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Yoshitomo A, Asano S, Hozuki S, Tamemoto Y, Shibata Y, Hashimoto N, Takahashi K, Sasaki Y, Ozawa N, Kageyama M, Iijima T, Kazuki Y, Sato H, Hisaka A. Significance of Basal Membrane Permeability of Epithelial Cells in Predicting Intestinal Drug Absorption. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:318-328. [PMID: 36810197 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is often restricted by efflux transport by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and metabolism by CYP3A4. Both localize in the epithelial cells, and thus, their activities are directly affected by the intracellular drug concentration, which should be regulated by the ratio of permeability between apical (A) and basal (B) membranes. In this study, using Caco-2 cells with forced expression of CYP3A4, we assessed the transcellular permeation of A-to-B and B-to-A directions and the efflux from the preloaded cells to both sides of 12 representative P-gp or CYP3A4 substrate drugs and obtained the parameters for permeabilities, transport, metabolism, and unbound fraction in the enterocytes (fent) using simultaneous and dynamic model analysis. The membrane permeability ratios for B to A (RBA) and fent varied by 8.8-fold and by more than 3000-fold, respectively, among the drugs. The RBA values for digoxin, repaglinide, fexofenadine, and atorvastatin were greater than 1.0 (3.44, 2.39, 2.27, and 1.90, respectively) in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor, thus suggesting the potential involvement of transporters in the B membrane. The Michaelis constant for quinidine for P-gp transport was 0.077 µM for the intracellular unbound concentration. These parameters were used to predict overall intestinal availability (FAFG) by applying an intestinal pharmacokinetic model, advanced translocation model (ATOM), in which permeability of A and B membranes accounted separately. The model predicted changes in the absorption location for P-gp substrates according to its inhibition, and FAFG values of 10 of 12 drugs, including quinidine at varying doses, were explained appropriately. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Pharmacokinetics has improved predictability by identifying the molecular entities of metabolism and transport and by using mathematical models to appropriately describe drug concentrations at the locations where they act. However, analyses of intestinal absorption so far have not been able to accurately consider the concentrations in the epithelial cells where P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 exert effects. In this study, the limitation was removed by measuring the apical and basal membrane permeability separately and then analyzing these values using new appropriate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Yoshitomo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asano
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hozuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuta Tamemoto
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shibata
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hashimoto
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yoko Sasaki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naoka Ozawa
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Michiharu Kageyama
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iijima
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (A.Y., S.A., S.H., Y.T., N.H., K.T., H.S., A.H.); Toxicology & DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A., Y.Sa., N.O., M.K., T.I.); Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Sh.); and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Asano S, Yoshitomo A, Hozuki S, Sato H, Kazuki Y, Hisaka A. A New Intestinal Model for Analysis of Drug Absorption and Interactions Considering Physiological Translocation of Contents. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:581-591. [PMID: 33962977 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise prediction of drug absorption is key to the success of new drug development and efficacious pharmacotherapy. In this study, we developed a new absorption model, the advanced translocation model (ATOM), by extending our previous model, the translocation model. ATOM reproduces the translocation of a substance in the intestinal lumen using a partial differential equation with variable dispersion and convection terms to describe natural flow and micromixing within the intestine under not only fasted but also fed conditions. In comparison with ATOM, it was suggested that a conventional absorption model, advanced compartmental absorption and transit model, tends to underestimate micromixing in the upper intestine, and it is difficult to adequately describe movements under the fasted and fed conditions. ATOM explains the observed nonlinear absorption of midazolam successfully, with a minimal number of scaling factors. Furthermore, ATOM considers the apical and basolateral membrane permeabilities of enterocytes separately and assumes compartmentation of the lamina propria, including blood vessels, to consider intestinal blood flow appropriately. ATOM estimates changes in the intestinal availability caused by drug interaction associated with inhibition of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein in the intestine. Additionally, ATOM can estimate the drug absorption in the fed state considering delayed intestinal drug flow. Therefore, ATOM is a useful tool for the analysis of local pharmacokinetics in the gastrointestinal tract, especially for the estimation of nonlinear drug absorption, which may involve various interactions with intestinal contents or other drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The newly developed advanced translocation model precisely explains various movements of intestinal contents under fasted and fed conditions, which cannot be adequately described by the current physiological pharmacokinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Aoi Yoshitomo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shizuka Hozuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (S.A., A.Y., S.H., H.S., A.H.); DMPK Research Department, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan (S.A.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (Y.K.) and Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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