1
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Zhang D, Ma B, Dragovich PS, Ma L, Chen S, Chen EC, Ye X, Liu J, Pizzano J, Bortolon E, Chan E, Zhang X, Chen YC, Levy ES, Yauch RL, Khojasteh SC, Hop CECA. Tissue distribution and retention drives efficacy of rapidly clearing VHL-based PROTACs. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:87. [PMID: 38755248 PMCID: PMC11099041 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are being developed for therapeutic use. However, they have poor pharmacokinetic profiles and their tissue distribution kinetics are not known. METHODS A typical von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL)-PROTAC 14C-A947 (BRM degrader)-was synthesized and its tissue distribution kinetics was studied by quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) and tissue excision in rats following IV dosing. Bile duct-cannulated (BDC) rats allowed the elucidation of in vivo clearance pathways. Distribution kinetics was evaluated in the tissues and tumors of mice to support PK-PD correlation. In vitro studies enabled the evaluation of cell uptake mechanisms and cell retention properties. RESULTS Here, we show that A947 quickly distributes into rat tissues after IV dosing, where it accumulates and is retained in tissues such as the lung and liver although it undergoes fast clearance from circulation. Similar uptake/retention kinetics enable tumor growth inhibition over 2-3 weeks in a lung cancer model. A947 quickly excretes in the bile of rats. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters are involved in hepatocyte uptake of PROTACs. Sustained BRM protein degradation is seen after extensive washout that supports prolonged cell retention of A947 in NCI-H1944 cells. A947 tissue exposure and pharmacodynamics are inversely correlated in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma sampling for VHL-PROTAC does not represent the tissue concentrations necessary for efficacy. Understanding of tissue uptake and retention could enable less frequent IV administration to be used for therapeutic dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Bin Ma
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Li Ma
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shu Chen
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Eugene C Chen
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaofen Ye
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joyce Liu
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jennifer Pizzano
- Arvinas; 5 Science Park, 395 Winchester Ave, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Emily Chan
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Robert L Yauch
- Genentech; 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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Huang H, Zhao Y, Huang C, Lv N, Zhao J, Sun S, Guo C, Zhao D, Chen X, Zhang Y. Unraveling a Combined Inactivation Mechanism of Cytochrome P450s by Genipin, the Major Reactive Aglycone Derived from Gardeniae Fructus. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1483-1494. [PMID: 37622730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Genipin (GP) is the reactive aglycone of geniposide, the main component of traditional Chinese medicine Gardeniae Fructus (GF). The covalent binding of GP to cellular proteins is suspected to be responsible for GF-induced hepatotoxicity and inhibits drug-metabolizing enzyme activity, although the mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, the mechanisms of GP-induced human hepatic P450 inactivation were systemically investigated. Results showed that GP inhibited all tested P450 isoforms via distinct mechanisms. CYP2C19 was directly and irreversibly inactivated without time dependency. CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 T (testosterone as substrate) showed time-dependent and mixed-type inactivation, while CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4 M (midazolam as substrate) showed time-dependent and irreversible inactivation. For CYP3A4 inactivation, the kinact/KI values in the presence or absence of NADPH were 0.26 or 0.16 min-1 mM-1 for the M site and 0.62 or 0.27 min-1 mM-1 for the T site. Ketoconazole and glutathione (GSH) both attenuated CYP3A4 inactivation, suggesting an active site occupation- and reactive metabolite-mediated inactivation mechanism. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo formation of a P450-dependent GP-S-GSH conjugate indicated the involvement of metabolic activation and thiol residues binding in GP-induced enzyme inactivation. Lastly, molecular docking analysis simulated potential binding sites and modes of GP association with CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. We propose that direct covalent binding and metabolic activation mediate GP-induced P450 inactivation and alert readers to potential risk factors for GP-related clinical drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Animal Experimental Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shanliang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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3
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Chen M, Yang Y, Ying Y, Huang J, Sun M, Hong M, Wang H, Xie S, Chen D. ABC Transporters and CYP3A4 Mediate Drug Interactions between Enrofloxacin and Salinomycin Leading to Increased Risk of Drug Residues and Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020403. [PMID: 36830313 PMCID: PMC9952136 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) is one of the most common drugs used in poultry production to treat bacterial diseases, and there is a high risk of drug interactions (DDIs) between polyether anticoccidial drugs added to poultry feed over time. This may affect the efficacy of antibiotics or lead to toxicity, posing a potential risk to the environment and food safety. This study aimed to investigate the DDI of ENR and salinomycin (SAL) in broilers and the mechanism of their DDI. We found that SAL increased the area under the curve and elimination half-life of ENR and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by 1.3 and 2.4 times, 1.2 and 2.5 times, respectively. Cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4), p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were important factors for the DDI between ENR and SAL in broilers. ENR and SAL are substrates of CYP3A4, P-gp and BCRP in broilers; ENR and SAL inhibited the expression of CYP3A4 activity in a time- and concentration-dependent. Meanwhile, ENR downregulated the expression of P-gp and BCRP in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. A single oral administration of SAL inhibited CYP3A4, P-gp, and BCRP, but long-term mixed feeding upregulated the expression of CYP3A4, P-gp, and BCRP. Molecular docking revealed that ENR and SAL compete with each other for CYP3A4 to affect hepatic metabolism, and compete with ATP for P-gp and BCRP binding sites to inhibit efflux. ENR and SAL in broilers can lead to severe DDI. Drug residues and resistance following co-administration of ENR and SAL and other SAL-based drug-feed interactions warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Ying
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mian Hong
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.C.); Tel.: +86-027-8728-7323 (D.C.)
