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Han X, Yang ZF, Zhao TY, Lu GY, Wang ZY, Wu N, Li J, Li F. Regulation of I1-imidazoline receptors on the sedation effect of dexmedetomidine in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5927-5937. [PMID: 38363351 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has been used as a sedative drug in the clinic for a long time. Many studies demonstrated that the sedative mechanism of dexmedetomidine might be related to the activation of α2-adrenoceptor (α2AR). In addition, it was reported that dexmedetomidine had some affinity for the I1-imidazoline receptor (I1R); however, the role of I1R in dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects and its possible mechanism are poorly studied. In the present study, we found that agmatine, an I1R agonist, was able to enhance the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine in mice. Efaroxan, an α2AR and I1R antagonist, could prevent and rescue the sedative action of dexmedetomidine in mice, and its preventive effect was better than atipamezole, the specific α2AR antagonist. Knockout of imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS), the functional I1R candidate protein, suppressed the dexmedetomidine-induced sedation. Moreover, IRAS knockout led to the inhibition of agmatine and efaroxan in regulating dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effects in mice, but not of atipamezole. We then used CHO cell lines that stably expressed α2AR and IRAS to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of IRAS in regulating the dexmedetomidine-induced sedative effect. The results showed that IRAS expression significantly up-regulated dexmedetomidine-induced ERK phosphorylation, which was enhanced by agmatine and inhibited by efaroxan at low concentrations. Therefore, by taking advantage of pharmacological and genetic approaches, our finding revealed the evidence that IRAS plays an important role in the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, and the ERK signal pathway may be involved in the mechanism of IRAS in regulating dexmedetomidine-induced sedation. This study may offer valuable insights for the advancement of novel anesthetic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tai-Yun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guan-Yi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Zheng P, Pan C, Zhou C, Liu B, Wang L, Duan S, Ding Y. Contribution of Nischarin/IRAS in CNS development, injury and diseases. J Adv Res 2023; 54:43-57. [PMID: 36716956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine Nischarin and its human homolog IRAS are scaffold proteins highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Nischarin was initially discovered as a tumor suppressor protein, and recent studies have also explored its potential value in the CNS. Research on IRAS has largely focused on its effect on opioid dependence. Although the role of Nischarin/IRAS in the physiological function and pathological process of the CNS has gradually attracted attention and the related research results are expected to be applied in clinical practice, there is no systematic review of the role and mechanisms of Nischarin/IRAS in the CNS so far. AIM OF REVIEW This review will systematically analyze the role and mechanism of Nischarin/IRAS in the CNS, and provide necessary references and possible targets for the treatment of neurological diseases, thereby broadening the direction of Nischarin/IRAS research and facilitating clinical translation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The pathophysiological processes affected by dysregulation of Nischarin/IRAS expression in the CNS are mainly introduced, including spinal cord injury (SCI), opioid dependence, anxiety, depression, and autism. The molecular mechanisms such as factors regulating Nischarin/IRAS expression and signal transduction pathways regulated by Nischarin/IRAS are systematically summarized. Finally, the clinical application of Nischarin/IRAS has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenshu Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chuntao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Yuemin Ding
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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Arnoux A, Aubertin G, Da Silva S, Weiss M, Bousquet P, Monassier L, Niederhoffer N. Nischarin Is Not the Functional I1 Imidazoline Receptor Involved in Blood Pressure Regulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:229-234. [PMID: 35485584 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Imidazoline receptor antisera selected/Nischarin was proposed several years ago as the functional entity for the I1 medullary receptors (I1Rs) targeted, together with α2-adrenoceptors, by the centrally acting antihypertensive drugs, such as clonidine. The objective of this study was to test this assumption using a pyrroline analog of clonidine, LNP599, which, unlike clonidine and related compounds, displays high selectivity toward I1Rs. Cardiovascular effects of LNP599 (3 mg/kg intravenous) were evaluated in