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Al-Kassmy J, Sun C, Huot P. 5-HT 1A agonists for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023; 13:101-112. [PMID: 37140165 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levodopa is the most effective agent for treating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, levodopa-induced dyskinesia remains a significant complication that manifests after few years of treatment, for which therapeutic options remain limited. Several agonists of the serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) receptor with varying levels of efficacy and interaction at other sites, have been tested in the clinic. Clinical trials testing 5-HT1A agonists have yielded inconsistent results in alleviating dyskinesia, especially that the antidyskinetic benefit observed was often accompanied by an adverse effect on motor function. In this article, we summarize and analyze the various clinical trials performed with 5-HT1A agonists in PD patients with dyskinesia and offer perspectives on the future of this class of agents in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Al-Kassmy
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine Sun
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Movement Disorder Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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2
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Sakreida K, Chiu WH, Dukart J, Eickhoff SB, Frodl T, Gaser C, Landgrebe M, Langguth B, Mirlach D, Rautu IS, Wittmann M, Poeppl TB. Disentangling dyskinesia from parkinsonism in motor structures of patients with schizophrenia. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac190. [PMID: 35912135 PMCID: PMC9337227 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia frequently suffer from motor abnormalities, but underlying alterations in neuroarchitecture remain unclear. Here, we aimed to disentangle dyskinesia from parkinsonism in motor structures of patients with schizophrenia and to assess associated molecular architecture. We measured grey matter of motor regions and correlated volumetric estimates with dyskinesia and parkinsonism severity. Associations with molecular architecture were identified by cross-modal spatial correlations between ensuing maps of abnormality-related volume alterations and neurotransmitter maps from healthy populations. Both phenomena were linked to (specific) striatal and basal forebrain reductions as well as to D1 receptor density. Dyskinesia also manifested in cerebellar decrease, while parkinsonism was associated with less motor cortex volume. The parkinsonism-related brain pattern was additionally associated with 5-HT1A/2A and µ-opioid receptors distribution. Findings suggest the need to develop psychopharmacological compounds that display not only selectivity for receptor subtypes but also anatomical selectivity for alleviating dyskinesia without worsening parkinsonism and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sakreida
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074 , Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University , New York, NY 10017 , USA
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich , Jülich 52425 , Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf 40225 , Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich , Jülich 52425 , Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf 40225 , Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074 , Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital , Jena 07747 , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital , Jena 07743 , Germany
| | - Michael Landgrebe
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, kbo-Lech-Mangfall-Klinik Agatharied , Hausham 83734 , Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg 93053 , Germany
| | - Daniela Mirlach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg 93053 , Germany
| | - Ioana-Sabina Rautu
- Unité de Recherche en Neurosciences Cognitives (UNESCOG), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Brussels 1050 , Belgium
| | - Markus Wittmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, District Hospital Wöllershof , Störnstein 92721 , Germany
| | - Timm B Poeppl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074 , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg 93053 , Germany
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3
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Baba Y, Futamura A, Kinno R, Nomoto S, Takahashi S, Yasumoto T, Osakabe Y, Shoji D, Nabeshima Y. The relationship between the distinct ratios of benserazide and carbidopa to levodopa and motor complications in Parkinson's disease: A retrospective cohort study. J Neurol Sci 2022; 437:120263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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AlShimemeri S, Fox SH, Visanji NP. Emerging drugs for the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: an update. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:131-144. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1763954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila AlShimemeri
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan H Fox
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson Disease & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Majdi A, Pashazadeh F, Vatandoust SM, Ziaee M, Safari F, Karimi P, Mahmoudi J. Serotonergic system modulation holds promise for L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in hemiparkinsonian rats: A systematic review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:268-295. [PMID: 32327954 PMCID: PMC7174586 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The alleged effects of serotonergic agents in alleviating levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in parkinsonian patients are debatable. To this end, we systematically reviewed the serotonergic agents used for the treatment of LIDs in a 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease in rats. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Proquest for entries no later than March 2018, and restricted the search to publications on serotonergic agents used for the treatment of LIDs in hemiparkinsonian rats. The initial search yielded 447 citations, of which 49 articles and one conference paper met our inclusion criteria. The results revealed ten different categories of serotonergic agents, including but not limited to 5-HT1A/BR agonists, 5-HT2AR antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), all of which improved LIDs without imposing considerable adverse effects. Although there is promising evidence regarding the role of these agents in relieving LIDs in hemiparkinsonian rats, further studies are needed for the enlightenment of hidden aspect of these molecules in terms of mechanisms and outcomes. Given this, improving the quality of the pre-clinical studies and designing appropriate clinical trials will help fill the bench-to-bedside gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Iranian Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Center, a Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group
| | | | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Phytopharmacology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Jenner P. The treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias: Surfing the serotoninergic wave. Mov Disord 2019; 33:1670-1672. [PMID: 30485909 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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7
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Huot P. 5-HT1A agonists and dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: a pharmacological perspective. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2018; 8:207-209. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2018-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Division of Neurology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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8
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Bordia T, Perez XA. Cholinergic control of striatal neurons to modulate L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:859-868. [PMID: 29923650 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
L-dopa induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a disabling motor complication of L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) management. Treatment options remain limited and the underlying network mechanisms remain unclear due to a complex pathophysiology. What is well-known, however, is that aberrant striatal signaling plays a key role in LIDs development. Here, we discuss the specific contribution of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) and GABAergic medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) with a particular focus on how cholinergic signaling may integrate multiple striatal systems to modulate LIDs expression. Enhanced ChI transmission, altered MSN activity and the associated abnormal downstream signaling responses that arise with nigrostriatal damage are well known to contribute to LIDs development. In fact, enhancing M4 muscarinic receptor activity, a receptor favorably expressed on D1 dopamine receptor-expressing MSNs dampens their activity to attenuate LIDs. Likewise, ChI activation via thalamostriatal neurons is shown to interrupt cortical signaling to enhance D2 dopamine receptor-expressing MSN activity via M1 muscarinic receptors, which may interrupt ongoing motor activity. Notably, numerous preclinical studies also show that reducing nicotinic cholinergic receptor activity decreases LIDs. Taken together, these studies indicate the importance of cholinergic control of striatal neuronal activity and point to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors as significant pharmacological targets for alleviating LIDs in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xiomara A Perez
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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9
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Neurophysiological effects in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits of antidyskinetic treatment with 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists. Exp Neurol 2018; 302:155-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Effects of the Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor Biased Agonists, F13714 and F15599, on Striatal Neurotransmitter Levels Following l-DOPA Administration in Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1035-1046. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Serotonergic targets for the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1203-1216. [PMID: 29305656 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) continues to be the gold-standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite clear symptomatic benefit, long-term L-DOPA use often results in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), significantly reducing quality of life and increasing costs for PD patients and their caregivers. Accumulated research has demonstrated that several pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms contribute to LID development and expression. In particular, raphe-striatal hyperinnervation and unregulated DA release from 5-HT terminals is postulated to play a central role in LID manifestation. As such, manipulation of the 5-HT system has garnered considerable attention. Both pre-clinical and clinical research has supported the potential of modulating the 5-HT system for LID prevention and treatment. This review discusses the rationale for continued investigation of several potential anti-dyskinetic strategies including 5-HT stimulation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors and blockade of 5-HT2A receptors and SERT. We present the latest findings from experimental and clinical investigations evaluating these 5-HT targets with the goal of identifying those with translational promise and the challenges associated with each.
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12
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Gurevich EV, Gainetdinov RR, Gurevich VV. G protein-coupled receptor kinases as regulators of dopamine receptor functions. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:1-16. [PMID: 27178731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Actions of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain are mediated by dopamine receptors that belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mammals have five dopamine receptor subtypes, D1 through D5. D1 and D5 couple to Gs/olf and activate adenylyl cyclase, whereas D2, D3, and D4 couple to Gi/o and inhibit it. Most GPCRs upon activation by an agonist are phosphorylated by GPCR kinases (GRKs). The GRK phosphorylation makes receptors high-affinity binding partners for arrestin proteins. Arrestin binding to active phosphorylated receptors stops further G protein activation and promotes receptor internalization, recycling or degradation, thereby regulating their signaling and trafficking. Four non- visual GRKs are expressed in striatal neurons. Here we describe known effects of individual GRKs on dopamine receptors in cell culture and in the two in vivo models of dopamine-mediated signaling: behavioral response to psychostimulants and L-DOPA- induced dyskinesia. Dyskinesia, associated with dopamine super-sensitivity of striatal neurons, is a debilitating side effect of L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease. In vivo, GRK subtypes show greater receptor specificity than in vitro or in cultured cells. Overexpression, knockdown, and knockout of individual GRKs, particularly GRK2 and GRK6, have differential effects on signaling of dopamine receptor subtypes in the brain. Furthermore, deletion of GRK isoforms in select striatal neuronal types differentially affects psychostimulant-induced behaviors. In addition, anti-dyskinetic effect of GRK3 does not require its kinase activity: it is mediated by the binding of its RGS-like domain to Gαq/11, which suppresses Gq/11 signaling. The data demonstrate that the dopamine signaling in defined neuronal types in vivo is regulated by specific and finely orchestrated actions of GRK isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37221, USA.
