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Fantini V, Ferrari RR, Bordoni M, Spampinato E, Pandini C, Davin A, Medici V, Gagliardi S, Guaita A, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Poloni TE. Functional analysis and transcriptome profile of meninges and skin fibroblasts from human-aged donors. Cell Prolif 2024:e13627. [PMID: 38421110 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is surrounded by three membranes called meninges. Specialised fibroblasts, originating from the mesoderm and neural crest, primarily populate the meninges and serve as a binding agent. Our goal was to compare fibroblasts from meninges and skin obtained from the same human-aged donors, exploring their molecular and cellular characteristics related to CNS functions. We isolated meningeal fibroblasts (MFs) from brain donors and skin fibroblasts (SFs) from the same subjects. A functional analysis was performed measuring cell appearance, metabolic activity, and cellular orientation. We examined fibronectin, serpin H1, β-III-tubulin, and nestin through qPCR and immunofluorescence. A whole transcriptome analysis was also performed to characterise the gene expression of MFs and SFs. MFs appeared more rapidly in the post-tissue processing, while SFs showed an elevated cellular metabolism and a well-defined cellular orientation. The four markers were mostly similar between the MFs and SFs, except for nestin, more expressed in MFs. Transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences, particularly in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism and response to forskolin, both of which are upregulated in MFs. This study highlights MFs' unique characteristics, including the timing of appearance, metabolic activity, and gene expression patterns, particularly in cAMP metabolism and response to forskolin. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of non-neuronal cells' involvement in CNS activities and potentially open avenues for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fantini
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rocco Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Spampinato
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pandini
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Neurogenetic, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Department of Rehabilitation, ASP Golgi-Redaelli Geriatric Hospital, Abbiategrasso, Italy
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2
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Taskinen JH, Ruhanen H, Matysik S, Käkelä R, Olkkonen VM. Systemwide effects of ER-intracellular membrane contact site disturbance in primary endothelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106349. [PMID: 37321512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) make up a crucial route of inter-organelle non-vesicular transport within the cell. Multiple proteins are involved in this process, which includes the ER-resident proteins vesicle associated membrane protein associated protein A and -B (VAPA/B) that form MCS between the ER and other membrane compartments. Currently most functional data on VAP depleted phenotypes have shown alterations in lipid homeostasis, induction of ER stress, dysfunction of UPR and autophagy, as well as neurodegeneration. Literature on concurrent silencing of VAPA/B is still sparse; therefore, we investigated how it affects the macromolecule pools of primary endothelial cells. Our transcriptomics results showed significant upregulation in genes related to inflammation, ER and Golgi dysfunction, ER stress, cell adhesion, as well as Coat Protein Complex-I and -II (COP-I, COP-II) vesicle transport. Genes related to cellular division were downregulated, as well as key genes of lipid and sterol biosynthesis. Lipidomics analyses revealed reductions in cholesteryl esters, very long chain highly unsaturated and saturated lipids, whereas increases in free cholesterol and relatively short chain unsaturated lipids were evident. Furthermore, the knockdown resulted in an inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro. We speculate that ER MCS depletion has led to multifaceted outcomes, which include elevated ER free cholesterol content and ER stress, alterations in lipid metabolism, ER-Golgi function and vesicle transport, which have led to a reduction in angiogenesis. The silencing also induced an inflammatory response, consistent with upregulation of markers of early atherogenesis. To conclude, ER MCS mediated by VAPA/B play a crucial role in maintaining cholesterol traffic and sustain normal endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso H Taskinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO BOX 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Elhadad S, Redmond D, Tan A, Huang J, Rodriguez BL, Racine-Brzostek SE, Subrahmanian S, Ahamed J, Laurence J. Defibrotide mitigates endothelial cell injury induced by plasmas from patients with COVID-19 and related vasculopathies. Thromb Res 2023; 225:47-56. [PMID: 37001283 PMCID: PMC10033153 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives COVID-19 progression is characterized by systemic small vessel arterial and venous thrombosis. Microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) activation and injury, platelet activation, and histopathologic features characteristic of acute COVID-19 also describe certain thrombotic microangiopathies, including atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)-associated veno-occlusive disease (VOD). We explored the effect of clinically relevant doses of defibrotide, approved for