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Bi YA, Jordan S, King-Ahmad A, West MA, Varma MVS. Mechanistic Determinants of Daprodustat Drug-Drug Interactions and Pharmacokinetics in Hepatic Dysfunction and Chronic Kidney Disease: Significance of OATP1B-CYP2C8 Interplay. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:1336-1345. [PMID: 38404228 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Daprodustat is the first oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved recently for the treatment of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults receiving dialysis. We evaluated the role of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B-mediated hepatic uptake transport in the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of daprodustat using in vitro and in vivo studies, and physiologically-based PK (PBPK) modeling of its drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with inhibitor drugs. In vitro, daprodustat showed specific transport by OATP1B1/1B3 in the transfected cell systems and primary human and monkey hepatocytes. A single-dose oral rifampin (OATP1B inhibitor) reduced daprodustat intravenous clearance by a notable 9.9 ± 1.2-fold (P < 0.05) in cynomolgus monkeys. Correspondingly, volume of distribution at steady-state was also reduced by 5.0 ± 1.1-fold, whereas the half-life change was minimal (1.5-fold), corroborating daprodustat hepatic uptake inhibition by rifampin. A PBPK model accounting for OATP1B-CYP2C8 interplay was developed, which well described daprodustat PK and DDIs with gemfibrozil (CYP2C8 and OATP1B inhibitor) and trimethoprim (weak CYP2C8 inhibitor) within 25% error of the observed data in healthy subjects. About 18-fold increase in daprodustat area under the curve (AUC) following gemfibrozil treatment was found to be associated with strong CYP2C8 inhibition and moderate OATP1B inhibition. Moreover, PK modulation in hepatic dysfunction and subjects with CKD, in comparison to healthy control, was well-captured by the model. CYP2C8 and/or OATP1B inhibitor drugs (e.g., gemfibrozil, clopidogrel, rifampin, and cyclosporine) were predicted to perpetrate moderate-to-strong DDIs in healthy subjects, as well as, in target CKD population. Daprodustat can be used as a sensitive CYP2C8 index substrate in the absence of OATP1B modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Bi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer R&D, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Samantha Jordan
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer R&D, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amanda King-Ahmad
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer R&D, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark A West
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer R&D, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer R&D, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
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Liang X, Koleske ML, Yang J, Lai Y. Building a Predictive PBPK Model for Human OATP Substrates: a Strategic Framework for Early Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacokinetic Variations Using Pitavastatin as an Example. AAPS J 2024; 26:13. [PMID: 38182946 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
To select a drug candidate for clinical development, accurately and promptly predicting human pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, assessing drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and anticipating potential PK variations in disease populations are crucial steps in drug discovery. The complexity of predicting human PK significantly increases when hepatic transporters are involved in drug clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vss). A strategic framework is developed here, utilizing pitavastatin as an example. The framework includes the construction of a monkey physiologically-based PK (PBPK) model, model calibration to obtain scaling factors (SF) of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) for various clearance parameters, human model development and validation, and assessment of DDIs and PK variations in disease populations. Through incorporating in vitro human parameters and calibrated SFs from the monkey model of 3.45, 0.14, and 1.17 for CLint,active, CLint,passive, and CLint,bile, respectively, and together with the relative fraction transported by individual transporters obtained from in vitro studies and the optimized Ki values for OATP inhibition, the model reasonably captured observed pitavastatin PK profiles, DDIs and PK variations in human subjects carrying genetic polymorphisms, i.e., AUC within 20%. Lastly, when applying the functional reduction based on measured OATP1B biomarkers, the model adequately predicted PK changes in the hepatic impairment population. The present study presents a strategic framework for early-stage drug development, enabling the prediction of PK profiles and assessment of PK variations in scenarios like DDIs, genetic polymorphism, and hepatic impairment-related disease states, specifically focusing on OATP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California, 94404, USA
| | - Megan L Koleske
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California, 94404, USA
| | - Jesse Yang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California, 94404, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr., Foster City, California, 94404, USA.
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Chu J, Panfen E, Wang L, Marino A, Chen XQ, Fancher RM, Landage R, Patil O, Desai SD, Shah D, Xue Y, Sinz M, Shen H. Evaluation of Encequidar as An Intestinal P-gp and BCRP Specific Inhibitor to Assess the Role of Intestinal P-gp and BCRP in Drug-Drug Interactions. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2567-2584. [PMID: 37523014 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The differences between intestinal and systemic (hepatic and renal) P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) roles in drug disposition are difficult to define. Accordingly, we characterized Encequidar (ECD) as an intestinal P-gp and BCRP specific inhibitor to evaluate their role in drug disposition. METHODS We assessed the in vitro and in vivo inhibition potential of ECD towards human and animal P-gp and BCRP. RESULTS ECD is a potent inhibitor with a high degree of selectivity in inhibiting human P-gp (hP-gp) over human BCRP (hBCRP) (IC50s of 0.0058 ± 0.0006 vs. > 10 µM, respectively). In contrast, ECD is a potent inhibitor of rat and cynomolgus monkey BCRP (IC50 ranged from 0.059 to 0.18 µM). While the AUC of IV paclitaxel (PTX) was significantly increased by elacridar (ELD) (P < 0.05) but not ECD in rats (15 mg/kg; PO) (2.55- vs. 0.93-fold), that of PO PTX was significantly elevated to a similar extent between the inhibitors (39.5- vs. 33.5-fold). Similarly, the AUC of PO sulfasalazine (SFZ) was dramatically increased by ELD and ECD (16.6- vs. 3.04-fold) although that of IV SFZ was not significantly affected by ELD and ECD in rats (1.18- vs. 1.06-fold). Finally, a comparable ECD-induced increase of the AUC of PO talinolol in cynomolgus monkeys was observed compared with ELD (2.14- vs. 2.12-fold). CONCLUSIONS ECD may allow an in-depth appraisal of the role of intestinal efflux transporter(s) in drug disposition in animals and humans through local intestinal drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chu
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Erika Panfen
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Linna Wang
- Nonclinical Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Anthony Marino
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Chen
- Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - R Marcus Fancher
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Raviraj Landage
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Omprakash Patil
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Salil Dileep Desai
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Devang Shah
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Yongjun Xue
- Nonclinical Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Michael Sinz
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA.