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Lincoln L, Fisher R, Jackson MJ, Jenner P, Neumeyer J, Sromek AW, Lees AJ, Rose S. Oral r-(-)-11-o-valeryl-n-n-propylnoraporphine reverses motor deficits in mptp-treated marmosets. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1381-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lincoln
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Hodgkin Building, King's College London; London UK
| | - Ria Fisher
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Hodgkin Building, King's College London; London UK
| | - Michael J. Jackson
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Hodgkin Building, King's College London; London UK
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Hodgkin Building, King's College London; London UK
| | - John Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts USA
| | - Anna W. Sromek
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont Massachusetts USA
| | - Andrew J. Lees
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, University College London; London UK
| | - Sarah Rose
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Hodgkin Building, King's College London; London UK
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14
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Eid L, Parent M. Chemical anatomy of pallidal afferents in primates. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4291-4317. [PMID: 27028222 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurons of the globus pallidus receive massive inputs from the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, but their activity, as well as those of their striatal and subthalamic inputs, are modulated by brainstem afferents. These include serotonin (5-HT) projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus, cholinergic (ACh) inputs from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, and dopamine (DA) afferents from the substantia nigra pars compacta. This review summarizes our recent findings on the distribution, quantitative and ultrastructural aspects of pallidal 5-HT, ACh and DA innervations. These results have led to the elaboration of a new model of the pallidal neuron based on a precise knowledge of the hierarchy and chemical features of the various synaptic inputs. The dense 5-HT, ACh and DA innervations disclosed in the associative and limbic pallidal territories suggest that these brainstem inputs contribute principally to the planification of motor behaviors and the regulation of attention and mood. Although 5-HT, ACh and DA inputs were found to modulate pallidal neurons and their afferents mainly through asynaptic (volume) transmission, genuine synaptic contacts occur between these chemospecific axon varicosities and pallidal dendrites, revealing that these brainstem projections have a direct access to pallidal neurons, in addition to their indirect input through the striatum and subthalamic nucleus. Altogether, these findings reveal that the brainstem 5-HT, ACh and DA pallidal afferents act in concert with the more robust GABAergic inhibitory striatopallidal and glutamatergic excitatory subthalamopallidal inputs. We hypothesize that a fragile equilibrium between forebrain and brainstem pallidal afferents plays a key role in the functional organization of the primate basal ganglia, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Eid
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Université Laval, F-6530-1, 2601, de la Canardière, Quebec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Université Laval, F-6530-1, 2601, de la Canardière, Quebec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
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15
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Optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons regulates L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:47-58. [PMID: 26921469 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a serious complication of L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Emerging evidence indicates that the nicotinic cholinergic system plays a role in LIDs, although the pathways and mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we used optogenetics to investigate the role of striatal cholinergic interneurons in LIDs. Mice expressing cre-recombinase under the control of the choline acetyltransferase promoter (ChAT-Cre) were lesioned by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. AAV5-ChR2-eYFP or AAV5-control-eYFP was injected into the dorsolateral striatum, and optical fibers implanted. After stable virus expression, mice were treated with L-dopa. They were then subjected to various stimulation protocols for 2h and LIDs rated. Continuous stimulation with a short duration optical pulse (1-5ms) enhanced LIDs. This effect was blocked by the general muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist atropine indicating it was mAChR-mediated. By contrast, continuous stimulation with a longer duration optical pulse (20ms to 1s) reduced LIDs to a similar extent as nicotine treatment (~50%). The general nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine blocked the decline in LIDs with longer optical pulses showing it was nAChR-mediated. None of the stimulation regimens altered LIDs in control-eYFP mice. Lesion-induced motor impairment was not affected by optical stimulation indicating that cholinergic transmission selectively regulates LIDs. Longer pulse stimulation increased the number of c-Fos expressing ChAT neurons, suggesting that changes in this immediate early gene may be involved. These results demonstrate that striatal cholinergic interneurons play a critical role in LIDs and support the idea that nicotine treatment reduces LIDs via nAChR desensitization.
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16
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Gurevich EV, Gainetdinov RR, Gurevich VV. Regulation of Dopamine-Dependent Behaviors by G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3798-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Reznitsky M, Plenge P, Hay-Schmidt A. Serotonergic projections from the raphe nuclei to the subthalamic nucleus; a retrograde- and anterograde neuronal tracing study. Neurosci Lett 2016; 612:172-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Paolone G, Brugnoli A, Arcuri L, Mercatelli D, Morari M. Eltoprazine prevents levodopa-induced dyskinesias by reducing striatal glutamate and direct pathway activity. Mov Disord 2015. [PMID: 26207892 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical evidence that the serotonergic system plays a major role in levodopa-induced dyskinesias has been provided. Selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptor agonists, and, very recently, the mixed 5-HT1A /5-HT1B receptor agonist, eltoprazine, proved effective in inhibiting L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in experimental animals and parkinsonian patients. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this effect. METHODS Microdialysis was employed in 6-hydroxydopamine-hemilesioned rats chronically treated with L-dopa alone or in combination with eltoprazine. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels were monitored on L-dopa in the dopamine-depleted striatum and ipsilateral SNr. Motor activity on the rotarod was assessed, both off and on L-dopa. Western blot was used to quantify ex vivo striatal levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. Striatal and nigral amino acid levels, as well as striatal dopamine levels, were also monitored in L-dopa-primed dyskinetic rats acutely challenged with L-dopa and eltoprazine. RESULTS Eltoprazine attenuated the development and expression of dyskinesias, preserving motor coordination on the rotarod. Eltoprazine prevented the rise of nigral amino acids and striatal glutamate levels, as well as the increase in striatal phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, associated with dyskinesias. However, eltoprazine did not affect the L-dopa-induced increase in striatal dopamine. CONCLUSIONS Eltoprazine inhibits the sensitization of striatonigral medium-sized GABA spiny neurons (the direct pathway) to L-dopa and their overactivation associated with dyskinesias appearance. Activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors regulating striatal glutamate transmission, but not striatal ectopic dopamine release, might underlie the symptomatic effect of eltoprazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Paolone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Brugnoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ludovico Arcuri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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The highly-selective 5-HT(1A) agonist F15599 reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia without compromising anti-parkinsonian benefits in the MPTP-lesioned macaque. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:306-11. [PMID: 26071982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is the most effective anti-parkinsonian agent available, but upon chronic administration, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience abnormal involuntary movements, dyskinesia. Modulation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors is regarded as an effective way to alleviate dyskinesia, yet this approach has been marred by a reduction of the therapeutic effectiveness of L-DOPA. We hypothesised that highly-selective 5-HT1A stimulation might be a way to alleviate dyskinesia without compromising L-DOPA anti-parkinsonian action. F15599 (also known as NLX-101) is a highly-selective 5-HT1A agonist that displays over 1000 × selectivity over off-target receptors. Seven cynomolgus macaques were administered MPTP and developed severe parkinsonism. Following chronic administration of L-DOPA, they developed severe and reproducible dyskinesia. F15599 (0.003, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered in combination with L-DOPA and its effect on dyskinesia and L-DOPA anti-parkinsonian was assessed. In combination with L-DOPA, F15599 (0.1 mg/kg) reduced the severity of peak-dose dyskinesia, by ≈45% (P < 0.001), compared to L-DOPA alone. F15599 (any dose) had no effect on duration of on-time or motor activity counts compared to L-DOPA alone. F15599 at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg significantly reduced duration of on-time with disabling dyskinesia (by ≈49% and ≈71%, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). These results suggest that F15599, a highly-selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, alleviates dyskinesia without exerting a deleterious effect on L-DOPA anti-parkinsonian action.
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20
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GRK3 suppresses L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat model of Parkinson's disease via its RGS homology domain. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10920. [PMID: 26043205 PMCID: PMC4455246 DOI: 10.1038/srep10920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons causes Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine replacement therapy with L-DOPA is the best available treatment. However, patients develop L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In the hemiparkinsonian rat, chronic L-DOPA increases rotations and abnormal involuntary movements modeling LID, via supersensitive dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors are controlled by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). Here we demonstrate that LID is attenuated by overexpression of GRK3 in the striatum, whereas knockdown of GRK3 by microRNA exacerbated it. Kinase-dead GRK3 and its separated RGS homology domain (RH) suppressed sensitization to L-DOPA, whereas GRK3 with disabled RH did not. RH alleviated LID without compromising anti-akinetic effect of L-DOPA. RH binds striatal Gq. GRK3, kinase-dead GRK3, and RH inhibited accumulation of ∆FosB, a marker of LID. RH-dead mutant was ineffective, whereas GRK3 knockdown exacerbated ∆FosB accumulation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of GRK3 control of the dopamine receptor signaling and the role of Gq in LID.
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21
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Iderberg H, McCreary A, Varney M, Cenci M, Newman-Tancredi A. Activity of serotonin 5-HT1A receptor ‘biased agonists’ in rat models of Parkinson's disease and l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:52-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Hagino Y, Kasai S, Fujita M, Setogawa S, Yamaura H, Yanagihara D, Hashimoto M, Kobayashi K, Meltzer HY, Ikeda K. Involvement of cholinergic system in hyperactivity in dopamine-deficient mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1141-50. [PMID: 25367503 PMCID: PMC4367456 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic systems have been known to be involved in the regulation of locomotor activity and development of psychosis. However, the observations that some Parkinson's disease patients can move effectively under appropriate conditions despite low dopamine levels (eg, kinesia paradoxia) and that several psychotic symptoms are typical antipsychotic resistant and atypical antipsychotic sensitive indicate that other systems beyond the dopaminergic system may also affect locomotor activity and psychosis. The present study showed that dopamine-deficient (DD) mice, which had received daily L-DOPA injections, could move effectively and even be hyperactive 72 h after the last L-DOPA injection when dopamine was almost completely depleted. Such hyperactivity was ameliorated by clozapine but not haloperidol or ziprasidone. Among multiple actions of clozapine, muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) activation markedly reduced locomotor activity in DD mice. Furthermore, the expression of choline acetyltransferase, an ACh synthase, was reduced and extracellular ACh levels were significantly reduced in DD mice. These results suggest that the cholinergic system, in addition to the dopaminergic system, may be involved in motor control, including hyperactivity and psychosis. The present findings provide additional evidence that the cholinergic system may be targeted for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hagino
