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Wiśniewski K, Sueiras-Diaz J, Jiang G, Galyean R, Lu M, Thompson D, Wang YC, Croston G, Posch A, Hargrove DM, Wiśniewska H, Laporte R, Dwyer JJ, Qi S, Srinivasan K, Hartwig J, Ferdyan N, Mares M, Kraus J, Alagarsamy S, Rivière PJM, Schteingart CD. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel Glucagon-like Peptide-2 (GLP-2) Analogues with Low Systemic Clearance. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3129-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazimierz Wiśniewski
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Javier Sueiras-Diaz
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Guangcheng Jiang
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Galyean
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark Lu
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dorain Thompson
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Glenn Croston
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexander Posch
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Diane M. Hargrove
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Halina Wiśniewska
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Régent Laporte
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John J. Dwyer
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Steve Qi
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Karthik Srinivasan
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer Hartwig
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicky Ferdyan
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Monica Mares
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Kraus
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sudarkodi Alagarsamy
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pierre J. M. Rivière
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Claudio D. Schteingart
- Ferring
Research Institute Inc., 4245 Sorrento
Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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von Bergen TN, Blount MA. Chronic use of chloroquine disrupts the urine concentration mechanism by lowering cAMP levels in the inner medulla. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F900-5. [PMID: 22791344 PMCID: PMC3468520 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00547.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine, a widely used anti-malaria drug, has gained popularity for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unfortunately, chloroquine may also negatively impact renal function for patients whose fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is already compromised by diseases. Chronic administration of chloroquine also results in polyuria, which may be explained by suppression of the antidiuretic response of vasopressin. Several of the transporters responsible for concentrating urine are vasopressin-sensitive including the urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-A3, the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2), and the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC2). To examine the effect of chloroquine on these transporters, Sprague-Dawley rats received daily subcutaneous injections of 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) of chloroquine for 4 days. Twenty-four hour urine output was twofold higher, and urine osmolality was decreased by twofold in chloroquine-treated rats compared with controls. Urine analysis of treated rats detected the presence chloroquine as well as decreased urine urea and cAMP levels compared with control rats. Western blot analysis showed a downregulation of AQP2 and NKCC2 transporters; however, UT-A1 and UT-A3 abundances were unaffected by chloroquine treatment. Immunohistochemistry showed a marked reduction of UT-A1 and AQP2 in the apical membrane in inner medullary collecting ducts of chloroquine-treated rats. In conclusion, chloroquine-induced polyuria likely occurs as a result of lowered cAMP production. These findings suggest that chronic chloroquine treatment would exacerbate the already compromised fluid homeostasis observed in diseases like chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias N von Bergen
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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