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Huh Y, Plotka A, Wei H, Kaplan J, Raha N, Towner J, Purohit VS, Dowty ME, Wolk R, Vourvahis M, King-Ahmad A, Mathialagan S, West MA, Lazzaro S, Ryu S, Rodrigues AD. Utilization of Rosuvastatin and Endogenous Biomarkers in Evaluating the Impact of Ritlecitinib on BCRP, OATP1B1, and OAT3 Transporter Activity. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2639-2651. [PMID: 37561322 PMCID: PMC10733197 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ritlecitinib, an inhibitor of Janus kinase 3 and tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family kinases, is in development for inflammatory diseases. This study assessed the impact of ritlecitinib on drug transporters using a probe drug and endogenous biomarkers. METHODS In vitro transporter-mediated substrate uptake and inhibition by ritlecitinib and its major metabolite were evaluated. Subsequently, a clinical drug interaction study was conducted in 12 healthy adult participants to assess the effect of ritlecitinib on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), and organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3). Plasma concentrations of coproporphyrin I (CP-I) and pyridoxic acid (PDA) were assessed as endogenous biomarkers for OATP1B1 and OAT1/3 function, respectively. RESULTS In vitro studies suggested that ritlecitinib can potentially inhibit BCRP, OATP1B1 and OAT1/3 based on regulatory cutoffs. In the subsequent clinical study, coadministration of ritlecitinib decreased rosuvastatin plasma exposure area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) by ~ 13% and maximum concentration (Cmax) by ~ 27% relative to rosuvastatin administered alone. Renal clearance was comparable in the absence and presence of ritlecitinib coadministration. PK parameters of AUCinf and Cmax for CP-I and PDA were also similar regardless of ritlecitinib coadministration. CONCLUSION Ritlecitinib does not inhibit BCRP, OATP1B1, and OAT3 and is unlikely to cause a clinically relevant interaction through these transporters. Furthermore, our findings add to the body of evidence supporting the utility of CP-I and PDA as endogenous biomarkers for assessment of OATP1B1 and OAT1/3 transporter activity.
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Sun L, Mi K, Hou Y, Hui T, Zhang L, Tao Y, Liu Z, Huang L. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interactions: Research Methods and Applications. Metabolites 2023; 13:897. [PMID: 37623842 PMCID: PMC10456269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the high research and development cost of new drugs, the long development process of new drugs, and the high failure rate at later stages, combining past drugs has gradually become a more economical and attractive alternative. However, the ensuing problem of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) urgently need to be solved, and combination has attracted a lot of attention from pharmaceutical researchers. At present, DDI is often evaluated and investigated from two perspectives: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. However, in some special cases, DDI cannot be accurately evaluated from a single perspective. Therefore, this review describes and compares the current DDI evaluation methods based on two aspects: pharmacokinetic interaction and pharmacodynamic interaction. The methods summarized in this paper mainly include probe drug cocktail methods, liver microsome and hepatocyte models, static models, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, machine learning models, in vivo comparative efficacy studies, and in vitro static and dynamic tests. This review aims to serve as a useful guide for interested researchers to promote more scientific accuracy and clinical practical use of DDI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Tianyi Hui
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Lan Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; (L.S.); (K.M.); (Y.H.); (T.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China
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Shang H, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Yang H, Ci X, Cui T, Xia Y, Gu Y, Liao M, Li Q, Si D, Liu C. Intestinal absorption mechanism of rotundic acid: Involvement of P-gp and OATP2B1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115006. [PMID: 35051604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilicis Rotundae Cortex (IRC), the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), has been used for the prevention or treatment of colds, tonsillitis, dysentery, and gastrointestinal diseases in folk medicine due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is no report about the intestinal absorption of major compounds that support traditional usage. AIM OF STUDY Considering the potential of rotundic acid (RA) - major biologically active pentacyclic triterpenes found in the IRC, this study was purposed to uncover the oral absorption mechanism of RA using in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model, in vitro cell models (Caco-2, MDCKII-WT, MDCKII-MDR1, MDCKII-BCRP, and HEK293-OATP2B1 cells) and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The molecular properties (solubility, lipophilicity, and chemical stability) and the effects of principal parameters (time, compound concentrations, pH, paracellular pathway, and the different intestinal segments) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The susceptibility of RA to various inhibitors, such as P-gp inhibitor verapamil, BCRP inhibitor Ko143, OATP 2B1 inhibitor rifampicin, and absorption enhancer EGTA were assessed. RESULTS RA was a compound with low water solubility (12.89 μg/mL) and strong lipophilicity (LogP = 4.1). RA was considered stable in all media during the SPIP and transport studies. The SPIP and cell experiments showed RA was moderate absorbed in the intestines and exhibited time, concentration, pH, and segment-dependent permeability. In addition, results from the cell model, in situ SPIP model as well as the in vivo pharmacokinetics studies consistently showed that verapamil, rifampicin, and EGTA might have significant effect on the intestinal absorption of RA. CONCLUSION The mechanisms of intestinal absorption of RA might involve multiple transport pathways, including passive diffusion, the participation of efflux (i.e., P-gp) and influx (i.e., OATP2B1) transporters, and paracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Research Center of Bio-Technology, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Huajiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ci
- Research Center of Bio-Technology, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Research Center of Bio-Technology, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Maoliang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Ringpu Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Quansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Duanyun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300000, China; Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Shen H, Yang Z, Rodrigues AD. Cynomolgus Monkey as an Emerging Animal Model to Study Drug Transporters: In Vitro, In Vivo, In Vitro-To-In Vivo Translation. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:299-319. [PMID: 34893475 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters have been recognized as one of the key determinants of pharmacokinetics and are also known to affect the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Both qualitatively and quantitatively, however, transporter studies conducted using human in vitro systems have not always been predictive. Consequently, researchers have utilized cynomolgus monkeys as a model to study drug transporters and anticipate their effects in humans. Burgeoning reports of data in the last few years necessitates a comprehensive review on the topic of drug transporters in cynomolgus monkeys that includes cell-based tools, sequence homology, tissue expression, in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). This review highlights the state-of-the-art applications of monkey transporter models to support the evaluation of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, clearance predictions, and endogenous transporter biomarker identification and validation. The data demonstrate that cynomolgus monkey transporter models, when used appropriately, can be an invaluable tool to support drug discovery and development processes. Most importantly, they provide an early IVIVE assessment which provides additional context to human in vitro data. Additionally, comprehending species similarities and differences in transporter tissue expression and activity is crucial when translating monkey data to humans. The challenges and limitations when applying such models to inform decision-making must also be considered. Significance Statement This paper presents a comprehensive review of currently available published reports describing cynomolgus monkey transporter models. The data indicate that cynomolgus monkeys provide mechanistic insight regarding the role of intestinal, hepatic, and renal transporters in drug and biomarker disposition and drug interactions. It is concluded that the data generated with cynomolgus monkey models provide mechanistic insight regarding transporter-mediated absorption and disposition, as well as human clearance prediction, drug-drug interaction assessment, and endogenous biomarker development related to drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, United States
