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Cheng J, Fan C, Huang K, Zhai L, Wang H, Xie D, Cai Y, Li Z, Bai Q, Wang P, Ding H. Efficacy and safety of high-dose ilaprazole-amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective, single-center, randomized trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1272744. [PMID: 38026958 PMCID: PMC10661892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1272744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Until now, there have been no randomized controlled trials directly evaluating the efficacy of high-dose ilaprazole-amoxicillin dual therapy (HT) in comparison to other standard treatments for H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) infection. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of HT with bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) as an initial treatment for H. pylori. Methods: This single-center, prospective, randomized clinical controlled trial recruited 225 consecutive patients. They were assigned to either HT group (ilaprazole, 10 mg, twice daily; amoxicillin 1,000 mg, three times daily) or BQT group (compound bismuth aluminate granules, 2.6 g, three times daily; ilaprazole, 5 mg, twice daily; amoxicillin, 1,000 mg, twice daily; clarithromycin, 500 mg, twice daily) for 14 days. The 13C-urea breath test assessed eradication success 4 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome focused on the eradication rate, with secondary outcomes including safety and compliance. Results: From February 2023 to March 2023, 228 subjects were screened, and 225 were randomized. The HT and BQT groups showed eradication rates of 76.3% and 61.3% (p = 0.015) both by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and per-protocol (PP) analysis. HT was associated with fewer adverse events than BQT (27.2% vs. 81.8%, p = 0.002). The most commonly reported adverse events was bitter taste of mouth (3.5% vs. 60.4%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in compliance between the two groups (89.5% vs. 92.8%, p = 0.264). Conclusion: The 14-day HT treatment demonstrates better efficacy in H. pylori eradication treatment and improved safety and compliance compared to BQT. The results provide supporting evidence for 14-day HT can be potentially considered as a first-line regimen for empirical treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=186562, identifier ChiCTR2200066284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang C, Tan L, Liu J, Fu D, Wang C, Li P, Li Z, Liu J. Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Decipher the Latent Mechanisms of Protopanaxatriol against Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012097. [PMID: 36292949 PMCID: PMC9602736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is a peptic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates affecting approximately 4% of the population throughout the world. Current therapies for GU are limited by the high relapse incidence and side effects. Therefore, novel effective antiulcer drugs are urgently needed. Ginsenosides have shown good anti-GU effects, and the major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides, protopanaxatriol (PPT), is believed to be the active component. In this study, we evaluated the anti-GU effect of PPT in rats in an acetic acid-induced GU model. High (H-PPT) and medium (M-PPT) doses of PPT (20.0 and 10.0 mg/mg/day) significantly reduced the ulcer area and the ET-1, IL-6, EGF, SOD, MDA and TNF-α levels in serum were regulated by PPT in a dose-dependent manner. We also investigated the mechanisms of anti-GU activity of PPT based on metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology strategy. The result was that 16 biomarkers, 3 targets and 3 metabolomic pathways were identified as playing a vital role in the treatment of GU with PPT and were further validated by molecular docking. In this study, we have demonstrated that the integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology is an effective strategy for deciphering the complicated mechanisms of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Luying Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juntong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dongxing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (J.L.)
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (J.L.)
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Ye Z, Chen P, Tan C, Gong X, Li R, Dong Z, Ullah I, Zhou C, Zhou S, Xie L, Hou X, Han Z, Gu Q, Ma J, Teng J, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Hu H, Zhuang Q, Chen J, Zhu B, Shao F, Li C. Effects of ilaprazole on the steady-state pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers: An open-label randomized crossover study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952804. [PMID: 36160382 PMCID: PMC9492925 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitors could impair the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. It is uncertain whether ilaprazole affects the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. This study aimed to determine the drug-drug interaction between ilaprazole and clopidogrel. Methods: A randomized crossover trial of 40 healthy subjects was performed. Clopidogrel was administered alone or in combination with ilaprazole for 7 days. The maximal platelet aggregation (MPA) to 5 μmol/L adenosine diphosphate was measured by light transmission aggregometry and the platelet reactivity index (PRI) was determined by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein P2Y12 assay. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOPR) was defined as a MPA of >40%. The inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) and PRI in the two phases were compared between two regimens after the last dosing. Results: IPA was comparable between the two regimens at 0, 10 and 24 h (p > 0.05), but higher at 4 h in the clopidogrel alone regimen compared with that in the combined treatment regimen (75.66 ± 18.44% vs. 70.18 ± 17.67%, p = 0.031). The inhibition of PRI was comparable between the two regimens at 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in the area under the time-IPA% curve (AUC) or the incidence of HOPR at all time-points between the two regimens. Conclusion: In healthy subjects, ilaprazole has limited effect on the pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel and it may not be clinically relevant. Clinical Trial Registration: [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2000031482].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuchu Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sufeng Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemei Hou
- Lizhu Medical Research Institute, Lizhu Group, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Han
- Lizhu Medical Research Institute, Lizhu Group, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiazheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhen Teng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingdan Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuanxia Zhang
- Lizhu Medical Research Institute, Lizhu Group, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitang Hu
- Lizhu Medical Research Institute, Lizhu Group, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Quankun Zhuang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Zhu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Shao, ; Chunjian Li,
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Shao, ; Chunjian Li,