anesthetized, artificially ventilated nischarin mutant rats expressing a truncated form of nischarin lacking the putative imidazoline binding site. LNP599 induced a rapid and pronounced fall in arterial blood pressure in wild-type animals (-42.7% ± 11.0% after 15 minutes), associated with a ≈30% heart rate reduction. Similar effects were obtained in homozygous and heterozygous nischarin mutant rats. The observation that the hypotensive response to I1R activation is not affected by the absence of the putative imidazoline binding site on nischarin strongly suggests that nischarin cannot be regarded as the functional I1R. Carbohydrate regulation was improved in nischarin mutant rats, further supporting the conclusion that nischarin and I1R are 2 distinct molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Arnoux
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie NeuroCardiovasculaire-UR7296, CRBS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, France
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Okpechi SC, Yousefi H, Nguyen K, Cheng T, Alahari NV, Collins-Burow B, Burow ME, Alahari SK. Role of Nischarin in the pathology of diseases: a special emphasis on breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:1079-1086. [PMID: 35064214 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nischarin has been demonstrated to have tumor suppressor functions. In this review, we comprehensively discuss up to date information about Nischarin. In addition, this paper aims to report the prognostic value, clinical relevance, and biological significance of the Nischarin gene (NISCH) in breast cancer (BCa) patients using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We evaluated NISCH gene expression and its correlation to patient survival, baseline expression, and expression variation based on age groups, tumor stage, tumor size, tumor grade, and lymph node status in different subtypes of BCa. Since NISCH has been extensively reported to inhibit EMT and cancer cell migration, we also checked for the correlation between NISCH and EMT genes in addition to the correlation between NISCH and cell migration genes. Our results indicate that NISCH is a tumor suppressor that plays a critical role in BCa initiation, progression, and tumor development. We find that there is a higher level of NISCH expression in normal breast tissues compared to breast cancer tissues. Also, aggressive subtypes of breast cancers, such as the triple negative/basal category, have decreased levels of NISCH as the disease progresses. Finally, we report that NISCH is inversely correlated with many EMT and cancer cell migration genes in BCa. Interestingly, we identified a significant negative correlation between NISCH expression and its methylation in breast cancer patients. Overall, the goal of this report is to establish a strong clinical basis for further investigation into the cellular, molecular, and physiological roles of NISCH in BCa. Ultimately, NISCH gene expression might be clinically harnessed as a biomarker or predictor of invasiveness and metastasis in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas Cheng
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Bridgette Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Nagakura Y, Ide R, Saiki C, Sato Hashizume N, Imai T. Expression of nischarin, an imidazoline 1 receptor candidate protein, in the ventrolateral medulla of newborn rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136113. [PMID: 34265418 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation of imidazoline 1 (I1) receptors is suggested to stimulate the respiratory drive in newborn rats. Here, we immunohistochemically examined whether nischarin, an I1 receptor candidate protein, is expressed in the ventrolateral medulla, where cardiorespiratory centers are located. Newborn rats (age, 3-5 days) were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane; the brainstem was dissected, sectioned sagittally, and labeled with nischarin. Nischarin-associated signals were observed broadly throughout the newborn rat brainstem, including at motor nuclei (motor trigeminal nucleus and facial nucleus), sensory nuclei (lateral superior olive, medial and spinal vestibular nuclei, cuneate nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and solitary nucleus), and the rostral and caudal ventrolateral medullar regions. In particular, the rostral ventrolateral medulla included a layer of aggregated nischarin expression along the ventral surface, and the layer was in close contact with GFAP-positive processes. In addition, some Phox2b-positive neurons were positive for nischarin in the region. Our results reveal nischarin expression in the newborn rat brainstem and suggest that I1 receptor activation at the level of the ventrolateral medulla contributes to central chemoreception and respiratory control in newborn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nagakura
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ide
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Chikako Saiki
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Nana Sato Hashizume