| | - Zheng Yang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., United States
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Wiebe ST, Giessmann T, Hohl K, Schmidt-Gerets S, Hauel E, Jambrecina A, Bader K, Ishiguro N, Taub ME, Sharma A, Ebner T, Mikus G, Fromm MF, Müller F, Stopfer P. Validation of a Drug Transporter Probe Cocktail Using the Prototypical Inhibitors Rifampin, Probenecid, Verapamil, and Cimetidine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 59:1627-1639. [PMID: 32504272 PMCID: PMC7716890 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective A novel cocktail containing four substrates of key drug transporters was previously optimized to eliminate mutual drug–drug interactions between the probes digoxin (P-glycoprotein substrate), furosemide (organic anion transporter 1/3), metformin (organic cation transporter 2, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1/2-K), and rosuvastatin (organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1/3, breast cancer resistance protein). This clinical trial investigated the effects of four commonly employed drug transporter inhibitors on cocktail drug pharmacokinetics. Methods In a randomized open-label crossover trial in 45 healthy male subjects, treatment groups received the cocktail with or without single oral doses of rifampin, verapamil, cimetidine or probenecid. Concentrations of the probe drugs in serial plasma samples and urine fractions were measured by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays to assess systemic exposure. Results The results were generally in accordance with known in vitro and/or clinical drug–drug interaction data. Single-dose rifampin increased rosuvastatin area under the plasma concentration–time curve up to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–tz) by 248% and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) by 1025%. Probenecid increased furosemide AUC0–tz by 172% and Cmax by 23%. Cimetidine reduced metformin renal clearance by 26%. The effect of single-dose verapamil on digoxin systemic exposure was less than expected from multiple-dose studies (AUC0–tz unaltered, Cmax + 22%). Conclusions Taking all the interaction results together, the transporter cocktail is considered to be validated as a sensitive and specific tool for evaluating transporter-mediated drug–drug interactions in drug development. Clinical Trial Registration EudraCT number 2017-001549-29. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40262-020-00907-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina T Wiebe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,UniversitätsKlinikum Heidelberg-Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Klinische Pharmakologie and Pharmakoepidemiologie, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giessmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hohl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sven Schmidt-Gerets
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Edith Hauel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Alen Jambrecina
- CTC North GmbH & Co KG, University Medical Centre Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bader
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitchell E Taub
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Ebner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gerd Mikus
- UniversitätsKlinikum Heidelberg-Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Klinische Pharmakologie and Pharmakoepidemiologie, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Stopfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Yin J, Li F, Li Z, Yu L, Zhu F, Zeng S. Feature, Function, and Information of Drug Transporter Related Databases. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:76-85. [PMID: 34426411 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid progress in pharmaceutical experiments and clinical investigations, extensive knowledge of drug transporters (DTs) has accumulated, which is valuable data for the understanding of drug metabolism and disposition. However, such data is largely dispersed in the literature, which hampers its utility and significantly limits its possibility for comprehensive analysis. A variety of databases have, therefore, been constructed to provide DT-related data, and they were reviewed in this study. First, several knowledge bases providing data regarding clinically important drugs and their corresponding transporters were discussed, which constituted the most important resources of DT-centered data. Second, some databases describing the general transporters and their functional families were reviewed. Third, various databases offering transporter information as part of their entire data collection were described. Finally, customized database functions that are available to facilitate DT-related research were discussed. This review provided an overview of the whole collection of DT-related databases, which might facilitate research on precision medicine and rational drug use. Significance Statement A collection of well-established databases related to DTs were comprehensively reviewed, which were organized according to their importance in drug ADME research. These databases could collectively contribute to the research on rational drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, China
| | | | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
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10
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Jala A, Ponneganti S, Vishnubhatla DS, Bhuvanam G, Mekala PR, Varghese B, Radhakrishnanand P, Adela R, Murty US, Borkar RM. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions: advancement in models, analytical tools, and regulatory perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:285-320. [PMID: 33980079 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1928687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters are a serious clinical concern hence a tremendous amount of work has been done on the characterization of the transporter-mediated proteins in humans and animals. The underlying mechanism for the transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction is the induction or inhibition of the transporter which is involved in the cellular uptake and efflux of drugs. Transporter of the brain, liver, kidney, and intestine are major determinants that alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion profile of drugs, and considerably influence the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. As a consequence, transporter proteins may affect the therapeutic activity and safety of drugs. However, mounting evidence suggests that many drugs change the activity and/or expression of the transporter protein. Accordingly, evaluation of drug interaction during the drug development process is an integral part of risk assessment and regulatory requirements. Therefore, this review will highlight the clinical significance of the transporter, their role in disease, possible cause underlying the drug-drug interactions using analytical tools, and update on the regulatory requirement. The recent in-silico approaches which emphasize the advancement in the discovery of drug-drug interactions are also highlighted in this review. Besides, we discuss several endogenous biomarkers that have shown to act as substrates for many transporters, which could be potent determinants to find the drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are taken into consideration in the drug approval process therefore we also provided the extrapolated decision trees from in-vitro to in-vivo, which may trigger the follow-up to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Srikanth Ponneganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Devi Swetha Vishnubhatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gayathri Bhuvanam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Prithvi Raju Mekala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Pullapanthula Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | | | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