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Lim IH, Lee SJ, Shin BS, Kang HG. Ilaprazole and Clopidogrel Resistance in Acute Stroke Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061366. [PMID: 35740386 PMCID: PMC9219695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet agent used for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, is often taken with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Generally, the combined use of clopidogrel and PPIs causes adverse drug–drug interactions. VerifyNow is a quick and convenient method to confirm clopidogrel resistance (CR), which compromises adequate antithrombotic effects. We aimed to confirm CR, identify its factors, and determine the influence of the combination of ilaprazole and clopidogrel on clopidogrel using VerifyNow. In this retrospective study, we examined patients who were receiving clopidogrel after three months, starting within one week from the onset of cerebral infarction symptoms. Clinical records, imaging records, and diagnostic laboratory results, including P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), were compared and analyzed to check for CR. Additionally, the groups treated with either both ilaprazole and clopidogrel or with medications other than ilaprazole were comparatively analyzed. CR was defined as a PRU ≥240 after clopidogrel for three months. Among factors influencing CR by affecting clopidogrel metabolism, positive statistical correlations with age and alcohol consumption were confirmed. The diagnostic tests revealed a lower glomerular filtration rate and platelet count of the CR-positive group. This finding proved that the combination therapy of ilaprazole and clopidogrel is safe, as it does not interfere with the metabolism of clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-250-1590
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Mousavi T, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. The pharmacotherapeutic management of duodenal and gastric ulcers. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:63-89. [PMID: 34435515 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1959914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the incidence and prevalence of duodenal and gastric ulcers have been declining, it remains challenging for health care systems. Based on the underlying cause, history, and characteristics of ulcers, management is generally provided by administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or antibiotics. AREAS COVERED This article is based on global guidelines and English language literature from the past decade obtained through searches using PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, the US FDA, and the Cochrane library. Using a stepwise approach, dose and duration of treatment, drug interactions, warnings and contraindications, adverse effects, and administration points were specified. New drug candidates that may get American and European approvals were also introduced. EXPERT OPINION Despite the wide use of PPIs, their development lags behind the clinical need. There is an absolute requirement to develop third-generation PPIs with higher potency and improved pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. Regarding the antibiotic resistance crisis, including those used against H. pylori, conducting more clinical trials and investigating regional antibiotic resistance are warranted. Potassium competitive acid blockers, ilaprazole, and an H. pylori vaccine all show promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Mousavi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Evidence-Based Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), and the Pharmaceutical Management and Economics Research Center (PMERC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jia R, Zhang F, Wu N, Xu W, Gao H, Liu B, Wang H. Accelerating Development of Benziamidazole-Class Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Mechanism-Based PK/PD Model to Optimize Study Design with Ilaprazole as a Case Drug. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030392. [PMID: 33804279 PMCID: PMC7998456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the mainstay for treatment of acid-related diseases. This study developed a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) model with ilaprazole as case drug, so as to support and accelerate the development of novel PPIs. The model was established and verified using the PK and PD data from 26 subjects receiving 5 to 30 mg of ilaprazole and 22 subjects receiving the loading dose of ilaprazole 20 mg followed by 10 mg once daily for 2 days. The nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach was performed for the PK/PD model. A two-compartment model with linear elimination and covariates (body weight and gender) described the observed data well. The relationship between plasma concentrations of ilaprazole and gastric acid pH was well quantified with individual variability, in which the synthesis and degradation of H+/K+-ATPase, the food effect, the circular rhythms of gastric acid secretion, and the irreversible inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase by ilaprazole were integrated. This PK/PD model well predicted the PK and PD profile of ilaprazole in healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcers receiving wide range dose regimens. The mechanism-based PK/PD model provided a potential strategy to accelerate the development of novel PPIs by waiving the unnecessary clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Jia
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, China; (R.J.); (F.Z.); (N.W.); (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Fan Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, China; (R.J.); (F.Z.); (N.W.); (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Ni Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, China; (R.J.); (F.Z.); (N.W.); (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Wen Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, China; (R.J.); (F.Z.); (N.W.); (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Huitao Gao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, China; (R.J.); (F.Z.); (N.W.); (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Bo Liu
- Consultant Committee, Hubei Yinghan Pharmaceutical Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100032, China; (R.J.); (F.Z.); (N.W.); (W.X.); (H.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-69158391; Fax: +86-10-69156576
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Identification of the New In Vivo Metabolites of Ilaprazole in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration by LC-MS: In Silico Prediction of the H +/K +-ATPase Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020459. [PMID: 33467211 PMCID: PMC7829900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilaprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat digestive diseases. In this study, blood samples were collected after oral administration of ilaprazole and prepared by liquid–liquid extraction. The metabolites of ilaprazole were detected by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and LC-MSn. A total of twelve in vivo metabolites were detected in rat plasma and six new metabolites of ilaprazole, including one reductive metabolite with sulfide (M3), two hydroxylated metabolites with sulfoxide (M7 and M8), and three oxidative metabolites with sulfone (M9, M11, and M12), were identified. The possible metabolic pathways of ilaprazole and the fragmentation behaviors of its metabolites were elucidated. The result of the in silico prediction indicates that all the new metabolites showed the potential ability to inhibit H+/K+-ATPase activity.