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Toshio Imai
- Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
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Cai YJ, Ma B, Wang ML, Chen J, Zhao FG, Zhou JD, Guo X, Zheng L, Xu CJ, Wang Y, He YB, Liu J, Xie SN. Impact of Nischarin on EMT regulators in breast cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:291. [PMID: 33101485 PMCID: PMC7576990 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nischarin is an integrin-binding protein, which is well known as a novel tumor suppressor. In breast cancer, Nischarin serves a critical role in breast cancer cell migration and invasion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of Nischarin remains unclear. Recent findings have demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) increases the capacity of cell migration and invasion. As a member of the integrin family, it was hypothesized that Nischarin may regulate cellular processes via various signaling pathways associated with the EMT process. The present study detected the mRNA levels of EMT regulators via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and related protein levels via western blotting in breast cancer cells, following NISCH-overexpression and -knockdown. The results demonstrated that Nischarin inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, when the NISCH gene was overexpressed, the relative mRNA level of E-cadherin was increased, while the relative mRNA levels of several transcription factors, such as Snail, ZEB1, N-cadherin, Slug, Twist1 and vimentin, decreased. When NISCH was silenced, these results were reversed. The present results demonstrated that Nischarin suppresses cell migration and invasion via inhibiting the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Li Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Guang Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Di Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Jing Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bo He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang University Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Nao Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang University Affiliated Hangzhou First People Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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Bousquet P, Hudson A, García-Sevilla JA, Li JX. Imidazoline Receptor System: The Past, the Present, and the Future. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:50-79. [PMID: 31819014 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.016311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazoline receptors historically referred to a family of nonadrenergic binding sites that recognize compounds with an imidazoline moiety, although this has proven to be an oversimplification. For example, none of the proposed endogenous ligands for imidazoline receptors contain an imidazoline moiety but they are diverse in their chemical structure. Three receptor subtypes (I1, I2, and I3) have been proposed and the understanding of each has seen differing progress over the decades. I1 receptors partially mediate the central hypotensive effects of clonidine-like drugs. Moxonidine and rilmenidine have better therapeutic profiles (fewer side effects) than clonidine as antihypertensive drugs, thought to be due to their higher I1/α 2-adrenoceptor selectivity. Newer I1 receptor agonists such as LNP599 [3-chloro-2-methyl-phenyl)-(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-2-yl)-amine hydrochloride] have little to no activity on α 2-adrenoceptors and demonstrate promising therapeutic potential for hypertension and metabolic syndrome. I2 receptors associate with several distinct proteins, but the identities of these proteins remain elusive. I2 receptor agonists have demonstrated various centrally mediated effects including antinociception and neuroprotection. A new I2 receptor agonist, CR4056 [2-phenyl-6-(1H-imidazol-1yl) quinazoline], demonstrated clear analgesic activity in a recently completed phase II clinical trial and holds great promise as a novel I2 receptor-based first-in-class nonopioid analgesic. The understanding of I3 receptors is relatively limited. Existing data suggest that I3 receptors may represent a binding site at the Kir6.2-subtype ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells and may be involved in insulin secretion. Despite the elusive nature of their molecular identities, recent progress on drug discovery targeting imidazoline receptors (I1 and I2) demonstrates the exciting potential of these compounds to elicit neuroprotection and to treat various disorders such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bousquet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Alan Hudson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (P.B.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (A.H.); Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, University Research Institute on Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Malllorca, Spain (J.A.G.-S.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York (J.-X.L.)