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kasai
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Fujita
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Setogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaura
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Yanagihara
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Parkinson's Disease Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan,Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan, Tel: +81 3 6834 2379, Fax: +81 3 6834 2390, E-mail:
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23
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Bordia T, McGregor M, McIntosh JM, Drenan RM, Quik M. Evidence for a role for α6(∗) nAChRs in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias using Parkinsonian α6(∗) nAChR gain-of-function mice. Neuroscience 2015; 295:187-97. [PMID: 25813704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
l-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are a serious side effect of dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms that underlie LIDs are currently unclear. However, preclinical studies indicate that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a role, suggesting that drugs targeting these receptors may be of therapeutic benefit. To further understand the involvement of α6β2(∗) nAChRs in LIDs, we used gain-of-function α6(∗) nAChR (α6L9S) mice that exhibit a 20-fold enhanced sensitivity to nAChR agonists. Wildtype (WT) and α6L9S mice were lesioned by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 3μg/ml) into the medial forebrain bundle. Three to 4wk later, they were administered l-dopa (3mg/kg) plus benserazide (15mg/kg) until stably dyskinetic. l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) were similar in α6L9S and WT mice. WT mice were then given nicotine in the drinking water in gradually increasing doses to a final 300μg/ml, which resulted in a 40% decline AIMs. By contrast, there was no decrease in AIMs in α6L9S mice at a maximally tolerated nicotine dose of 20μg/ml. However, the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1mg/kg ip 30min before l-dopa) reduced l-dopa-induced AIMs in both α6L9S and WT mice. Thus, both a nAChR agonist and antagonist decreased AIMs in WT mice, but only the antagonist was effective in α6L9S mice. Since nicotine appears to reduce LIDs via desensitization, hypersensitive α6β2(∗) nAChRs may desensitize less readily. The present data show that α6β2(∗) nAChRs are key regulators of LIDs, and may be useful therapeutic targets for their management in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M McGregor
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J M McIntosh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - R M Drenan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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van Goethem NP, Schreiber R, Newman-Tancredi A, Varney M, Prickaerts J. Divergent effects of the 'biased' 5-HT1 A receptor agonists F15599 and F13714 in a novel object pattern separation task. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2532-43. [PMID: 25572672 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pattern separation, that is, the formation of distinct representations from similar inputs, is an important hippocampal process implicated in cognitive domains like episodic memory. A deficit in pattern separation could lead to memory impairments in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Hence, mechanisms by which pattern separation can be increased are of potential therapeutic interest. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 5-HT1A receptors are involved in spatial memory. Herein we tested the 'biased' 5-HT1A receptor agonists F15599, which preferentially activates post-synaptic heteroreceptors, and F13714, which preferentially activates raphe-located autoreceptors, in rats in a novel spatial task assessing pattern separation, the object pattern separation (OPS) task. KEY RESULTS The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, which served as a positive control, significantly improved spatial pattern separation at a dose of 1 mg·kg(-1) , p.o. F15599 increased pattern separation at 0.04 mg·kg(-1) , i.p., while F13714 decreased pattern separation at 0.0025 mg·kg(-1) , i.p. The selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (0.63 mg·kg(-1) , s.c.) counteracted the effects of both agonists. These data suggest that acute preferential activation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A heteroreceptors improves spatial pattern separation, whereas acute preferential activation of raphe-located 5-HT1A autoreceptors impairs performance. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We successfully established and validated a novel, simple and robust OPS task and observed a diverging profile of response with 'biased' 5-HT1A receptor agonists based on their targeting of receptors in distinct brain regions. Our data suggest that the post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor consists of a potential novel molecular target to improve pattern separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P van Goethem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Lindenbach D, Palumbo N, Ostock CY, Vilceus N, Conti MM, Bishop C. Side effect profile of 5-HT treatments for Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:119-30. [PMID: 25175895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with L-DOPA eventually causes abnormal involuntary movements known as dyskinesias in most patients. Dyskinesia can be reduced using compounds that act as direct or indirect agonists of the 5-HT1 A receptor, but these drugs have been reported to worsen PD features and are known to produce '5-HT syndrome', symptoms of which include tremor, myoclonus, rigidity and hyper-reflexia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sprague-Dawley rats were given unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine. Each of the following three purportedly anti-dyskinetic 5-HT compounds were administered 15 min before L-DOPA: the full 5-HT1 A agonist ±-8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin (±8-OH-DPAT), the partial 5-HT1 A agonist buspirone or the 5-HT transporter inhibitor citalopram. After these injections, animals were monitored for dyskinesia, 5-HT syndrome, motor activity and PD akinesia. KEY RESULTS Each 5-HT drug dose-dependently reduced dyskinesia by relatively equal amounts (±8-OH-DPAT ≥ citalopram ≥ buspirone), but 5-HT syndrome was higher with ±8-OH-DPAT, lower with buspirone and not present with citalopram. Importantly, with or without L-DOPA, all three compounds provided an additional improvement of PD akinesia. All drugs tempered the locomotor response to L-DOPA suggesting dyskinesia reduction, but vertical rearing was reduced with 5-HT drugs, potentially reflecting features of 5-HT syndrome. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that compounds that indirectly facilitate 5-HT1 A receptor activation, such as citalopram, may be more effective therapeutics than direct 5-HT1 A receptor agonists because they exhibit similar anti-dyskinesia efficacy, while possessing a reduced side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lindenbach
