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Seto Y, Tonami R, Iyama Y, Sato H, Onoue S. An approach to evaluate metabolite-related phototoxicity with combined use of photochemical properties and skin deposition. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:91-97. [PMID: 34265374 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Some chemicals have been reported to cause metabolite-related phototoxicity, and this study aimed to verify the applicability of photosafety assessment based on photochemical and pharmacokinetic properties to evaluate the metabolite-related phototoxicity risk. The phototoxic risk of imipramine (IMI) and its metabolite, desipramine (DMI), was evaluated by photochemical and pharmacokinetic analyses. IMI and DMI were found to have similar photoreactivities based on the generation of reactive oxygen species. The skin concentrations of IMI and DMI reached maximal levels at approximately 1 and 4 h, respectively, after oral administration of IMI (10 mg/kg), and DMI showed high skin deposition compared with IMI. According to the results, DMI was identified as a contributor to phototoxicity induced by orally-taken IMI. In in vivo phototoxicity testing, ultraviolet A irradiation from 3 to 6 h after oral administration of IMI (100 mg/kg) caused more potent phototoxic reactions compared with that from 0 to 3 h, and DMI yielded by metabolism of IMI would be associated with phototoxic reactions caused by orally-administered IMI. In addition to the data on IMI, a parent chemical, photochemical and pharmacokinetic profiling of its metabolite, DMI, led to reliable phototoxicity prediction of orally-administered IMI. Thus, characterization of the photosafety of metabolites would generate reliable information on the phototoxicity risk of parent chemicals, and the proposed strategy may facilitate comprehensive photosafety assessment of drug candidates in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Seto
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Tonami
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yosuke Iyama
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Youn NH, Kim EJ, Yi JS, Kim JH, Cho YJ, Nam KT, Park KS, Lee JK. Evaluation of skin phototoxicity of transdermally administered pharmaceuticals in Sprague-Dawley rats. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:42. [PMID: 33292792 PMCID: PMC7678087 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Some drugs cause phototoxicity in humans when exposed to light, thus there is a need for an in vivo phototoxicity test to evaluate them. However, an in vivo phototoxicity test method to evaluate this has not been established. This study aimed to establish an in vivo phototoxicity test method for transdermally administered drugs. For this, we evaluated the phototoxicity using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for transdermal administered drugs and we studied the appropriate UVA dose using 8-methoxypsalen, which is a well-known phototoxic drug. We found that a UVA dose of 15 J/cm2 was dose and time dependent response compared to other UVA doses. We performed the Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) test because UVB can cause skin irritation by itself and selected 0.01 J/cm2 as an appropriate dose of UVB. Using the selected UVA and UVB doses, we performed a phototoxicity study of 6 pharmaceutical drugs, which included phototoxic and non-phototoxic drugs. As a result of the phototoxicity test, 100% accuracy was obtained when compared with previous studies. In addition, we performed histopathology to confirm the new findings. We found that histopathology can be used as an additional indicator of phototoxicity test for transdermally administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hee Youn
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Yi
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Kim
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sook Park
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwon Lee
- Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Seto Y, Ohtake H, Sato H, Onoue S. Phototoxic risk assessment of dermally-applied chemicals with structural variety based on photoreactivity and skin deposition. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 113:104619. [PMID: 32088184 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combined use of photochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) data for phototoxic risk assessment was previously proposed, and the system provided reliable phototoxic risk predictions of chemicals in same chemical series. This study aimed to verify the feasibility of the screening system for phototoxic risk assessment on dermally-applied chemicals with wide structural diversity, as a first attempt. Photochemical properties of test chemicals, 2-acetonaphthalene, 4'-methylbenzylidene camphor, 6-methylcoumarin, methyl N-methylanthranilate, and sulisobenzone, were evaluated in terms of UV absorption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and PK profiles of the test chemicals in rat skin were characterized after dermal co-application. All test chemicals showed strong UVA/B absorption with molar extinction coefficients of over 3000 M-1⋅cm-1, and irradiated 2-acetonaphthalene, 6-methylcoumarin, and methyl N-methylanthranilate exhibited significant ROS generation. Dermally-applied 2-acetonaphthalene and 4'-methylbenzylidene camphor indicated high and long-lasting skin deposition compared with the other test chemicals. Based on the photochemical and PK data, 2-acetonaphthalene was predicted to have potent phototoxic risk. The predicted phototoxic risk of the test chemicals by integration of obtained data was mostly consistent with their in vivo phototoxicity observed in rat skin. The screening strategy employing photochemical and PK data would have high prediction capacity and wide applicability for photosafety evaluation of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Seto
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohtake
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Iyama Y, Sato H, Seto Y, Onoue S. Photochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Orally Administered Chemicals to Evaluate Phototoxic Risk. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:1303-1308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Enzymatic reactive oxygen species assay to evaluate phototoxic risk of metabolites. Toxicol Lett 2017; 278:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mori T, Higashi K, Nakano T, Ando S, Kuwahara A, Suzuki N, Saito K. Novel phototoxicity assay using human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells. Toxicology 2017; 378:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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