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Cobos-Puc L, Aguayo-Morales H. Cardiovascular Effects Mediated by Imidazoline Drugs: An Update. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:95-108. [PMID: 29962350 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180629170336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive drug. Hypotensive effect of clonidine is mediated mainly by central α2-adrenoceptors and/or imidazoline receptors located in a complex network of the brainstem. Unfortunately, clonidine produces side effects such as sedation, mouth dry, and depression. Moxonidine and rilmenidine, compounds of the second generation of imidazoline drugs, with fewer side effects, display a higher affinity for the imidazoline receptors compared with α2-adrenoceptors. The antihypertensive action of these drugs is due to inhibition of the sympathetic outflow primarily through central I1-imidazoline receptors in the RVLM, although others anatomical sites and mechanisms/receptors are involved. Agmatine is regarded as the endogenous ligand for imidazoline receptors. This amine modulates the cardiovascular function. Indeed, when administered in the RVLM mimics the hypotension of clonidine. RESULTS Recent findings have shown that imidazoline drugs also exert biological response directly on the cardiovascular tissues, which can contribute to their antihypertensive response. Currently, new imidazoline receptors ligands are in development. CONCLUSION In the present review, we provide a brief update on the cardiovascular effects of clonidine, moxonidine, rilmenidine, and the novel imidazoline agents since representing an important therapeutic target for some cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cobos-Puc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
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Srdic-Rajic T, Nikolic K, Cavic M, Djokic I, Gemovic B, Perovic V, Veljkovic N. Rilmenidine suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in human leukemic K562 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 81:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Maziveyi M, Alahari SK. Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressors: A Special Emphasis on Novel Protein Nischarin. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4252-9. [PMID: 26392073 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes regulate cell growth and prevent spontaneous proliferation that could lead to aberrant tissue function. Deletions and mutations of these genes typically lead to progression through the cell-cycle checkpoints, as well as increased cell migration. Studies of these proteins are important as they may provide potential treatments for breast cancers. In this review, we discuss a comprehensive overview on Nischarin, a novel protein discovered by our laboratory. Nischarin, or imidazoline receptor antisera-selected protein, is a protein involved in a vast number of cellular processes, including neuronal protection and hypotension. The NISCH promoter experiences hypermethylation in several cancers, whereas some highly aggressive breast cancer cells exhibit genomic loss of the NISCH locus. Furthermore, we discuss data illustrating a novel role of Nischarin as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Analysis of this new paradigm may shed light on various clinical questions. Finally, the therapeutic potential of Nischarin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazvita Maziveyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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Keller B, García-Sevilla JA. Immunodetection and subcellular distribution of imidazoline receptor proteins with three antibodies in mouse and human brains: Effects of treatments with I1- and I2-imidazoline drugs. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:996-1012. [PMID: 26038110 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115586936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Various imidazoline receptor (IR) proteins have been proposed to mediate the effects of selective I1- and I2-IR drugs. However, the association of these IR-binding proteins with classic I1- and I2-radioligand binding sites remains somewhat controversial. In this study, three IR antibodies (anti-NISCH and anti-nischarin for I1-IRs; and anti-IRBP for I1/I2-IRs) were used to immunodetect, characterize and compare IR protein patterns in brain (mouse and human; total homogenate, subcellular fractionation, grey and white matter) and some cell systems (neurones, astrocytes, human platelets). Various immunoreactive IRs (specific molecular weight bands coincidently detected with the different antibodies) were related to I1-IR (167 kDa, 105/115 kDa and 85 kDa proteins) or I2-IR (66 kDa, 45 kDa and 30 kDa proteins) types. The biochemical characterization of cortical 167 kDa protein, localized in the membrane/cytosol but not in the nucleus, indicated that this I1-IR also forms part of higher order nischarin-related complexes. The contents of I1-IR (167 kDa, 105/115 kDa, and 85 kDa) proteins in mouse brain cortex were upregulated by treatment with I1-drugs (moxonidine, efaroxan) but not with I2-drugs (BU-224, LSL 61122). Conversely, the contents of I2-IR (66 kDa, 45 kDa and 30 kDa) proteins in mouse brain cortex were modulated by treatment with I2-drugs (decreases after