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (S.X.); (D.C.); Tel.: +86-027-8728-7323 (D.C.)
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Zhou J, Qian X, Zhou Y, Xiong S, Ji S, Wang Y, Zhao P. Human liver microsomes study on the inhibitory effect of plantainoside D on the activity of cytochrome P450 activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:197. [PMID: 35870998 PMCID: PMC9308932 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plantainoside D is widely existed in the herbs and possesses various pharmacological activities, making it possible to co-administrate with other herbs. Its effect on cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450) is a risk factor for inducing adverse drug-drug interactions. To assess the effect of plantainoside D on the activity of major P450 isoenzymes in human liver microsomes. METHODS The Cocktail method was conducted in human liver microsomes in the presence of probe substrates. The activity of P450 isoenzymes was evaluated by the production of corresponding metabolites. The concentration-dependent and time-dependent inhibition assays were performed in the presence of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM plantainoside D to characterize the inhibitory effect of plantainoside D. RESULTS Significant inhibition was observed in the activity of CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A, which was concentration-dependent with the IC50 values of 12.83, 8.39, and 14.66 μM, respectively. The non-competitive manner and competitive manner were observed in the CYP3A inhibition (Ki = 7.16 μM) and CYP1A2 (Ki = 6.26 μM) and 2D6 inhibition (Ki = 4.54 μM), respectively. Additionally, the inhibition of CYP3A was found to be time-dependent with the KI of 1.28 μM-1 and Kinact of 0.039 min-1. CONCLUSIONS Weak inhibitory effects of plantainoside D on the activity of CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A were revealed in vitro, implying its potential of inducing interactions with CYP1A2-, 2D6-, and 3A-metabolized drugs. Although further in vivo validations are needed, the feasibility of the Cocktail method in evaluating P450 activity has been verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Xian Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Shili Xiong
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, No.121 Luoxi Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Shuxia Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ping Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, No.121 Luoxi Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201908, China.
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5
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Nontakham J, Siripong P, Sato H, Chewchinda S, Arunrungvichian K, Yahuafai J, Goli AS, Sato VH. Inhibitory effects of Triphala on CYP isoforms in vitro and its pharmacokinetic interactions with phenacetin and midazolam in rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09764. [PMID: 35785236 PMCID: PMC9243172 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Direct evidence of Triphala-drug interactions has not been provided to date. Objective This study was aimed to determine the effects of Triphala on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro, and to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions of Triphala with CYP-probes in rats. Materials and methods Effects of Triphala on the activities of CYP isoforms and P-gp were examined using human liver microsomes (HLMs) and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Pharmacokinetic interactions between Triphala and CYP-probes (i.e., phenacetin and midazolam) were further examined in rats. Results Triphala extract inhibited the activities of CYP isoforms in the order of CYP1A2>3A4>2C9>2D6 with the IC50 values of 23.6 ± 9.2, 28.1 ± 9.8, 30.41 ± 16.7 and 93.9 ± 27.5 μg/mL, respectively in HLMs. It exhibited a non-competitive inhibition of CYP1A2 and 2C9 with the Ki values of 23.6 and 30.4 μg/mL, respectively, while its inhibition on CYP3A4 was competitive manner with the Ki values of 64.9 μg/mL. The inhibitory effects of Triphala on CYP1A2 and 3A4 were not time-dependent. Moreover, Triphala did not affect the P-gp activity in Caco-2 cells. Triphala, after its oral co-administration at 500 mg/kg, increased the bioavailabilities of phenacetin and midazolam by about 61.2% and 40.7%, respectively, in rats. Discussion and conclusions Increases observed in the bioavailabilities of phenacetin and midazolam after oral co-administration of Triphala in rats provided a direct line of evidence to show Triphala-drug interactions via inhibition of CYP1A and CYP3A activities, respectively. These results, together with the lack of time-dependency of CYP 1A2 and 3A4 inhibition in vitro, suggested that the inhibitory effect of Triphala is primarily reversible.