HSCT-associated VOD, on MVEC activation/injury. Methods Human dermal MVEC were exposed to plasmas from patients with acute TMAs or acute COVID-19 in the presence and absence of defibrotide (5 μg/ml) and caspase 8, a marker of EC activation and apoptosis, was assessed. RNAseq was used to explore potential mechanisms of defibrotide activity. Results Defibrotide suppressed TMA plasma-induced caspase 8 activation in MVEC (mean 60.2 % inhibition for COVID-19; p = 0.0008). RNAseq identified six major cellular pathways associated with defibrotide's alteration of COVID-19-associated MVEC changes: TNF-α signaling; IL-17 signaling; extracellular matrix (ECM)-EC receptor and platelet receptor interactions; ECM formation; endothelin activity; and fibrosis. Communications across these pathways were revealed by STRING analyses. Forty transcripts showing the greatest changes induced by defibrotide in COVID-19 plasma/MVEC cultures included: claudin 14 and F11R (JAM), important in maintaining EC tight junctions; SOCS3 and TNFRSF18, involved in suppression of inflammation; RAMP3 and transgelin, which promote angiogenesis; and RGS5, which regulates caspase activation and apoptosis. Conclusion Our data, in the context of a recent clinical trial in severe COVID-19, suggest benefits to further exploration of defibrotide and these pathways in COVID-19 and related endotheliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Elhadad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute fort Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, United States of America
| | - Adrian Tan
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jenny Huang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute fort Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Lorenzo Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Sandeep Subrahmanian
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Laurence
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
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The Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) D16F7 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Melanoma Adhesion to Soluble VEGFR-1 and Tissue Invasion in Response to Placenta Growth Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225578. [PMID: 36428669 PMCID: PMC9688925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family involved in tumor-associated angiogenesis and melanoma invasion of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) through activation of membrane VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1). A soluble VEGFR-1 (sVEGFR-1) form is released in the ECM, where it sequesters proangiogenic factors and stimulates endothelial or tumor cell adhesion and chemotaxis through interaction with α5β1 integrin. The anti-VEGFR-1 monoclonal antibody (D16F7 mAb) inhibits VEGF-A or PlGF-mediated signal transduction without affecting ligand interaction, thus preserving sVEGFR-1 decoy function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether D16F7 mAb hampers melanoma spread by in vitro analysis of cell adhesion to sVEGFR-1, ECM invasion, transmigration through an endothelial cell monolayer and in vivo evaluation of tumor infiltrative potential in a syngeneic murine model. Results indicate that D16F7 mAb significantly inhibits melanoma adhesion to sVEGFR-1 and ECM invasion, as well as transmigration in response to PlGF. Moreover, treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with the anti-VEGFR-1 mAb not only inhibits tumor growth but also induces a significant reduction in bone infiltration associated with a decrease in PlGF-positive melanoma cells. Furthermore, D16F7 mAb reduces PlGF production by melanoma cells. Therefore, blockade of PLGF/VEGFR-1 signaling represents a suitable strategy to counteract the metastatic potential of melanoma.
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5
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GITR/GITRL reverse signalling modulates the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells by recruiting ANXA2 to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and Akt. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:297. [PMID: 35379781 PMCID: PMC8979965 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHepatic stem/progenitor cells are the major cell compartment for tissue repair when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised in chronic liver diseases, but the expansion of these cells increases the risk of carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is essential to explore the pathways restricting their expansion and abnormal transformation. The ligand of glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITRL) showed the most highly increased expression in hepatic progenitor cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. If overexpressed by hepatic progenitor cells, GITRL stimulated cell proliferation by activating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway and enhancing ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation via GITRL binding to ANXA2. However, GITR, the specific GITRL receptor, suppressed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway of GITRL-expressing cells and decreased their growth by dissociating ANXA2 from GITRL and reducing downstream ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. This study identifies GITR/GITRL reverse signalling as a cross-interaction pathway between immune cells and hepatic stem/progenitor cells that restricts the expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and reduces the possibility of carcinogenesis.