BU-224 and LSL 61122, and increases after idazoxan) but not with I1-drugs (with the exception of moxonidine). These findings further indicate that brain immunoreactive IR proteins exist in multiple forms that can be grouped in the already known I1- and I2-IR types, which are expressed both in neurones and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Sorota S. The sympathetic nervous system as a target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:466-76. [PMID: 24805148 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of blood pressure by the sympathetic nervous system is reviewed with an emphasis on the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development and maintenance of hypertension. Evidence from patients and animal models is summarized. Because it is clear that there is a neural contribution to many types of human hypertension and other cardiometabolic diseases, the case is presented for a renewed emphasis on the development of sympatholytic approaches for the treatment of hypertension and other conditions associated with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sorota
- Cardiorenal Department, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ
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13
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An “I” on Cardiac Hypertrophic Remodelling: Imidazoline Receptors and Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2012; 28:590-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Li F, Wu N, Su R, Chen Y, Lu X, Liu Y, Li J. Imidazoline receptor antisera-selected/Nischarin regulates the effect of agmatine on the development of morphine dependence. Addict Biol 2012; 17:392-408. [PMID: 21967557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous ligand for imidazoline receptor, has been shown to prevent opioid dependence, but not much is known about the mechanisms of the effect of agmatine. In the present study, we investigated the function of I1 imidazoline receptor and its candidate protein imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS)/Nischarin in morphine dependence as well as in the effect of agmatine inhibiting morphine dependence by pharmacological and molecular approaches. Results showed that inhibition of IRAS or Nischarin did not change the development of morphine dependence in vitro and in vivo under the basal condition. Agmatine could reduce the cyclic 3', 5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) overshoot at the concentration of 0.01-10 µM in the primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons and attenuated the withdrawal signals and the elevation of FosB and ΔFosB at the dose of 5 mg/kg in the morphine-dependent mice. The effect of agmatine was inhibited by efaroxan (I1 imidazoline receptor non-specific antagonist) and the RNA interference against IRAS or Nischarin. These findings indicate that I1 imidazoline receptor or IRAS/Nischarin mediates the effect of agmatine on morphine dependence and provide evidence that I1 imidazoline receptor may be a new target for treating morphine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
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15
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Nikolic K, Agbaba D. Imidazoline antihypertensive drugs: selective i(1) -imidazoline receptors activation. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 30:209-16. [PMID: 21884004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of imidazoline receptors (IR) in the regulation of vasomotor tone as well as in the mechanism of action of some centrally acting antihypertensives has received tremendous attention. To date, pharmacological studies have allowed the characterization of three main imidazoline receptor classes, the I(1) -imidazoline receptor which is involved in central inhibition of sympathetic tone to lower blood pressure, the I(2) -imidazoline receptor which is an allosteric binding site of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), and the I(3) -imidazoline receptor which regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. All three imidazoline receptors represent important targets for cardiovascular research. The hypotensive effect of clonidine-like centrally acting antihypertensives was attributed both to α(2) -adrenergic receptors and nonadrenergic I(1) -imidazoline receptors, whereas their sedative action involves activation of only α(2) -adrenergic receptors located in the locus coeruleus. Since more selective I(1) -imidazoline receptors ligands reduced incidence of typical side effects of other centrally acting antihypertensives, there is significant interest in developing new agents with higher selectivity and affinity for I(1) -imidazoline receptors. The selective imidazoline receptors agents are also more effective in regulation of body fat, neuroprotection, inflammation, cell proliferation, epilepsy, depression, stress, cell adhesion, and pain. New agonists and antagonists with high selectivity for imidazoline receptor subtypes have been recently developed. In the present review we provide a brief update to the field of imidazoline research, highlighting some of the chemical diversity and progress made in the theoretical studies of imidazoline receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nikolic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, Serbia.
