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High-Intensity Interval Training Minimizes the Deleterious Effects of Arterial Hypertension on the Urinary Bladder of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9979397. [PMID: 36865350 PMCID: PMC9974255 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9979397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension promotes urological complications by modifying the functional capacity of the urinary bladder. On the other hand, physical exercise has been suggested as a nonpharmacological tool to improve blood pressure regulation. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its action on the urinary bladder is little discussed. In the present study, we verified the effect of HIIT on the modulation of the redox state, morphology, and inflammatory and apoptotic processes of the urinary bladder of hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into two groups: SHR sedentary and SHR submitted to HIIT. Arterial hypertension promoted an increase in the plasma redox state, modified the volume of the urinary bladder, and increased collagen deposition in detrusor muscle. It was also possible to identify, in the sedentary SHR group, an increase in inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the urinary bladder, as well as a reduction in BAX expression. However, in the HIIT group, reduced blood pressure levels were observed, together with an improvement in morphology, such as a decrease in collagen deposition. HIIT also regulated the proinflammatory response, promoting increases in IL-10 and BAX expressions and in the number of plasma antioxidant enzymes. The present work highlights the intracellular pathways involved with the oxidative and inflammatory capacity of the urinary bladder and the potential effect of HIIT on the regulation of the urothelium and detrusor muscle of hypertensive rats.
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Yamada S, Niiya R, Ito Y, Kato Y, Onoue S. Comparative characterization of β-adrenoceptors in the bladder, heart, and lungs of rats: Alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:51-55. [PMID: 34924129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize and compare β-adrenoceptors in the rat bladder with those in the heart and lungs of SD rats (8-10 weeks old) using subtype-selective agonists and antagonists in a radioligand binding assay with (-)-[125I]cyanopindolol ([125I]CYP), and also to clarify alterations in β-adrenoceptors in the bladder of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at 14 weeks old, from those of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and Wistar rats at the same age. A radioligand binding assay with [125I]CYP was used to measure β-adrenoceptor binding activity in rat tissues. Metoprolol exhibited the highest affinity to specific binding sites of [125I]CYP in the rat heart, indicating the dominance of β1-adrenoceptors. β3-selective agonists (BRL37344 and CL316243) and antagonist (SR59230A) exhibited higher affinity to specific binding sites of [125I]CYP in the bladder than in the heart and lungs. Furthermore, the binding affinity of the β2-selective antagonist, ICI118551 was the highest in the bladder. The Bmax of specific [125]CYP binding in the bladder was significantly lower in WKY and SHR than in Wistar rats. The present study provides further evidence for the coexistence of β2-and β3-adrenoceptors in the rat bladder, and indicates that β-adrenoceptor density is lower in the bladders of WKY and SHR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Lung/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Radioligand Assay/methods
- Rats, Inbred SHR/metabolism
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ryo Niiya
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ito
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1, Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Langdale CL, Degoski D, Milliken PH, Grill WM. Voiding behavior in awake unrestrained untethered spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar control rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F195-F206. [PMID: 34151591 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00564.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a genetic model of high blood pressure, has also been studied as a potential model of overactive bladder. In vivo studies have confirmed the presence of surrogate markers of overactive bladder, including detrusor overactivity, increased urinary frequency, decreased bladder capacity and voided volume (VV), and afferent hypersensitivity to bladder irritation. However, these observations were during awake cystometry using implanted bladder catheters tethered to an infusion pump and artificially filled. We conducted experiments in awake unrestrained untethered age-matched female SHRs and Wistar rats to quantify naïve consumption and voiding behavior and the effect of capsaicin desensitization on consumption and voiding behavior. Food and water consumption, body weight, voiding frequency, and VV were recorded. Rats were placed in metabolism cages for 24 h, up to twice a week, from 17 to 37 wk of age. Compared with Wistar rats, SHRs exhibited decrease in VV and did not exhibit diurnal variation in VV between light and dark periods, suggesting that SHRs may have bladder hypersensitivity. Furthermore, SHRs may also have smaller bladder capacities, as they consumed less water, voided less volume (regardless of light cycle), and had equal urinary frequencies compared with age-matched Wistar rats. We detected no change in SHR voiding behavior following capsaicin desensitization, which was in contrast to a prior awake in vivo cystometry study describing increased VV and micturition interval in SHRs and suggests that C-fiber activity may not contribute to bladder hypersensitivity in SHRs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We characterized the long-term (20 wk) voiding, defecation, and consumption behavior of age-matched spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar rats without the influence of anesthesia or catheters. Spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibited bladder hypersensitiviy that persisted for the 20-wk duration and was unaffected by capsacin desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Degoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Milliken PH, Sridhar A, Grill WM. Effects of intravesical prostaglandin E 2 on bladder function are preserved in capsaicin-desensitized rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F212-F223. [PMID: 33283648 PMCID: PMC7948121 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) instilled into the bladder generates symptoms of urinary urgency in healthy women and reduces bladder capacity and urethral pressure in both humans and female rats. Systemic capsaicin desensitization, which causes degeneration of C-fibers, prevented PGE2-mediated reductions in bladder capacity, suggesting that PGE2 acts as an irritant (Maggi CA, Giuliani S, Conte B, Furio M, Santicioli P, Meli P, Gragnani L, Meli A. Eur J Pharmacol 145: 105-112, 1988). In the present study, we instilled PGE2 in female rats after capsaicin desensitization but without the hypogastric nerve transection that was conducted in the Maggi et al. study. One week after capsaicin injection (125 mg/kg sc), rats underwent cystometric and urethral perfusion testing under urethane anesthesia with saline and 100 µM PGE2. Similar to naïve rats, capsaicin-desensitized rats exhibited a reduction in bladder capacity from 1.23 ± 0.08 mL to 0.70 ± 0.10 mL (P = 0.002, n = 9), a reduction in urethral perfusion pressure from 19.3 ± 2.1 cmH2O to 10.9 ± 1.2 cmH2O (P = 0.004, n = 9), and a reduction in bladder compliance from 0.13 ± 0.020 mL/cmH2O to 0.090 ± 0.014 mL/cmH2O (P = 0.011, n = 9). Thus, changes in bladder function following the instillation of PGE2 were not dependent on capsaicin-sensitive pathways. Further, these results suggest that urethral relaxation/weakness and/or increased detrusor pressure as a result of decreased compliance may contribute to urinary urgency and highlight potential targets for new therapies for overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hokanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Arun Sridhar
- Galvani Bioelectronics, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Tagami K, Yoshizumi M, Inoue A, Matoba M. Effectiveness of Gabapentinoids for Cancer-related Rectal and Vesical Tenesmus: Report of Four Cases. Indian J Palliat Care 2020; 26:381-384. [PMID: 33311883 PMCID: PMC7725173 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_203_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gabapentinoids could be assumed to relieve cancer-related rectal/vesical tenesmus based on their pharmacological mechanism. Four patients were refractory for cancer-related rectal/vesical tenesmus although their opioid doses were titrated up. Symptom intensity difference (SID) between initiation and follow-up after 24, 48, and 72 h and daily changes in the frequency of urination, defecation, opioid rescue doses, presence of sleep disruption, and dose of regular opioid medication were evaluated. The median reductions in daily discomfort measured as SID between baseline and follow-up after 24, 48, and 72 h were 87.5%, 70.0%, and 80.0%, respectively, while those in daily pain intensity were 75%, 66.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. The initiation dose of gabapentin was 200 or 400 mg/day and that of pregabalin was 75 mg/day in one patient. Gabapentinoids were effective at low doses administered over a short duration to patients with refractory cancer-related rectal/vesical tenesmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tagami
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshizumi
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motohiro Matoba
- Department of Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
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Assaly R, Faugeroux J, Laurin M, Compagnie S, Alexandre L, Giuliano F, Behr-Roussel D. Silodosin improves functional consequences of lower urinary tract obstruction secondary to benign prostate hypertrophy, a proof of concept study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat supplemented with testosterone. BMC Urol 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32854676 PMCID: PMC7453715 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of silodosin on the urodynamic consequences in a previously established model of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostate hyperplasia, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) supplemented with testosterone. Methods Three groups of animals (8-week-old; n = 10/group) were considered: Wistar Kyoto (control) rats (WKY), SHR supplemented with testosterone at 3 mg/kg/day and treated with either vehicle (SHR-T, n = 10) or silodosin