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Bosmans LA, Shami A, Atzler D, Weber C, Gonçalves I, Lutgens E. Glucocorticoid induced TNF receptor family-related protein (GITR) - A novel driver of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 139:106884. [PMID: 34102305 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven, chronic inflammatory disease. In spite of efficient lipid lowering treatments, such as statins and PCSK9 inhibitors, patients, especially those with elevated inflammatory biomarkers, still have a significant residual cardiovascular disease risk. Novel drugs targeting inflammatory mediators are needed to further reduce this residual risk. Agonistic immune checkpoint proteins, including CD86, CD40L and CD40, have been shown to be drivers of atherosclerosis. Recently, glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR), a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint protein, was identified to be pivotal in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular patients have elevated soluble GITR plasma levels compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, in human carotid endarterectomy plaques, GITR expression was higher in plaques from symptomatic compared to asymptomatic patients and correlated with features of plaque vulnerability. Moreover, depleting GITR reduced atherosclerotic plaque development in mice. GITR-deficient monocytes and macrophages exhibited less inflammatory potential and reduced migratory capacity. In this review, we discuss GITR's effects on various immune cells, mechanisms, signalling pathways and finally GITR's potential as a novel drug target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Shami A, Atzler D, Bosmans LA, Winkels H, Meiler S, Lacy M, van Tiel C, Ta Megens R, Nitz K, Baardman J, Kusters P, Seijkens T, Buerger C, Janjic A, Riccardi C, Edsfeldt A, Monaco C, Daemen M, de Winther MPJ, Nilsson J, Weber C, Gerdes N, Gonçalves I, Lutgens E. Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR) drives atherosclerosis in mice and is associated with an unstable plaque phenotype and cerebrovascular events in humans. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2938-2948. [PMID: 32728688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS GITR-a co-stimulatory immune checkpoint protein-is known for both its activating and regulating effects on T-cells. As atherosclerosis bears features of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, we investigated the relevance of GITR in cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS GITR expression was elevated in carotid endarterectomy specimens obtained from patients with cerebrovascular events (n = 100) compared to asymptomatic patients (n = 93) and correlated with parameters of plaque vulnerability, including plaque macrophage, lipid and glycophorin A content, and levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and C-C-chemokine ligand 2. Soluble GITR levels were elevated in plasma from subjects with CVD compared to healthy controls. Plaque area in 28-week-old Gitr-/-Apoe-/- mice was reduced, and plaques had a favourable phenotype with less macrophages, a smaller necrotic core and a thicker fibrous cap. GITR deficiency did not affect the lymphoid population. RNA sequencing of Gitr-/-Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- monocytes and macrophages revealed altered pathways of cell migration, activation, and mitochondrial function. Indeed, Gitr-/-Apoe-/- monocytes displayed decreased integrin levels, reduced recruitment to endothelium, and produced less reactive oxygen species. Likewise, GITR-deficient macrophages produced less cytokines and had a reduced migratory capacity. CONCLUSION Our data reveal a novel role for the immune checkpoint GITR in driving myeloid cell recruitment and activation in atherosclerosis, thereby inducing plaque growth and vulnerability. In humans, elevated GITR expression in carotid plaques is associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype and adverse cerebrovascular events. GITR has the potential to become a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis as it reduces myeloid cell recruitment to the arterial wall and impedes atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Shami
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,Department of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Svenja Meiler
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Michael Lacy
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia van Tiel
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Ta Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Nitz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Kusters
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Seijkens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Buerger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Janjic
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mat Daemen
- Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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8
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Gao J, Wang S, Liu S. The involvement of protein TNFSF18 in promoting p-STAT1 phosphorylation to induce coronary microcirculation disturbance in atherosclerotic mouse model. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:115-122. [PMID: 32820830 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation of coronary endothelium was critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to reveal the roles of TNFSF18 in promoting p-STAT1 phosphorylation to induce disturbance of coronary microcirculation in atherosclerotic mouse model. This study was dividedly transfected TNFSF18 inhibitor, small interfering-TNFSF18 plasmid (si-TNFSF18) and a blank vector plasmid into atherosclerotic mouse model. Results showed that the coronary vascular lumen was narrowed and crescent plaques were adhered to the coronary vessel wall in atherosclerotic mouse model. However, the accumulation of microthrombus in coronary artery and vascular crescent plaques were evidently reduced with the antagonistic TNFSF18. Besides, the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, TNF-β and IL-1β were abundant in mouse model, and TNFSF18 inhibition decreased the secretion of cytokines. Meanwhile, the amount of Th1 cells were also reduced after transfected with TNFSF18 inhibitor and si-TNFSF18 plasmid compared with the mouse model transfected with blank vector plasmid. Moreover, the protein TNFSF18 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm and p-STAT1 was located in cell nucleus of the mouse model coronary vascular tissues. Consistently, the proteins TNFSF18, p-STAT1, VCAM1, ICAM1, ITGAD and ITGB3 were significantly expressed in atherosclerotic mouse model, while antagonistic TNFSF18, conversely, decreased the proteins' expression. Taken together, this study indicated that the coronary endothelial inflammation triggered TNFSF18 expression, which promoted p-STAT1 phosphorylation to activate the proteins VCAM1, ICAM1, ITGAD and ITGB3, thus exacerbating coronary microcirculation disorder in atherosclerotic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Shilei Liu
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
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9