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
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26
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Silkis IG. Mutual influence of serotonin and dopamine on the functioning of the dorsal striatum and motor activity (hypothetical mechanism). NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712414030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Zhang D, McGregor M, Decker MW, Quik M. The α7 nicotinic receptor agonist ABT-107 decreases L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:25-32. [PMID: 25034405 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in Parkinsonian rats and monkeys have shown that β2-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists reduce l-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs), a serious complication of l-Dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Since rodent studies also suggested an involvement of α7 nAChRs in LIDs, we tested the effect of the potent, selective α7 agonist ABT-107 [5-(6-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yloxy] pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole]. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-lesioned monkeys were gavaged with l-Dopa/carbidopa (10 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively) twice daily, which resulted in stable LIDs. A dose-response study (0.03-1.0 mg/kg) showed that oral ABT-107 decreased LIDs by 40-60%. LIDs returned to control levels only after a 6-week ABT-107 washout, suggesting that long-term molecular changes were involved. Subsequent readministration of ABT-107 decreased LIDs by 50-60%, indicating that tolerance did not develop. ABT-107 had no effect on Parkinsonism or cognitive performance. We next tested ABT-107 together with the β2 agonist ABT-894 [(3-(5,6-dichloro-pyridin-3-yl)-1(S),5 (S)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane], previously shown to reduce LIDs in Parkinsonian monkeys. In one study, the monkeys were first given oral ABT-894 (0.01 mg/kg), which maximally decreased LIDs by 50-60%; they were then also treated with 0.1 mg/kg ABT-107, a dose that maximally reduced LIDs. The effect of combined treatment on LIDs was similar to that with either drug alone. Comparable results were observed in a group of monkeys first treated with ABT-107 and then also given ABT-894. Thus, α7 and β2 nAChR-selective drugs may function via a final common mechanism to reduce LIDs. The present results suggest that drugs targeting either α7 or β2 nAChRs may be useful as antidyskinetic agents in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Zhang
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (D.Z., M.M., M.Q.); and AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois (M.W.D.)
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (D.Z., M.M., M.Q.); and AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois (M.W.D.)
| | - Michael W Decker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (D.Z., M.M., M.Q.); and AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois (M.W.D.)
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (D.Z., M.M., M.Q.); and AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois (M.W.D.)
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Abdala AP, Bissonnette JM, Newman-Tancredi A. Pinpointing brainstem mechanisms responsible for autonomic dysfunction in Rett syndrome: therapeutic perspectives for 5-HT1A agonists. Front Physiol 2014; 5:205. [PMID: 24910619 PMCID: PMC4038922 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by loss of function of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Reduced function of this ubiquitous transcriptional regulator has a devastating effect on the central nervous system. One of the most severe and life-threatening presentations of this syndrome is brainstem dysfunction, which results in autonomic disturbances such as breathing deficits, typified by episodes of breathing cessation intercalated with episodes of hyperventilation or irregular breathing. Defects in numerous neurotransmitter systems have been observed in Rett syndrome both in animal models and patients. Here we dedicate special attention to serotonin due to its role in promoting regular breathing, increasing vagal tone, regulating mood, alleviating Parkinsonian-like symptoms and potential for therapeutic translation. A promising new symptomatic strategy currently focuses on regulation of serotonergic function using highly selective serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) “biased agonists.” We address this newly emerging therapy for respiratory brainstem dysfunction and challenges for translation with a holistic perspective of Rett syndrome, considering potential mood and motor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Abdala
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - John M Bissonnette
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
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Hung AY, Schwarzschild MA. Treatment of Parkinson's disease: what's in the non-dopaminergic pipeline? Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:34-46. [PMID: 24310604 PMCID: PMC3899482 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine depletion resulting from degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is the primary neurochemical basis of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While dopaminergic replacement strategies are effective in ameliorating these symptoms early in the disease process, more advanced stages of PD are associated with the development of treatment-related motor complications and dopamine-resistant symptoms. Other neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems are expressed in the basal ganglia and contribute to the extrapyramidal refinement of motor function. Furthermore, neuropathological studies suggest that they are also affected by the neurodegenerative process. These non-dopaminergic systems provide potential targets for treatment of motor fluctuations, levodopa-induced dyskinesias, and difficulty with gait and balance. This review summarizes recent advances in the clinical development of novel pharmacological approaches for treatment of PD motor symptoms. Although the non-dopaminergic pipeline has been slow to yield new drugs, further development will likely result in improved treatments for PD symptoms that are induced by or resistant to dopamine replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Y Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA,
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30