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11
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Sharma S, Prasad B. Meta-Analysis of Food Effect on Oral Absorption of Efflux Transporter Substrate Drugs: Does Delayed Gastric Emptying Influence Drug Transport Kinetics? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1035. [PMID: 34371727 PMCID: PMC8309017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral route of drug administration is the most convenient method of drug delivery, but it is associated with variable bioavailability. Food is one of the major factors that affect oral drug absorption by influencing drug properties (e.g., solubility and dissolution rate) and physiological factors (e.g., metabolism and transport across the gastrointestinal tract). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of food on the high-affinity intestinal efflux transporter substrate drugs. We hypothesized that transport efficiency is higher in the fed state as compared to the fasted state because of the lower intestinal lumen drug concentration due to prolonged gastric emptying time. A systematic analysis of reported clinical food-effect (FE) studies on 311 drugs was performed and the association of the efflux transport efficiency was investigated on the FE magnitude, i.e., changes in maximal plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time profile curve for both solubility and permeability-limited drugs. In total, 124 and 88 drugs showed positive and negative FE, respectively, whereas 99 showed no FE. As expected, the solubility-limited drugs showed positive FE, but interestingly, drugs with a high potential for efflux transport, were associated with negative FE. Moreover, a high-fat diet was associated with a higher magnitude of negative FE for high-affinity efflux transporter substrates as compared to a low-fat diet. To account for changes in drug absorption after food intake, the prolonged gastric emptying time should be considered in the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of orally absorbed efflux transporter substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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12
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Costales C, Lin J, Kimoto E, Yamazaki S, Gosset JR, Rodrigues AD, Lazzaro S, West MA, West M, Varma MVS. Quantitative prediction of breast cancer resistant protein mediated drug-drug interactions using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 10:1018-1031. [PMID: 34164937 PMCID: PMC8452302 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative assessment of drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) involving breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition is challenged by overlapping substrate/inhibitor specificity. This study used physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to delineate the effects of inhibitor drugs on BCRP‐ and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B‐mediated disposition of rosuvastatin, which is a recommended BCRP clinical probe. Initial static model analysis using in vitro inhibition data suggested BCRP/OATP1B DDI risk while considering regulatory cutoff criteria for a majority of inhibitors assessed (25 of 27), which increased rosuvastatin plasma exposure to varying degree (~ 0–600%). However, rosuvastatin area under plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) was minimally impacted by BCRP inhibitors with calculated G‐value (= gut concentration/inhibition potency) below 100. A comprehensive PBPK model accounting for intestinal (OATP2B1 and BCRP), hepatic (OATP1B, BCRP, and MRP4), and renal (OAT3) transport mechanisms was developed for rosuvastatin. Adopting in vitro inhibition data, rosuvastatin plasma AUC changes were predicted within 25% error for 9 of 12 inhibitors evaluated via PBPK modeling. This study illustrates the adequacy and utility of a mechanistic model‐informed approach in quantitatively assessing BCRP‐mediated DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Costales
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Emi Kimoto
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Shinji Yamazaki
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James R Gosset
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Lazzaro
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Mark A West
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Michael West
- Discovery Science, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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13
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Cheng Y, Liang X, Hao J, Niu C, Lai Y. Application of a PBPK model to elucidate the changes of systemic and liver exposures for rosuvastatin, carotegrast, and bromfenac followed by OATP inhibition in monkeys. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1924-1934. [PMID: 34058067 PMCID: PMC8504809 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of organic anion‐transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibition on systemic and liver exposures of three OATP substrates was investigated in cynomolgus monkeys. A monkey physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was constructed to describe the exposure changes followed by OATP functional attenuation. Rosuvastatin, bromfenac, and carotegrast were administered as a single intravenous cassette dose (0.5 mg/kg each) in monkeys with and without predosing with rifampin (RIF; 20 mg/kg) orally. The plasma exposure of rosuvastatin, bromfenac, carotegrast, and OATP biomarkers, coproporphyrin I (CP‐I) and CP‐III were increased 2.3, 2.1, 9.1, 5.4, and 8.8‐fold, respectively, when compared to the vehicle group. The liver to plasma ratios of rosuvastatin and bromfenac were reduced but the liver concentration of the drugs remained unchanged by RIF treatment. The liver concentrations of carotegrast, CP‐I, and CP‐III were unchanged at 1 h but increased at 6 h in the RIF‐treated group. The passive permeability, active uptake, and biliary excretion were characterized in suspended and sandwich‐cultured monkey hepatocytes and then incorporated into the monkey PBPK model. As demonstrated by the PBPK model, the plasma exposure is increased through OATP inhibition while liver exposure is maintained by passive permeability driven from an elevated plasma level. Liver exposure is sensitive to the changes of metabolism and biliary clearances. The model further suggested the involvement of additional mechanisms for hepatic uptakes of rosuvastatin and bromfenac, and of the inhibition of biliary excretion for carotegrast, CP‐I, and CP‐III by RIF. Collectively, impaired OATP function would not reduce the liver exposure of its substrates in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Cheng
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Jia Hao
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Congrong Niu
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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14
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Eng H, Bi YA, West MA, Ryu S, Yamaguchi E, Kosa RE, Tess DA, Griffith DA, Litchfield J, Kalgutkar AS, Varma MVS. Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1/1B3-Mediated Hepatic Uptake Determines the Pharmacokinetics of Large Lipophilic Acids: In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation in Cynomolgus Monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:169-180. [PMID: 33509903 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally presumed that uptake transport mechanisms are of limited significance in hepatic clearance for lipophilic or high passive-permeability drugs. In this study, we evaluated the mechanistic role of the hepato-selective organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1/1B3 in the pharmacokinetics of compounds representing large lipophilic acid space. Intravenous pharmacokinetics of 16 compounds with molecular mass ∼400-730 Da, logP ∼3.5-8, and acid pKa <6 were obtained in cynomolgus monkey after dosing without and with a single-dose rifampicin-OATP1B1/1B3 probe inhibitor. Rifampicin (30 mg/kg oral) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced monkey clearance and/or steady-state volume of distribution (VDss) for 15 of 16 acids evaluated. Additionally, clearance of danoprevir was reduced by about 35%, although statistical significance was not reached. A significant linear relationship was noted between the clearance ratio (i.e., ratio of control to treatment groups) and VDss ratio, suggesting hepatic uptake contributes to the systemic clearance and distribution simultaneously. In vitro transport studies using primary monkey and human hepatocytes showed uptake inhibition by rifampicin (100 µM) for compounds with logP ≤6.5 but not for the very lipophilic acids (logP > 6.5), which generally showed high nonspecific binding in hepatocyte incubations. In vitro uptake clearance and fraction transported by OATP1B1/1B3 (ft,OATP1B) were found to be similar in monkey and human hepatocytes. Finally, for compounds with logP ≤6.5, good agreement was noted between in vitro ft,OATP1B and clearance ratio (as well as VDss ratio) in cynomolgus monkey. In conclusion, this study provides mechanistic evidence for the pivotal role of OATP1B-mediated hepatic uptake in the pharmacokinetics across a wide, large lipophilic acid space. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study provides mechanistic insight into the pharmacokinetics of a broad range of large lipophilic acids. Organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1B1/1B3-mediated hepatic uptake is of key importance in the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of almost all drugs and new molecular entities in this space. Diligent in vitro and in vivo transport characterization is needed to avoid the false negatives often noted because of general limitations in the in vitro assays while handling compounds with such physicochemical attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Eng
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yi-An Bi
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A West
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sangwoo Ryu
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emi Yamaguchi
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel E Kosa
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Tess
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Griffith
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John Litchfield
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (H.E., Y.B., M.A.W., S.R., E.Y., R.E.K., M.V.S.V.), and PDM (D.A.T., J.L., A.S.K.) and Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development (D.A.G.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
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15
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Ronaldson PT, Brzica H, Abdullahi W, Reilly BG, Davis TP. Transport Properties of Statins by Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1A2 and Regulation by Transforming Growth Factor- β Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 376:148-160. [PMID: 33168642 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our in vivo rodent studies have shown that organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) 1a4 is critical for blood-to-brain transport of statins, drugs that are effective neuroprotectants. Additionally, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling via the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) receptor regulates Oatp1a4 functional expression. The human ortholog of Oatp1a4 is OATP1A2. Therefore, the translational significance of our work requires demonstration that OATP1A2 can transport statins and is regulated by TGF-β/ALK1 signaling. Cellular uptake and monolayer permeability of atorvastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin were investigated in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Regulation of OATP1A2 by the TGF-β/ALK1 pathway was evaluated using bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9), a selective ALK1 agonist, and LDN193189, an ALK1 antagonist. We showed that statin accumulation in HUVECs requires OATP1A2-mediated uptake but is also affected by efflux transporters (i.e., P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein). Absorptive flux (i.e., apical-to-basolateral) for all statins was higher than secretory flux (i.e., basolateral-to-apical) and was decreased by an OATP inhibitor (i.e., estrone-3-sulfate). OATP1A2 protein expression, statin uptake, and cellular monolayer permeability were increased by BMP-9 treatment. This effect was attenuated in the presence of LDN193189. Apical-to-basolateral statin transport across human endothelial cellular monolayers requires functional expression of OATP1A2, which can be controlled by therapeutically targeting TGF-β/ALK1 signaling. Taken together with our previous work, the present data show that OATP-mediated drug transport is a critical mechanism in facilitating neuroprotective drug disposition across endothelial barriers of the blood-brain barrier. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Transporter data derived from rodent models requires validation in human models. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, this study has shown that statin transport is mediated by OATP1A2. Additionally, we demonstrated that OATP1A2 is regulated by transforming growth factor-β/activin receptor-like kinase 1 signaling. This work emphasizes the need to consider endothelial transporter kinetics and regulation during preclinical drug development. Furthermore, our forward-thinking approach can identify effective therapeutics for diseases for which drug development has been challenging (i.e., neurological diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hrvoje Brzica
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wazir Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Bianca G Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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16
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Tess DA, Eng H, Kalgutkar AS, Litchfield J, Edmonds DJ, Griffith DA, Varma MVS. Predicting the Human Hepatic Clearance of Acidic and Zwitterionic Drugs. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11831-11844. [PMID: 32985885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prospective predictions of human hepatic clearance for anionic/zwitterionic compounds, which are oftentimes subjected to transporter-mediated uptake, are challenging in drug discovery. We evaluated the utility of preclinical species, rats and cynomolgus monkeys [nonhuman primates (NHPs)], to predict the human hepatic clearance using a diverse set of acidic/zwitterionic drugs. Preclinical clearance data were generated following intravenous dosing in rats/NHPs and compared to the human clearance data (n = 18/27). Single-species scaling of NHP clearance with an allometric exponent of 0.50 allowed for good prediction of human clearance (fold error ∼2.1, bias ∼1.0), with ∼86% predictions within 3-fold. In comparison, rats underpredicted the clearance of lipophilic acids, while overprediction was noted for hydrophilic acids. Finally, an in vitro clearance assay based on human hepatocytes, which is routinely used in discovery setting, markedly underpredicted human clearance (bias ∼0.12). Collectively, this study provides insights into the usefulness of the preclinical models in enabling pharmacokinetic optimization for acid/zwitterionic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Tess
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Litchfield
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J Edmonds
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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17
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Guo C, Brouwer KR, Stewart PW, Mosley C, Brouwer KLR. Probe Cocktail to Assess Transporter Function in Sandwich-Cultured Human Hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:567-575. [PMID: 31804919 DOI: 10.18433/jpps30706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Probe substrates are used routinely to assess transporter function in vitro. Administration of multiple probe substrates together as a "cocktail" in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) could increase the throughput of transporter function assessment in a physiologically-relevant in vitro system. This study was designed to compare transporter function between cocktail and single agent administration in SCHH. METHODS Rosuvastatin, digoxin, and metformin were selected as probe substrates of hepatic transporters OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP, P-gp, and OCT1. Total accumulation (Cells+Bile) and biliary excretion index (BEI) values derived from administration of the cocktail were compared to values obtained after administration of single agents in the absence and presence of a model inhibitor, erythromycin estolate. RESULTS For rosuvastatin and metformin accumulation, the ratio of means [90% confidence interval (CI)] for cocktail to single agent administration was 100% [94%, 106%] and 90% [82%, 99%], respectively. Therefore, the cocktail and single-agent mode of administration were deemed equivalent per standard equivalence criterion of 80-120% for rosuvastatin and metformin accumulation, but not for digoxin accumulation (77% [62%, 92%]). The ratio of means [90% CI] for rosuvastatin BEI values between the two administration modes (105% [97%, 114%]) also was deemed equivalent. The ratio for digoxin BEI values between the two administration modes was 99% [78%, 120%]. In the presence of erythromycin estolate, the two administration modes were deemed equivalent for evaluation of rosuvastatin, digoxin, and metformin accumulation; the ratio of means [90% CI] was 104% [94%, 115%], 94% [82%, 105%], and 100% [88%, 111%], respectively. However, rosuvastatin and digoxin BEI values were low and quite variable in the presence of the inhibitor, so the BEI results were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that rosuvastatin and metformin can be administered as a cocktail to evaluate the function of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP, and OCT1 in SCHH, and that digoxin may not be an ideal component of such a cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Guo
