urine and feces, implying the formation of reactive intermediate(s). In vitro microsomal studies proved that famitinib was bioactivated through epoxidation at indolylidene by CYP1A1/2 and spontaneously defluorinated rearrangement to afford a quinone-imine species. A correlation between famitinib hepatotoxicity and its bioactivation was observed in the primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Famitinib is well absorbed and extensively metabolized in cancer patients. Multiple enzymes, mainly CYP3A4/5 and CYP1A1/2, are involved in famitinib metabolic clearance. The quinone-imine intermediate formed through bioactivation may be associated with famitinib hepatotoxicity. Co-administered CYP1A1/2 inducers or inhibitors may potentiate or suppress its hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Xie
- Centre for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhou X, Li L, Deng P, Chen X, Zhong D. Characterization of metabolites of GLS4 in humans using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2483-2492. [PMID: 24097405 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE GLS4 is a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compound that inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by drug-induced depletion of nucleocapsids. It is currently undergoing clinical trials in China to treat HBV infection. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of GLS4 in humans. METHODS A rapid and sensitive method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify GLS4 metabolites in human plasma, urine, and feces after an oral dose of 120 mg GLS4. RESULTS A total of 27 metabolites were detected and identified by comparing the accurate molecular masses, retention times and spectral patterns of the analytes with those of the parent drug. Nine metabolites were confirmed by comparison with reference substances. All of the metabolites had a bromine atom and displayed the isotope ion of [M + H](+)/[M + H + 2](+) at a ratio of 1:1. Fragmentation of the dihydropyrimidine structure was characterized by the loss of the m-bromofluorobenzene group to generate an ion at m/z 220.0175. The morpholine ring was characterized by an ion at m/z 100.0757. CONCLUSIONS The metabolites of GLS4 in humans were identified by the diagnostic ions of dihydropyrimidine and morpholine rings. GLS4 underwent extensive dealkylation, hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, oxidation, and glucuronidation reactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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Xie C, Zhong D, Chen X. A fragmentation-based method for the differentiation of glutathione conjugates by high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 788:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Koen YM, Hajovsky H, Liu K, Williams TD, Galeva NA, Staudinger JL, Hanzlik RP. Liver protein targets of hepatotoxic 4-bromophenol metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1777-86. [PMID: 22827705 PMCID: PMC3431021 DOI: 10.1021/tx3002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene (BB) is directly related to the covalent binding of both initially formed epoxide and secondary quinone metabolites to at least 45 different liver proteins. 4-Bromophenol (4BP) is a significant BB metabolite and a precursor to reactive quinone metabolites; yet, when administered exogenously, it has negligible hepatotoxicity as compared to BB. The protein adducts of 4BP were thus labeled as nontoxic [Monks, T. J., Hinson, J. A., and Gillette, J. R. (1982) Life Sci. 30, 841-848]. To help identify which BB-derived adducts might be related to its cytotoxicity, we sought to identify the supposedly nontoxic adducts of 4BP and eliminate them from the BB target protein list. Administration of [(14)C]-4BP to phenobarbital-induced rats resulted in covalent binding of 0.25, 0.33, and 0.42 nmol equiv 4BP/mg protein in the mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic fractions, respectively. These values may be compared to published values of 3-6 nmol/mg protein from a comparable dose of [(14)C]-BB. After subcellular fractionation and 2D electrophoresis, 47 radioactive spots on 2D gels of the mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic fractions were excised, digested, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Twenty-nine of these spots contained apparently single proteins, of which 14 were nonredundant. Nine of the 14 are known BB targets. Incubating freshly isolated rat hepatocytes with 4BP (0.1-0.5 mM) produced time- and concentration-dependent increases in lactate dehydrogenase release and changes in cellular morphology. LC-MS/MS analysis of the cell culture medium revealed rapid and extensive sulfation and glucuronidation of 4BP as well as formation of a quinone-derived glutathione conjugate. Studies with 7-hydroxycoumarin, (-)-borneol, or D-(+)-galactosamine showed that inhibiting the glucuronidation/sulfation of 4BP increased the formation of a GSH-bromoquinone adduct, increased covalent binding of 4BP to hepatocyte proteins, and potentiated its cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that protein adduction by 4BP metabolites can be toxicologically consequential and provide a mechanistic explanation for the failure of exogenously administered 4BP to cause hepatotoxicity. Thus, the probable reason for the low toxicity of 4BP in vivo is that rapid conjugation limits its oxidation and covalent binding and thus its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov M. Koen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Heather Hajovsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Todd D. Williams
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Nadezhda A. Galeva
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jeffrey L. Staudinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Robert P. Hanzlik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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