at 0.1 mg/kg/day (SHR-T + silodosin, n = 10) by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Cystometry experiments were performed. The bladder was harvested, weighed and paraffin-embedded for morphometric analysis. The prostate was also harvested and weighed. Results The number of animals included in the analysis were n = 10/10 for WKY and n = 7–8/10 for each SHR rats supplemented with testosterone group. SHR-T displayed a significant decrease in the intercontraction interval, infused volume and mean flow rate whereas the frequency of non-voiding contractions was increased. Silodosin improved the voiding behavior of SHR-T by significantly increasing the intercontraction interval, the infused volume and the mean flow rate and decreasing the number of non-voiding contractions. SHR-T displayed a significant increase in prostate and bladder weights and a 15% increase in the detrusor wall area compared to WKY. Conclusions Chronic silodosin treatment relieved storage symptoms in SHR supplemented with testosterone and decreased the frequency of non-voiding detrusor contractions during the filling phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Assaly
- Pelvipharm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France
| | - Julie Faugeroux
- Pelvipharm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France
| | - Miguel Laurin
- Pelvipharm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Compagnie
- Pelvipharm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France
| | | | - François Giuliano
- Pelvipharm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France.,AP-HP, Neuro-Uro-Andrology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Delphine Behr-Roussel
- Pelvipharm, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, END-ICAP, Versailles, France.
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7
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Effects of the combination of vibegron and imidafenacin on bladder function in urethane-anesthetized rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Foditsch EE, Roider K, Sartori AM, Kessler TM, Kayastha SR, Aigner L, Schneider MP. Cystometric and External Urethral Sphincter Measurements in Awake Rats with Implanted Catheter and Electrodes Allowing for Repeated Measurements. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443095 DOI: 10.3791/56506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract function is mainly assessed by means of cystometric bladder function analysis in rodents. Conventional cystometries are usually performed as terminal analysis under urethane anesthesia. It is well known that anesthetic drugs can influence bladder function. Hence, the aim of this technique is to perform cystometric measurements of the urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter in lightly restrained awake rats. For this purpose, a bladder catheter is implanted into the bladder dome. Subsequently, two electrodes are implanted bilateral to the external urethral sphincter and a ground electrode is sutured to a non-responsive skeletal muscle. The bladder catheter and the three electrodes are finally tunneled subcutaneously to the neck region and affixed to a harness. With this technique, the lower urinary tract can be measured at multiple time points in the same animal to assess lower urinary tract function. The main application of this technique is the follow-up of simultaneous urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter function in awake healthy rats and after induction of a disease or injury. Moreover, subsequent lower urinary tract monitoring can be performed during evaluation of the disease/injury and to monitor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Foditsch
- Department of Urology, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University;
| | - Karin Roider
- Department of Urology, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University
| | - Andrea M Sartori
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center & Research, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Center & Research, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital
| | - Sabik Raj Kayastha
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University
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Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Sridhar A, Grill WM. OAB without an overactive bladder in the acute prostaglandin E2 rat model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1169-F1177. [PMID: 28768666 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00270.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravesical prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was previously used to induce overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, as it reduces bladder capacity in rats and causes a "strong urgency sensation" in healthy women. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. To clarify how PGE2 reduces bladder capacity, 100 µM PGE2 was administered intravesically during open, single-fill cystometry with simultaneous measurement of sphincter EMG in the urethane-anesthetized female Wistar rat. PGE2 was also applied to the urethra or bladder selectively by use of a ligature at the bladder neck before (urethra) or during (bladder) closed-outlet, single-fill cystometry. Additional tests of urethral perfusion with PGE2 were made. PGE2 decreased bladder capacity, increased voiding efficiency, and increased sphincter EMG during open cystometry compared with saline controls. The number of nonvoiding contractions did not change with PGE2; however, bladder compliance decreased. During closed-outlet cystometry, PGE2 applied only to the bladder or the urethra did not decrease bladder capacity. Urethral infusion of PGE2 decreased urethral perfusion pressure. Taken together, these results suggest that intravesical PGE2 may decrease bladder capacity by targeting afferents in the proximal urethra. This may occur through urethral relaxation and decreased bladder compliance, both of which may increase activation of proximal urethra afferents from distension of the proximal urethra. This hypothesis stands in contrast to many hypotheses of urgency that focus on bladder dysfunction as the primary cause of OAB symptoms. Targeting the urethra, particularly urethral smooth muscle, may be a promising avenue for the design of drugs and devices to treat OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hokanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Arun Sridhar
- Bioelectronics R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
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Zhou X, Lam WP, Tang HC, Koon CM, Cheng L, Lau CBS, Liang W, Leung PC. Effects of Gegen (Puerariae lobatae Radix) water extract on improving detrusor overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:672-678. [PMID: 27161408 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ex vivo experiments showed that the water extract of Puerariae lobatae Radix (named Gegen in Chinese) induced detrusor relaxation. The aim of this study was to prove the in vivo efficacy of Gegen on improving detrusor overactivity and its possible synergism with darifenacin (a first-line muscarinic receptor-3 inhibitor) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a rat model exhibiting symptoms of detrusor overactivity. METHOD After daily oral administration of Gegen 30 (Gegen, 30mg/kg); Gegen 300 (Gegen, 300mg/kg); Low_Dar (darifenacin, 3mg/kg); High_Dar (darifenacin, 30mg/kg) Low_Dar+Gegen 30 or High_Dar+Gegen 30 for 3 weeks, bladder detrusor strips of the rats were isolated and assessed with different stimulators for the measurement of tonic and phasic contractile activities (including phasic amplitude and frequency). Modes of stimulation included the use of carbachol, isoprenaline and electrical field stimulation (EFS). RESULTS All drug treatments significantly reduced carbachol-stimulated tonic contractile activities, but did not change the phasic amplitude. Meanwhile, the treatments with Gegen 300; Low_Dar; Low_Dar+Gegen 30; and High_Dar+Gegen 30 decreased carbachol-stimulated phasic frequency. Gegen 300 and Low_Dar+Gegen 30 showed stronger potency on lowering EFS-induced responses. Under isoprenaline-induced relaxation, only Gegen 300 significantly enhanced this relaxation by decreasing tonic contraction; Gegen 300; Low_Dar; Low_Dar+Gegen 30; and High_Dar+Gegen 30 increased the reduction of phasic frequency, but all treatment did not alter their phasic amplitude. Combination Index (CI) showed that the combination with Low_Dar and Gegen 30 had very strong synergism (CI <0.1) on inhibiting EFS-induced contractile response. CONCLUSION Gegen improved detrusor overactivity through neurogenic and anti-muscarinic mechanisms. Gegen and darifenacin together attained synergism for detrusor overactivity treatment via the neurogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Ping Lam
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Chai Tang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Man Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Willmann Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Kurokawa T, Zha X, Ito H, Aoki Y, Akino H, Kobayashi M, Yokoyama O. Underlying mechanisms of urine storage dysfunction in rats with salt-loading hypertension. Life Sci 2015; 141:8-12. [PMID: 26390819 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Spontaneous hypertensive rats provide a genetic model for exploring the pathogenesis of urine storage dysfunction related to hypertension (HT). In humans, however, HT develops by both genetic and environmental factors including lifestyle factors such as a high-calorie diet, excessive salt intake and stress. We investigated the influence of salt-loading on bladder function and the underlying mechanisms of storage dysfunction related to HT. MAIN METHODS Six-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats were fed with a normal or high-salt diet for 12weeks. Micturition parameters were obtained from a metabolic cage. Whole bladders were excised from 18-week-old rats and distended in an organ bath. The releases of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from the distended bladder epithelia were measured. Changes in bladder blood flow (BBF) were determined with a laser-speckle-blood-flow imaging system. KEY FINDINGS An increase in mean blood pressure (BP) was noted only in DS rats after salt-loading. During the inactive (sleeping) period, voided volume per micturition gradually increased in DR rats fed a normal or high-salt diet and normal-diet DS rats, while it did not change in the DS rats fed a high-salt diet. Bladder distension significantly increased ATP and PGE2 release from the urothelium in DS rats fed a high-salt diet. BBF was significantly decreased in high-salt-diet DS rats. SIGNIFICANCE One mechanism behind the relationship between salt-sensitive HT and urine storage dysfunction may be an increase in ATP and PGE2 release from the urothelium via suppression of BBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Kurokawa