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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18
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Zhang Y, Holenarsipur VK, Kandoussi H, Zeng J, Mariappan TT, Sinz M, Shen H. Detection of Weak Organic Anion–Transporting Polypeptide 1B Inhibition by Probenecid with Plasma-Based Coproporphyrin in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:841-848. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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19
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Chen SJ, Chen XQ, Shuster DJ, Puszczalo PD, Fancher RM, Yang Z, Sinz M, Shen H. Absence of OATP1B (Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide) Induction by Rifampin in Cynomolgus Monkeys: Determination Using the Endogenous OATP1B Marker Coproporphyrin and Tissue Gene Expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:139-151. [PMID: 32719071 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B induction is an evolving mechanism of drug disposition and interaction. However, there are contradictory reports describing OATP1B expression in hepatocytes and liver biopsies after administration of an inducer. This study investigated the in vivo effects of the common inducer rifampin (RIF) on the activity and expression of cynomolgus monkey OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters, which are structurally and functionally similar their human OATP1B counterparts. Multiple doses of oral RIF (15 mg/kg) resulted in a steady 3.9-fold increase of CYP3A biomarker, 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC), in the plasma samples collected before each RIF dose during the treatment period (i.e., predose). In contrast, the predose plasma levels of OATP1B biomarkers coproporphyrin (CP) I and CPIII did not change when compared with RIF treatment. The trough concentration, area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and half-life of RIF decreased markedly during RIF treatment, suggesting that RIF induced its own clearance. Consequently, RIF treatment increased CPI and CPIII AUCs substantially after a single administration and, to a lesser extent, after multiple administrations compared with preadministration AUCs. In addition, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 mRNA expressions were not modulated by RIF treatment (0.85-1.3-fold), whereas CYP3A8 expression was increased 3.7-5.0-fold, which correlated well with the predose levels of CP and 4βHC. Rifampin treatment showed 2.0-3.3-fold increases in P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) expression in the small intestine. Collectively, these findings indicate that monkey OATP1B and OATP1B3 are not induced by RIF, and further investigation of OATP1B induction by RIF and other nuclear receptor activators in humans is warranted. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this study, combined endogenous biomarker and gene expression data suggested that RIF did not induce OATP1B in cynomolgus monkeys. For the first time, the study determines transporter gene expression in the nonhuman primate liver, gut, and kidney tissues after administration of RIF for 7 days, leading to a better understanding of the induction of OATP1B and other major drug transporters. Finally, it provides evidence to strengthen the claim that coproporphyrin is a suitable endogenous probe of OATP1B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zhang
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Cliff Chen
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Shen-Jue Chen
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Xue-Qing Chen
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David J Shuster
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Pawel D Puszczalo
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - R Marcus Fancher
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Zheng Yang
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael Sinz
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Hong Shen
- Departments of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (Y.Z., C.C., R.M.F., Z.Y., M.S., H.S.), Discovery Toxicology (S.-J.C.), Discovery Pharmaceutics (X.-Q.C.), and Veterinary Sciences (D.J.S., P.D.P.), Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
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20
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Gu X, Wang L, Gan J, Fancher RM, Tian Y, Hong Y, Lai Y, Sinz M, Shen H. Absorption and Disposition of Coproporphyrin I (CPI) in Cynomolgus Monkeys and Mice: Pharmacokinetic Evidence to Support the Use of CPI to Inform the Potential for Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Inhibition. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:724-734. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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21
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Nakaoka T, Uetake Y, Kaneko KI, Niwa T, Ochiai H, Irie S, Suezaki Y, Otsuka N, Hayashinaka E, Wada Y, Cui Y, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y, Hosoya T, Watanabe Y. Practical Synthesis of [ 18F]Pitavastatin and Evaluation of Hepatobiliary Transport Activity in Rats by Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1884-1898. [PMID: 32271581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed a practical synthetic method for fluorine-18 (18F)-labeled pitavastatin ([18F]PTV) as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to assess hepatobiliary transporter activity and conducted a PET scan as a preclinical study for proof-of-concept in rats. This method is a one-pot synthesis involving aromatic 18F-fluorination of an arylboronic acid ester followed by deprotection under acidic conditions, which can be reproduced in general clinical sites equipped with a standard radiolabeling system due to the simplified procedure. PET imaging confirmed that intravenously administered [18F]PTV was rapidly accumulated in the liver and gradually transferred into the intestinal lumen through the bile duct. Radiometabolite analysis showed that [18F]PTV was metabolically stable, and 80% of the injected dose was detected as the unchanged form in both blood and bile. We applied integration plot analysis to assess tissue uptake clearance (CLuptake, liver and CLuptake, kidney) and canalicular efflux clearance (CLint, bile), and examined the effects of inhibitors on membrane transport. Treatment with rifampicin, an organic anion transporting polypeptide inhibitor, significantly reduced CLuptake, liver and CLuptake, kidney to 44% and 64% of control, respectively. In contrast, Ko143, a breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor, did not affect CLuptake, liver but significantly reduced CLint, bile to 39% of control without change in [18F]PTV blood concentration. In addition, we found decreased CLuptake, liver and increased CLint, bile in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats in response to altered expression levels of transporters. We expect that [18F]PTV can be translated into clinical application, as our synthetic method does not need special apparatus in the radiolabeling system and PET scan with [18F]PTV can quantitatively evaluate transporter activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Nakaoka
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuta Uetake
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kaneko
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochiai
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Satsuki Irie