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6
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Zhang F, Liu W, Huang J, Chen QL, Wang DD, Zou LW, Zhao YF, Zhang WD, Xu JG, Chen HZ, Ge GB. Inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by Jingyin granules: implications of herb-drug interactions in antiviral therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1072-1081. [PMID: 34183756 PMCID: PMC8237038 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jingyin granules, a marketed antiviral herbal medicine, have been recommended for treating H1N1 influenza A virus infection and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. To fight viral diseases in a more efficient way, Jingyin granules are frequently co-administered in clinical settings with a variety of therapeutic agents, including antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and other Western medicines. However, it is unclear whether Jingyin granules modulate the pharmacokinetics of Western drugs or trigger clinically significant herb-drug interactions. This study aims to assess the inhibitory potency of the herbal extract of Jingyin granules (HEJG) against human drug-metabolizing enzymes and to clarify whether HEJG can modulate the pharmacokinetic profiles of Western drug(s) in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated that HEJG dose-dependently inhibited human CES1A, CES2A, CYPs1A, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2D6, and 2E1; this herbal medicine also time- and NADPH-dependently inhibited human CYP2C19 and CYP3A. In vivo tests showed that HEJG significantly increased the plasma exposure of lopinavir (a CYP3A-substrate drug) by 2.43-fold and strongly prolonged its half-life by 1.91-fold when HEJG (3 g/kg) was co-administered with lopinavir to rats. Further investigation revealed licochalcone A, licochalcone B, licochalcone C and echinatin in Radix Glycyrrhizae, as well as quercetin and kaempferol in Folium Llicis Purpureae, to be time-dependent CYP3A inhibitors. Collectively, our findings reveal that HEJG modulates the pharmacokinetics of CYP substrate-drug(s) by inactivating CYP3A, providing key information for both clinicians and patients to use herb-drug combinations for antiviral therapy in a scientific and reasonable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian Huang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qi-long Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- SPH Xing Ling Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201703 China
| | - Li-wei Zou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yong-fang Zhao
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Jian-guang Xu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hong-zhuan Chen
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Guang-bo Ge
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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7
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Tu D, Ning J, Zou L, Wang P, Zhang Y, Tian X, Zhang F, Zheng J, Ge G. Unique Oxidative Metabolism of Bufalin Generates Two Reactive Metabolites That Strongly Inactivate Human Cytochrome P450 3A. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4018-4029. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Tu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Integrative Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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8
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Li C, Menon R, Walles M, Singh R, Upreti VV, Brackman D, Lee AJ, Endres CJ, Kumar S, Zhang D, Barletta F, Suri A, Haninzl D, Liao KH, Lalovic B, Beaumont M, Zuo P, Mayer AP, Wei D. Risk-Based Pharmacokinetic and Drug-Drug Interaction Characterization of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Oncology Clinical Development: An International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 112:754-769. [PMID: 34657311 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a rapidly evolving area of drug development and hold significant promise. To date, nine ADCs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These conjugates combine the target specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the anticancer activity of small-molecule therapeutics (also referred to as payload). Due to the complex structure, three analytes, namely ADC conjugate, total antibody, and unconjugated payload, are typically quantified during drug development; however, the benefits of measuring all three analytes at later stages of clinical development are not clear. The cytotoxic payloads, upon release from the ADC, are considered to behave like small molecules. Given the relatively high potency and low systemic exposure of cytotoxic payloads, drug-drug interaction (DDI) considerations for ADCs might be different from traditional small molecule therapeutics. The International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ Consortium) convened an ADC working group to create an IQ ADC database that includes 26 ADCs with six unique payloads. The analysis of the ADC data in the IQ database, as well as nine approved ADCs, supports the strategy of pharmacokinetic characterization of all three analytes in early-phase development and progressively minimizing the number of analytes to be measured in the late-phase studies. The systemic concentrations of unconjugated payload are usually too low to serve as a DDI perpetrator; however, the potential for unconjugated payloads as a victim still exists. A data-driven and risk-based decision tree was developed to guide the assessment of a circulating payload as a victim of DDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunze Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajeev Menon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Markus Walles
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renu Singh
- Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vijay V Upreti
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, AMGEN, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deanna Brackman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony J Lee
- Quantitative Pharmacology and Disposition, Seagen Inc., Bothell, Washington, USA
| | | | - Seema Kumar
- Emmanuel Merck, Darmstadt Serono Research and Development Institute (A business of Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frank Barletta
- Pre-Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA.,Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Ajit Suri
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominik Haninzl
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachuetts, USA
| | - Kai H Liao
- Clinical Pharmacology, Arcus Biosciences, Hayward, California, USA.,Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bojan Lalovic
- Modeling & Simulation Clinical Pharmacology Sciences, Eisai Inc., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Peiying Zuo
- Quantitative Pharmacology, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachuetts, USA.,Pharmacometrics US, Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Mayer
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, MPM NewCo., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Han F, Liu J, Xu Q. Efficient Construction of 5H-1,4-Benzodiazepine Derivatives by a Catalyst-Free Direct Aerobic Oxidative Annulation Strategy. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2866-2871. [PMID: 34057822 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free direct aerobic oxidative annulation reaction of 2-aminobenzylic amines and α-hydroxy ketones efficiently afforded versatile 5H-1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives by employing air as economic and green oxidant under mild conditions. Interestingly, solvent was found to be crucial to the reaction, so that by using acetic acid as the best solvent an efficient and practical method could be achieved, requiring no catalysts or additives at all. This method tolerates a wide range of 2-aminobenzylic amines and α-hydroxy ketones and could be scaled up to multigram synthesis and directly applied in one-step synthesis of the pharmaceutically active N-desmethylmedazepam derivatives, revealing the potential of this new method in the synthesis of 5H-1,4-benzodiazepine skeleton-based pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
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