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Xinmin Zha
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Aoki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hironobu Akino
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokoyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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Michel MC, Igawa Y. Therapeutic targets for overactive bladder other than smooth muscle. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:687-705. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Michel MC. Therapeutic modulation of urinary bladder function: multiple targets at multiple levels. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 55:269-87. [PMID: 25251997 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Storage dysfunction of the urinary bladder, specifically overactive bladder syndrome, is a condition that occurs frequently in the general population. Historically, pathophysiological and treatment concepts related to overactive bladder have focused on smooth muscle cells. Although these are the central effector, numerous anatomic structures are involved in their regulation, including the urothelium, afferent and efferent nerves, and the central nervous system. Each of these structures involves receptors for—and the urothelium itself also releases—many mediators. Moreover, hypoperfusion, hypertrophy, and fibrosis can affect bladder function. Established treatments such as muscarinic antagonists, β-adrenoceptor agonists, and onabotulinumtoxinA each work in part through their effects on the urothelium and afferent nerves, as do α1-adrenoceptor antagonists in the treatment of voiding dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia; however, none of these treatments are specifically targeted to the urothelium and afferent nerves. It remains to be explored whether future treatments that specifically act at one of these structures will provide a therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101 Mainz, Germany;
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Clavica F, Choudhary M, van Asselt E, van Mastrigt R. Frequency analysis of urinary bladder pre-voiding activity in normal and overactive rat detrusor. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 34:794-9. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Clavica
- Department of Urology; Sector FURORE; Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Bristol Urological Institute; Southmead Hospital; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Mahipal Choudhary
- Department of Urology; Sector FURORE; Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Els van Asselt
- Department of Urology; Sector FURORE; Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ron van Mastrigt
- Department of Urology; Sector FURORE; Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
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IMAMURA T, ISHIZUKA O, OGAWA T, YAMAGISHI T, YOKOYAMA H, MINAGAWA T, NAKAZAWA M, NISHIZAWA O. Pathways Involving Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors Modulate Cold Stress-Induced Detrusor Overactivity in Conscious Rats. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 7:50-5. [DOI: 10.1111/luts.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya IMAMURA
- Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Osamu ISHIZUKA
- Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Teruyuki OGAWA
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Takahiro YAMAGISHI
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Hitoshi YOKOYAMA
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Tomonori MINAGAWA
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Masaki NAKAZAWA
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
| | - Osamu NISHIZAWA
- Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
- Department of Urology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Japan
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Homan T, Tsuzuki T, Dogishi K, Shirakawa H, Oyama T, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. Novel mouse model of chronic inflammatory and overactive bladder by a single intravesical injection of hydrogen peroxide. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 121:327-37. [PMID: 23545478 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12265fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is so far no generally accepted animal model of chronic cystitis by which potential therapies can be evaluated. In this study, we aimed to establish a new mouse model of cystitis based on the proinflammatory effects of reactive oxygen species. A single intravesical injection of 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) significantly increased the numbers of voids by 1 day after injection in female mice, which lasted up to 7 days. The H2O2 injection rapidly increased the bladder weight by 3 h in parallel with the histological damage and hyperpermeability of urothelial barrier. Although the urothelial dysfunction was recovered to normal by 7 days, increase in bladder weight, edematous thickening of the submucosa, and vascular hyperpermeability were apparent even 7 days after injection. During the time course, massive infiltration of neutrophils and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the