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshie Suezaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Natsumi Otsuka
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Emi Hayashinaka
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yilong Cui
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 6-7-3 minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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22
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Zou L, Pottel J, Khuri N, Ngo HX, Ni Z, Tsakalozou E, Warren MS, Huang Y, Shoichet BK, Giacomini KM. Interactions of Oral Molecular Excipients with Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, BCRP. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:748-756. [PMID: 31990564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic-understanding-based selection of excipients may improve formulation development strategies for generic drug products and potentially accelerate their approval. Our study aimed at investigating the effects of molecular excipients present in orally administered FDA-approved drug products on the intestinal efflux transporter, BCRP (ABCG2), which plays a critical role in drug absorption with potential implications on drug safety and efficacy. We determined the interactions of 136 oral molecular excipients with BCRP in isolated membrane vesicles and identified 26 excipients as BCRP inhibitors with IC50 values less than 5 μM using 3H-cholecystokinin octapeptide (3H-CCK8). These BCRP inhibitors belonged to three functional categories of excipients: dyes, surfactants, and flavoring agents. Compared with noninhibitors, BCRP inhibitors had significantly higher molecular weights and SLogP values. The inhibitory effects of excipients identified in membrane vesicles were also evaluated in BCRP-overexpressing HEK293 cells at similar concentrations. Only 1 of the 26 inhibitors of BCRP identified in vesicles inhibited BCRP-mediated 3H-oxypurinol uptake by more than 50%, consistent with the notion that BCRP inhibition depends on transmembrane or intracellular availability of the inhibitors. Collectively, the results of this study provide new information on excipient selection during the development of drug products with active pharmaceutical ingredients that are BCRP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joshua Pottel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & QB3 Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Natalia Khuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Mark S Warren
- Optivia Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Yong Huang
- Optivia Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & QB3 Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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23
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Lu C, Di L. In vitro
and
in vivo
methods to assess pharmacokinetic drug– drug interactions in drug discovery and development. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:3-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Lu
- Department of DMPKSanofi Company Waltham MA 02451
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and MetabolismPfizer Worldwide Research & Development Groton CT 06340
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24
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Recent progress in in vivo phenotyping technologies for better prediction of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:76-88. [PMID: 31948854 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical reports on transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (TP-DDIs) have rapidly accumulated and regulatory guidance/guidelines recommend that sponsors consider performing quantitative prediction of TP-DDI risks in the process of drug development. In vitro experiments for characterizing the function of drug transporters have been established and various parameters such as the inhibition constant (Ki) of drugs and the intrinsic uptake/efflux clearance for a certain transporter can be obtained. However, many reports have indicated large discrepancies between the parameters estimated from in vitro experiments and those rationally explaining drug pharmacokinetics. Thus, it is essential to evaluate directly the function of each transporter isoform in vivo in humans. At present, several transporter substrate drugs and endogenous compounds have been recognized as probe substrates for a specific transporter and transporter function was evaluated by monitoring the plasma and urine concentration of those probes; however, few compounds specifically transported via a single transporter isoform have been found. For monitoring the intraorgan concentration of drugs, positron emission tomography can be a powerful tool and clinical examples for quantification of in vivo transporter function have been published. In this review, novel methodologies for in vivo phenotyping of transporter function are summarized.
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25
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Taskar KS, Pilla Reddy V, Burt H, Posada MM, Varma M, Zheng M, Ullah M, Emami Riedmaier A, Umehara KI, Snoeys J, Nakakariya M, Chu X, Beneton M, Chen Y, Huth F, Narayanan R, Mukherjee D, Dixit V, Sugiyama Y, Neuhoff S. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Evaluating Membrane Transporter Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions: Current Capabilities, Case Studies, Future Opportunities, and Recommendations. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 107:1082-1115. [PMID: 31628859 PMCID: PMC7232864 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has been extensively used to quantitatively translate in vitro data and evaluate temporal effects from drug-drug interactions (DDIs), arising due to reversible enzyme and transporter inhibition, irreversible time-dependent inhibition, enzyme induction, and/or suppression. PBPK modeling has now gained reasonable acceptance with the regulatory authorities for the cytochrome-P450-mediated DDIs and is routinely used. However, the application of PBPK for transporter-mediated DDIs (tDDI) in drug development is relatively uncommon. Because the predictive performance of PBPK models for tDDI is not well established, here, we represent and discuss examples of PBPK analyses included in regulatory submission (the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA)) across various tDDIs. The goal of this collaborative effort (involving scientists representing 17 pharmaceutical companies in the Consortium and from academia) is to reflect on the use of current databases and models to address tDDIs. This challenges the common perceptions on applications of PBPK for tDDIs and further delves into the requirements to improve such PBPK predictions. This review provides a reflection on the current trends in PBPK modeling for tDDIs and provides a framework to promote continuous use, verification, and improvement in industrialization of the transporter PBPK modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S Taskar
- GlaxoSmithKline, DMPK, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GSK R&D, Ware, UK
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- AstraZeneca, Modelling and Simulation, Early Oncology DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Howard Burt
- Simcyp-Division, Certara UK Ltd., Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Ming Zheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jan Snoeys
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Yuan Chen
- Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Liang RF, Ge WJ, Song XM, Zhang JP, Cui WF, Zhang SF, Li GS. Involvement of organic anion-transporting polypeptides and organic cation transporter in the hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:479-487. [PMID: 31368836 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1651921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Jatrorrhizine possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the mechanism underlying hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine remains unclear.Rat liver slices, isolated rat hepatocytes and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably expressing human organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) and organic cation transporter (OCT) were used to evaluate the hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine in this study.Uptake of jatrorrhizine in rat liver slices and isolated rat hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by glycyrrhizic acid (Oatp1b2 inhibitor) and prazosin (Oct1 inhibitor), but not by ibuprofen (Oatp1a1 inhibitor) or digoxin (Oatp1a4 inhibitor). Uptake of jatrorrhizine in OATP1B3 and OCT1-HEK293 cells indicated a saturable process with the Km of 8.20 ± 1.28 and 4.94 ± 0.55 μM, respectively. However, the transcellular transport of jatrorrhizine in OATP1B1-HEK293 cells was not observed. Rifampicin (OATP inhibitor) for OATP1B3-HEK293 cells and prazosin for OCT1-HEK293 cells could inhibit the uptake of jatrorrhizine with the IC50 of 5.49 ± 1.05 and 2.77 ± 0.72 μM, respectively.The above data indicate that hepatic uptake of jatrorrhizine is involved in both OATP and OCT, which may have important roles in jatrorrhizine liver disposition and potential drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ge