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Gecibesler IH, Aydin M. Plasma Protein Binding of Herbal-Flavonoids to Human Serum Albumin and Their Anti-proliferative Activities. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190819. [PMID: 32491127 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal-flavonoids (HF) as polyphenolic secondary metabolites are taken in the daily diet to join in many metabolic processes in the human organism. Anti-proliferative activities and human serum albumin (HSA) binding capacities of herbal-flavonoids namely 7,5'-dimethoxyisoetin (HF1), homoorientin-6''-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol (HF2), (2R, 3R)-(+)-dihydrokaempferol-7,4'-dimethylether (HF3), eriodictyol-7,4'-dimethylether (HF4) and flavonoids isoorientin (HF5) and genkwanin (HF6) were investigated. Anti-proliferative activities were determined by the xCELLigence system by treatment with human prostate (PC3) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The binding capacities were studied by two-dimensional (2D-FL) and three-dimensional (3D-FL) fluorescence spectroscopy. HeLa and PC3 cell lines were treated with flavonoids at 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL concentrations over a 48 hour period. Stable anti-proliferative efficacy plots were obtained for tested flavonoids. From the flavonoids, HF3 and HF4 showed the strongest anti-proliferative effect against PC3 and HeLa cell line. HF1 and HF2 exhibited the strongest binding capacity to the HSA corresponding to Kb values of 3.81 x 104 M-1 and 6.00 x 104 M-1, respectively. The studies revealed that the flavonoids form the basis of in vivo preclinical studies as important nutraceuticals of the daily diet, as well as modelled in medical and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murat Aydin
- Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
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Effects of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proton pump inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tang C, Chen Z, Dai X, Zhu W, Zhong D, Chen X. Mechanism of Reductive Metabolism and Chiral Inversion of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:657-664. [PMID: 30962289 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.086090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Racemic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been developed into pure enantiomers given superior pharmacokinetic profiles. However, after doses of single enantiomer PPIs, different degrees of chiral inversion were observed. We investigated the relationship between chiral inversion and reductive metabolism of PPIs, as well as the mechanism of reductive metabolism. In liver microsomes and Sprague-Dawley rats, PPI thioethers were stereoselectively oxidized to (R)- and (S)-PPIs, indicating that thioethers could be the intermediates of chiral inversion. By comparing the area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratios of thioether to rabeprazole under different routes of administration and blood sampling site, it was determined that thioether was mainly formed in the liver rather than the intestine. The formation rate of PPI thioethers in liver subcellular fractions was significantly higher than that in buffers. Sulfhydryl-blocking agents, such as N-ethylmaleimide, menadione, and ethacrynic acid, inhibited the reductive metabolism of PPIs in vitro, and their corresponding glutathione conjugates were observed. Similar amounts of thioethers were formed in glutathione solutions as in liver subcellular fractions, indicating that biologic reducing agents, instead of reductases, accelerated the reductive metabolism of PPIs. The reduction rates in glutathione solutions were ordered as follows: rabeprazole > omeprazole > lansoprazole > pantoprazole, which was consistent with the natural bond orbital charges of sulfur atoms in these compounds. In conclusion, PPIs were transformed into thioethers by biologic reducing agents in liver, and thioethers continued to be oxidized to two enantiomers, leading to chiral inversion. Furthermore, inhibiting oxidative metabolism of PPIs enhanced reductive metabolism and chiral inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhuang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (C.T., Z.C., X.D., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.T., Z.C., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.)
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (C.T., Z.C., X.D., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.T., Z.C., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.)
| | - Xiaojian Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (C.T., Z.C., X.D., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.T., Z.C., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.)
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (C.T., Z.C., X.D., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.T., Z.C., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.)
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (C.T., Z.C., X.D., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.T., Z.C., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.)
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China (C.T., Z.C., X.D., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.); and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.T., Z.C., W.Z., D.Z., X.C.)
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