bladder. An intraperitoneal administration of oxybutynin, amitriptyline, indomethacin, or morphine attenuated the H2O2-induced frequent urination. These findings suggest that an intravesical injection of H2O2 induces relatively long-lasting inflammatory and overactive bladder, compared with existing cystitis models. The intravesical H2O2 injection model may be a simple and useful tool in the pathological study and drug discovery for chronic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Homan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the β3-adrenoceptor agonist solabegron for overactive bladder. Eur Urol 2012; 62:834-40. [PMID: 22695239 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Adrenoceptor agonists are effective in animal models of bladder dysfunction, and the human bladder primarily expresses the β3 receptor subtype. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the highly selective and potent β3-adrenoceptor agonist solabegron in a clinical proof-of-concept study in incontinent women with overactive bladder (OAB). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a randomized, double-blind trial in adult women with OAB (one or more 24-h incontinence episodes and eight or more average 24-h micturitions). INTERVENTIONS Solabegron 50 mg (n=88), solabegron 125 mg (n=85), or placebo (n=85)-all twice daily-were administered. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary efficacy end point was percentage change from baseline to week 8 in the number of incontinence episodes over 24 h. Secondary end points included actual change and percentage change from baseline to week 4 and week 8 in micturitions per 24 h, urgency episodes per 24 h, and volume voided per micturition. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed, as well. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Solabegron 125 mg produced a statistically significant difference in percent change from baseline to week 8 in incontinence episodes over 24h when compared with placebo (p=0.025). Solabegron 125 mg treatment also showed statistically significant reductions from baseline to weeks 4 and 8 in micturitions over 24 h and a statistically significant increase from baseline to week 8 in urine volume voided. Solabegron was well tolerated, with a similar incidence of AEs in each treatment group. There were no significant treatment differences for mean changes from baseline to week 8 in systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), or heart rate during the 24-h ambulatory measurement. CONCLUSIONS Solabegron significantly reduced the symptoms of OAB in women with moderate to severe OAB. Solabegron was safe, well tolerated, and did not demonstrate significant differences in AEs as compared to placebo. β3-Adrenoceptor agonists may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating OAB symptoms.
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Clouse AK, Jugus MJ, Eisennagel SH, Laping NJ, Westfall TD, Thorneloe KS. Voltage-gated Na+ channel blockers reduce functional bladder capacity in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat. Urology 2012; 79:1410.e1-6. [PMID: 22497980 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the consequence of pharmacologic inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) channels (Nav) in the conscious rat, based on Nav having been implicated as modulators of rodent urodynamics using knockout as well as antisense oligodeoxynucleotide approaches. METHODS The urodynamic response to standard Nav blockers, lamotrigine, amitriptyline, mexiletine, and carbamazepine were evaluated using conscious, continuous-filling cystometry in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). As a selectivity evaluation, the activity of the Nav blockers at muscarinic receptors was assessed via effect on carbachol-evoked bladder contractions. RESULTS Lamotrigine, amitriptyline, mexiletine, and carbamazepine decreased peak micturition pressure, micturition interval, and void volume. These effects were markedly similar to observations with muscarinic antagonists. Therefore, we evaluated the selectivity of these agents against bladder muscarinic receptors. Lamotrigine, mexiletine, and carbamazepine had no effect on muscarinic bladder contractions, whereas amitriptyline displayed a robust antagonism of carbachol-induced contractility. CONCLUSION Three Nav blockers--lamotrigine, mexiletine, and carbamazepine--demonstrated a reduction in micturition pressure and functional bladder capacity, similar to previous observations with muscarinic antagonists. These 3 Nav blockers are free of muscarinic antagonism, consistent with their cystometric effects being mediated via their Nav blocking activities. The negative findings reported here with Nav blockers suggest that Nav channel blockade is unlikely to reflect an improved treatment strategy for bladder disorders over currently prescribed muscarinic antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Clouse
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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Oudot A, Oger S, Behr-Roussel D, Caisey S, Bernabé J, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. A new experimental rat model of erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: the testosterone-supplemented spontaneously hypertensive rat. BJU Int 2012; 110:1352-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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