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xian-Mei Song
- Department of Immunology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - She-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Geng-Sheng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Taniguchi T, Ashizawa N, Matsumoto K, Saito R, Motoki K, Sakai M, Chikamatsu N, Hagihara C, Hashiba M, Iwanaga T. Pharmacological Evaluation of Dotinurad, a Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:162-170. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.259341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Zhang Y, Panfen E, Fancher M, Sinz M, Marathe P, Shen H. Dissecting the Contribution of OATP1B1 to Hepatic Uptake of Statins Using the OATP1B1 Selective Inhibitor Estropipate. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2342-2353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Erika Panfen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Marcus Fancher
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Michael Sinz
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Punit Marathe
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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29
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Bi YA, Costales C, Mathialagan S, West M, Eatemadpour S, Lazzaro S, Tylaska L, Scialis R, Zhang H, Umland J, Kimoto E, Tess DA, Feng B, Tremaine LM, Varma MVS, Rodrigues AD. Quantitative Contribution of Six Major Transporters to the Hepatic Uptake of Drugs: "SLC-Phenotyping" Using Primary Human Hepatocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:72-83. [PMID: 30975793 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic uptake transporters [solute carriers (SLCs)], including organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), and organic anion (OAT2) and organic cation (OCT1) transporters, play a key role in determining the systemic and liver exposure of chemically diverse drugs. Here, we established a phenotyping approach to quantify the contribution of the six SLCs, and passive diffusion, to the overall uptake using plated human hepatocytes (PHHs). First, selective inhibitor conditions were identified by screening about 20 inhibitors across the six SLCs using single-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Data implied rifamycin SV (20 µM) inhibits three OATPs, while rifampicin (5 µM) inhibits OATP1B1/1B3 only. Further, hepatitis B virus myristoylated-preS1 peptide (0.1 µM), quinidine (100 µM), and ketoprofen (100-300 µM) are relatively selective against NTCP, OCT1, and OAT2, respectively. Second, using these inhibitory conditions, the fraction transported (ft ) by the individual SLCs was characterized for 20 substrates with PHH. Generally, extended clearance classification system class 1A/3A (e.g., warfarin) and 1B/3B compounds (e.g., statins) showed predominant OAT2 and OATP1B1/1B3 contribution, respectively. OCT1-mediated uptake was prominent for class 2/4 compounds (e.g., metformin). Third, in vitro ft values were corrected using quantitative proteomics data to obtain "scaled ft " Fourth, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation of the scaled OATP1B1/1B3 ft was assessed, leveraging statin clinical drug-drug interaction data with rifampicin as the perpetrator. Finally, we outlined a novel stepwise strategy to implement phenotypic characterization of SLC-mediated hepatic uptake for new molecular entities and drugs in a drug discovery and development setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Bi
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Chester Costales
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Sumathy Mathialagan
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mark West
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Soraya Eatemadpour
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Sarah Lazzaro
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Laurie Tylaska
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Renato Scialis
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Hui Zhang
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - John Umland
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Emi Kimoto
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - David A Tess
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Bo Feng
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Larry M Tremaine
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
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30
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Yang C, Liu Q, Li G, Meng X, Liu B. Effect of P-glycoprotein regulation on cadmium exhaustion from Crassostrea gigas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:307-312. [PMID: 30955738 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a molecular pump, responsible for extruding xenobiotics. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in cadmium (Cd) exhaustion. The activity of P-gp was regulated in Crassostrea gigas, which was previously exposed to Cd by using rifampicin (inducer) and verapamil (inhibitor), respectively. Comparing with Crassostrea gigas depurated in natural seawater, Cd content increased significantly from 14.28 mg/kg dw to 17.49 mg/kg dw accompanied by a changed metallothionein level from 9.84 μg/g fw to 10.67 μg/g fw after 25 μg/L verapamil treatment, while Cd content after 25 μg/L rifampicin treatment reduced to 12.21 mg/kg dw. Moreover, after treatment with rifampicin and verapamil, beneficial metal elements, fats, and proteins were maintained, and the tissue-dependent difference was found in the variation of antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage in Crassostrea gigas. In brief, the study provided new evidence on possibility of Cd removal by inducing P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingkang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangzhen Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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31
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Matin B, Sherbini AA, Alam N, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ. Resveratrol glucuronidation in vitro: potential implications of inhibition by probenecid. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:371-378. [PMID: 30417385 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant with therapeutic potential in prevention and treatment of neoplastic disease and other human disorders. However, net clearance of resveratrol in humans is very high, mainly due to glucuronide conjugation. This leads to extensive presystemic extraction and low plasma concentrations after oral dosage. The present study evaluated the effect of probenecid, an inhibitor of glucuronide conjugation, on resveratrol metabolism in vitro. METHODS Biotransformation of resveratrol to its 3-O-glucuronide and 4'-O-glucuronide conjugates was studied in vitro using human liver microsomal preparations. The mechanism and inhibitory potency of probenecid were evaluated based on a mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition model. KEY FINDINGS Probenecid inhibition of resveratrol 3-O-glucuronidation was predominantly noncompetitive, with an inhibition constant (Ki ) averaging 3.1 mm. CONCLUSIONS The ratio of in vivo maximum concentration of probenecid [I] during usual clinical use to the in vitro Ki value ([I]/Ki ) exceeds the boundary value of 0.1, used by regulatory agencies to identify the possibility of clinical drug interactions. This finding, together with the known property of probenecid as an inhibitor of glucuronide conjugation in humans, suggests that probenecid could serve as a pharmacokinetic boosting agent to enhance systemic exposure to resveratrol in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Matin
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmad A Sherbini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Novera Alam
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerold S Harmatz
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Greenblatt
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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