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16
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Stabile AM, Aceros H, Stockmeyer K, Abdel Rahman AA, Noiseux N, Mukaddam-Daher S. Functional and molecular effects of imidazoline receptor activation in heart failure. Life Sci 2011; 88:493-503. [PMID: 21277868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure is a progressive deterioration in heart function associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. The benefit of inhibition of sympathetic activity by moxonidine, a centrally acting imidazoline receptor agonist, was questioned based on the outcome of a failing clinical trial. The following studies measured cardiac structure and hemodynamics and mechanisms underlying moxonidine-induced changes, in cardiomyopathic hamsters, where the stage of the disease, dose, and compliance were controlled. MAIN METHODS Male BIO 14.6 hamsters (6 and 10 months old, with moderate and advanced heart failure, respectively) received moxonidine at 2 concentrations: low (2.4 mg/kg/day) and high (9.6 mg/kg/day), or vehicle, subcutaneously, for 1month. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography, plasma and hearts were collected for histological determination of fibrosis and apoptosis, as well as for measurement cytokines by Elisa and cardiac proteins by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Compared to age-matched vehicle-treated BIO 14.6, moxonidine did not reduce blood pressure but significantly reduced heart rate and improved cardiac performance. Moxonidine exerted anti-apoptotic effect with differential inflammatory/anti-inflammatory responses that culminate in attenuated cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis and altered protein expression of collagen types. Some effects were observed regardless of treatment onset, although the changes were more significant in the younger group. Interestingly, moxonidine resulted in upregulation of cardiac imidazoline receptors. SIGNIFICANCE These studies imply that in addition to centrally mediated sympathetic inhibition, the effects of moxonidine may, at least in part, be mediated by direct actions on the heart. Further investigation of imidazolines/imidazoline receptors in cardiovascular diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelita Maria Stabile
- Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Taylor DA, Abdel-Rahman AA. Novel strategies and targets for the management of hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2009; 57:291-345. [PMID: 20230765 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)57008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension, as the sole or comorbid component of a constellation of disorders of the cardiovascular (CV) system, is present in over 90% of all patients with CV disease and affects nearly 74 million individuals in the United States. The number of medications available to treat hypertension has dramatically increased during the past 3 decades to some 50 medications as new targets involved in the normal regulation of blood pressure have been identified, resulting in the development of new agents in those classes with improved therapeutic profiles (e.g., renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RAAS). Despite these new agents, hypertension is not adequately managed in approximately 30% of patients, who are compliant with prescriptive therapeutics, suggesting that new agents and/or strategies to manage hypertension are still needed. Some of the newest classes of agents have targeted other components of the RAS, for example, the selective renin inhibitors, but recent advances in vascular biology have provided novel potential targets that may provide avenues for new agent development. These newer targets include downstream signaling participants in pathways involved in contraction, growth, hypertrophy, and relaxation. However, perhaps the most unique approach to the management of hypertension is a shift in strategy of using existing agents with respect to the time of day at which the agent is taken. This new strategy, termed "chronotherapy," has shown considerable promise in effectively managing hypertensive patients. Therefore, there remains great potential for future development of safe and effective agents and strategies to manage a disorder of the CV system of epidemic proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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18
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Nischarin inhibits LIM kinase to regulate cofilin phosphorylation and cell invasion. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:3742-56. [PMID: 18332102 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01832-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nischarin is a novel protein that regulates cell migration by inhibiting p21-activated kinase (PAK). LIM kinase (LIMK) is a downstream effector of PAK, and it is known to play an important role in cell invasion. Here we show that nischarin also associates with LIMK to inhibit LIMK activation, cofilin phosphorylation, and LIMK-mediated invasion of breast cancer cells, suggesting that nischarin regulates cell invasion by negative modulation of the LIMK/cofilin pathway. The amino terminus of nischarin binds to the PDZ and kinase domains of LIMK. Although LIMK activation enhances the interaction with nischarin, only phosphorylation of threonine 508 of LIMK is crucial for the interaction. Inhibition of endogenous nischarin expression by RNA interference stimulates breast cancer cell invasion. Also, nischarin small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhances cofilin phosphorylation. In addition, knock-down of nischarin showed branched projection actin structures. Collectively these data indicate that nischarin siRNA may enhance random migration, resulting in stimulation of invasion.
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