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Brichta L, Greengard P, Flajolet M. Advances in the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease: targeting neurotransmitter systems. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36:543-54. [PMID: 23876424 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, the dopamine precursor levodopa has been the primary therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, not all of the motor and non-motor features of PD can be attributed solely to dopaminergic dysfunction. Recent clinical and preclinical advances provide a basis for the identification of additional innovative therapeutic options to improve the management of the disease. Novel pharmacological strategies must be optimized for PD by: (i) targeting disturbances of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic systems in addition to the dopaminergic system, and (ii) characterizing alterations in the levels of neurotransmitter receptors and transporters that are associated with the various manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Brichta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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31
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The serotonergic system in motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease. Exp Brain Res 2013; 230:463-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Quik M, Campos C, Bordia T, Strachan JP, Zhang J, McIntosh JM, Letchworth S, Jordan K. α4β2 Nicotinic receptors play a role in the nAChR-mediated decline in L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian rats. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71:191-203. [PMID: 23583932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias are a serious long-term side effect of dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease for which there are few treatment options. Our previous studies showed that nicotine decreased l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). Subsequent work with knockout mice demonstrated that α6β2* nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) play a key role. The present experiments were done to determine if α4β2* nAChRs are also involved in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias. To approach this, we took advantage of the finding that α6β2* nAChRs are predominantly present on striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals, while a significant population of α4β2* nAChRs are located on other neurons. Thus, a severe dopaminergic lesion would cause a major loss in α6β2*, but not α4β2* nAChRs. Experiments were therefore done in which rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine, at a dose that led to severe nigrostriatal damage. The dopamine transporter, a dopamine nerve terminal marker, was decreased by >99%. This lesion also decreased striatal α6β2* nAChRs by 97%, while α4β2* nAChRs were reduced by only 12% compared to control. A series of β2* nAChR compounds, including TC-2696, TI-10165, TC-8831, TC-10600 and sazetidine reduced l-dopa-induced AIMs in these rats by 23-32%. TC-2696, TI-10165, TC-8831 were also tested for parkinsonism, with no effect on this behavior. Tolerance did not develop with up to 3 months of treatment. Since α4α5β2 nAChRs are also predominantly on striatal dopamine terminals, these data suggest that drugs targeting α4β2 nAChRs may reduce l-dopa-induced dyskinesias in late stage Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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33
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Parallel dopamine D1 receptor activity dependence of l-Dopa-induced normal movement and dyskinesia in mice. Neuroscience 2013; 236:66-76. [PMID: 23357114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-Dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major clinical problem. The prevailing view is that in PD patients and animal PD models dyskinesia develops after repeated l-dopa use or priming, independent of l-dopa's anti-PD therapeutic effect that occurs immediately. Here we show that in mice with severe and consistent dopamine (DA) loss in the dorsal striatum, rendered by transcription factor Pitx3 null mutation, the very first injection of l-dopa or D1-like agonist SKF81297 induced both normal ambulatory and dyskinetic movements. Furthermore, the robust stimulating effects on normal and dyskinetic movements had an identical time course and parallel dose-response curves. In contrast, D2-like agonist ropinirole stimulated normal and dyskinetic movements relatively modestly. These results demonstrate that severe DA loss in the dorsal striatum sets the stage for dyskinesia to occur on the first exposure to l-dopa or a D1 agonist without any priming. These results also indicate that l-dopa stimulated both normal and dyskinetic movements primarily via D1 receptor activation and that proper D1 agonism is potentially an efficacious therapy for PD motor deficits.
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Huot P, Johnston TH, Koprich JB, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. The Pharmacology of l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:171-222. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Kalia LV, Brotchie JM, Fox SH. Novel nondopaminergic targets for motor features of Parkinson's disease: Review of recent trials. Mov Disord 2012; 28:131-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine V. Kalia
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurology; Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Western Hospital; 399 Bathurst Street Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Susan H. Fox
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease; Toronto Western Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurology; Department of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Li L, Qiu G, Ding S, Zhou FM. Serotonin hyperinnervation and upregulated 5-HT2A receptor expression and motor-stimulating function in nigrostriatal dopamine-deficient Pitx3 mutant mice. Brain Res 2012; 1491:236-50. [PMID: 23159831 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The striatum receives serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) innervation and expresses 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2ARs) and other 5-HT receptors, raising the possibility that the striatal 5-HT system may undergo adaptive changes after chronic severe dopamine (DA) loss and contribute to the function and dysfunction of the striatum. Here we show that in transcription factor Pitx3 gene mutant mice with a selective, severe DA loss in the dorsal striatum mimicking the DA denervation in late Parkinson's disease (PD), both the 5-HT innervation and the 5-HT2AR mRNA expression were increased in the dorsal striatum. Functionally, while having no detectable motor effect in wild type mice, the 5-HT2R agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine increased both the baseline and l-dopa-induced normal ambulatory and dyskinetic movements in Pitx3 mutant mice, whereas the selective 5-HT2AR blocker volinanserin had the opposite effects. These results demonstrate that Pitx3 mutant mice are a convenient and valid mouse model to study the compensatory 5-HT upregulation following the loss of the nigrostriatal DA projection and that the upregulated 5-HT2AR function in the DA deficient dorsal striatum may enhance both normal and dyskinetic movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Quik M, Mallela A, Chin M, McIntosh JM, Perez XA, Bordia T. Nicotine-mediated improvement in L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in MPTP-lesioned monkeys is dependent on dopamine nerve terminal function. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 50:30-41. [PMID: 23009753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L-dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are abnormal involuntary movements that develop with long term L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Studies show that nicotine administration reduced LIDs in several parkinsonian animal models. The present work was done to understand the factors that regulate the nicotine-mediated reduction in LIDs in MPTP-lesioned nonhuman primates. To approach this, we used two groups of monkeys, one with mild-moderate and the other with more severe parkinsonism rendered dyskinetic using L-dopa. In mild-moderately parkinsonian monkeys, nicotine pretreatment (300 μg/ml via drinking water) prevented the development of LIDs by ~75%. This improvement was maintained when the nicotine dose was lowered to 50 μg/ml but was lost with nicotine removal. Nicotine re-exposure again decreased LIDs. By contrast, nicotine treatment did not reduce LIDs in monkeys with more severe parkinsonism. We next determined how nicotine's ability to reduce LIDs correlated with lesion-induced changes in the striatal dopamine transporter and (3)H-dopamine release in these two groups of monkeys. The striatal dopamine transporter was reduced to 54% and 28% of control in mild-moderately and more severely parkinsonian monkeys, respectively. However, basal, K(+), α4β2* and α6β2* nAChR-evoked (3)H-dopamine release were near control levels in striatum of mild-moderately parkinsonian monkeys. By contrast, these same release measures were reduced to a significantly greater extent in striatum of more severely parkinsonian monkeys. Thus, nicotine best improves LIDs in lesioned monkeys in which striatal dopamine transmission is still relatively intact. These data suggest that nicotine treatment would most effectively reduce LIDs in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Riahi G, Morissette M, Lévesque D, Rouillard C, Samadi P, Parent M, Di Paolo T. Effect of chronic l-DOPA treatment on 5-HT(1A) receptors in parkinsonian monkey brain. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1160-71. [PMID: 22940695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After chronic use of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), most Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suffer from its side effects, especially motor complications called l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). 5-HT(1A) agonists were tested to treat LID but many were reported to worsen parkinsonism. In this study, we evaluated changes in concentration of serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and of 5-HT(1A) receptors in control monkeys, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkeys, dyskinetic MPTP monkeys treated chronically with l-DOPA, low dyskinetic MPTP monkeys treated with l-DOPA and drugs of various pharmacological activities: Ro 61-8048 (an inhibitor of kynurenine hydroxylase) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and dyskinetic MPTP monkeys treated with l-DOPA+naltrexone (an opioid receptor antagonist). Striatal serotonin concentrations were reduced in MPTP monkeys compared to controls. Higher striatal 5-HIAA/serotonin concentration ratios in l-DOPA-treated monkeys compared to untreated monkeys suggest an intense activity of serotonin axon terminals but this value was similar in dyskinetic and nondyskinetic animals treated with or without adjunct treatment with l-DOPA. As measured by autoradiography with [(3)H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl) aminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a decrease of 5-HT(1A) receptor specific binding was observed in the posterior/dorsal region of the anterior cingulate gyrus and posterior/ventral area of the superior frontal gyrus of MPTP monkeys compared to controls. An increase of 5-HT(1A) receptor specific binding was observed in the hippocampus of MPTP monkeys treated with l-DOPA regardless to their adjunct treatment. Cortical 5-HT(1A) receptor specific binding was increased in the l-DOPA-treated MPTP monkeys alone or with DHA or naltrexone and this increase was prevented in low dyskinetic MPTP monkeys treated with l-DOPA and Ro 61-8048. These results highlight the importance of 5-HT(1A) receptor alterations in treatment of PD with l-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnasim Riahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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Rylander D. The serotonin system: a potential target for anti-dyskinetic treatments and biomarker discovery. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 18 Suppl 1:S126-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARY The main treatment strategy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is focused on dopamine replacement. However, PD is no longer seen purely as a disease of the dopaminergic system, as the pathological processes involve neurodegeneration and altered neurotransmission of several nondopaminergic systems that are involved in both motor and nonmotor features of the disease. This article reviews current and experimental nondopaminergic pharmacological approaches to treatments for PD with a focus on motor symptoms, treatments of L-dopa-induced motor complications and treatments of nonmotor symptoms including mood disorders, cognition, psychosis and autonomic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Movement Disorder Clinic, MCL7.421, Toronto Western Hospital 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
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Huot P, Fox SH, Brotchie JM. The serotonergic system in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:163-212. [PMID: 21878363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributed to a decline in dopamine levels in the striatum, a breadth of non-motor features and treatment-related complications in which the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role are increasingly recognised. Serotonin (5-HT)-mediated neurotransmission is altered in PD and the roles of the different 5-HT receptor subtypes in disease manifestations have been investigated. The aims of this article are to summarise and discuss all published preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the serotonergic system in PD and related animal models, in order to recapitulate the state of the current knowledge and to identify areas that need further research and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Huot
- Toronto Western Research Institute, MCL 11-419, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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