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Gericke C, Mallone A, Engelhardt B, Nitsch RM, Ferretti MT. Oligomeric Forms of Human Amyloid-Beta(1-42) Inhibit Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1029. [PMID: 32582162 PMCID: PMC7290131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, clinical, biochemical and histochemical data indicate a crucial involvement of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but harnessing the immune system to cure or prevent AD has so far proven difficult. Clarifying the cellular heterogeneity and signaling pathways associated with the presence of the AD hallmarks beta-amyloid and tau in the brain, would help to identify potential targets for therapy. While much attention has been so far devoted to microglia and their homeostatic phagocytic activity, additional cell types and immune functions might be affected in AD. Beyond microglia localized in the brain parenchyma, additional antigen-presenting cell (APC) types might be affected by beta-amyloid toxicity. Here, we investigated potential immunomodulatory properties of oligomeric species of beta-amyloid-peptide (Aβ) on microglia and putative APCs. We performed a comprehensive characterization of time- and pathology-dependent APC and T-cell alterations in a model of AD-like brain beta-amyloidosis, the APP-PS1-dE9 mouse model. We show that the deposition of first beta-amyloid plaques is accompanied by a significant reduction in MHC class II surface levels on brain APCs. Furthermore, taking advantage of customized in vitro systems and RNAseq, we demonstrate that a preparation containing various forms of oligomeric Aβ1-42 inhibits antigen presentation by altering the transcription of key immune mediators in dendritic cells. These results suggest that, beyond their neurotoxic effects, certain oligomeric Aβ forms can act as immunomodulatory agents on cerebral APCs and interfere with brain antigen presentation. Impaired brain immune surveillance might be one of the factors that facilitate Aβ and tau spreading in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gericke
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Mallone
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maria Teresa Ferretti
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine - IREM, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Narumi K, Miyakawa R, Shibasaki C, Henmi M, Mizoguchi Y, Ueda R, Hashimoto H, Hiraoka N, Yoshida T, Aoki K. Local Administration of GITR Agonistic Antibody Induces a Stronger Antitumor Immunity than Systemic Delivery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5562. [PMID: 30944344 PMCID: PMC6447616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An anti-glucocorticoid induced TNF receptor (GITR) agonistic antibody (Ab) induces an antitumor immunity with both stimulation of effector T cells and inhibition of regulatory T cell activity. To enhance GITR Ab-mediated tumor immunity, we focused on the intratumoral route, since a tumor-localized high concentration of Ab would confer activation of only tumor-infiltrating T cells. First, in a murine colon cancer model, we showed that the intratumoral delivery of Ab significantly increased the number of effector T cells infiltrated into tumors, and suppressed tumor growth more effectively than the intraperitoneal and intravenous injections did. Then, we found that the injection of Ab into the peritumoral area induced a systemic antitumor immunity at a similar level to the intratumoral injection. Therefore, we hypothesized that the transfer of locally administrated Ab into tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) plays an important role in inducing an effective immunity. In fact, intratumorally or peritumorally injected Ab was detected in TDLNs, and resection of Ab-injected TDLNs significantly reduced GITR Ab-mediated systemic tumor immunity. Intratumoral injection showed less number of auto-reactive T cells in the spleen than the intraperitoneal injection did. Intratumoral delivery of GITR Ab is a promising approach to induce an effective immunity compared to the systemic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Narumi
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Reina Miyakawa
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shibasaki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Marina Henmi
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ueda
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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11
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Intestinal Perforation in ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9721781. [PMID: 31001560 PMCID: PMC6436364 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9721781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked systemic glucocorticoid use with intestinal perforation. However, the association between intestinal perforation and endogenous hypercortisolism has not been well described, with only 14 previously published case reports. In this study, we investigated if intestinal perforation occurred more frequently in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome and in those with a greater than 10-fold elevation of 24-hour urinary free cortisol level. Of 110 patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome followed in two clinics in Canada, six cases with intestinal perforation were identified over 15 years. Age of patients ranged from 52 to 72, five females and one male, four with Cushing's disease and two with ectopic ACTH production, one from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and one from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Five had diverticular perforation and one had intestinal perforation from a stercoral ulcer. All cases had their lower intestinal perforation when the cortisol production was high, and one patient had diverticular perforation 15 months prior to the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. As in previously reported cases, most had hypokalemia and abdominal pain with minimal or no peritoneal symptoms and this occurred during the active phase of Cushing's syndrome. Whereas all previously reported cases occurred in patients with 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels greater than 10-fold the upper limit of normal when measured and 11 of 14 patients had ectopic ACTH production, only one of our patients had this degree of hypercortisolism and four of our six patients had Cushing's disease. Similar to exogenous steroid use, patients with endogenous hypercortisolism also have a higher risk of intestinal, in particular diverticular, perforation and should be monitored closely for its occurrence with a low threshold for investigation and surgical intervention. Elective colonoscopy probably should be deferred until Cushing's syndrome is under control.
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12
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Lee WH, Seo D, Lim SG, Suk K. Reverse Signaling of Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Proteins in Macrophages and Microglia: Superfamily Portrait in the Neuroimmune Interface. Front Immunol 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30838001 PMCID: PMC6389649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins commonly containing the TNF homology domain. The superfamily contains more than 20 protein members, which can be released from the cell membrane by proteolytic cleavage. Members of the TNFSF function as cytokines and regulate diverse biological processes, including immune responses, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and embryogenesis, by binding to TNFSF receptors. Many TNFSF proteins are also known to be responsible for the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. Both receptor-mediated forward signaling and ligand-mediated reverse signaling play important roles in these processes. In this review, we discuss the functional expression and roles of various reverse signaling molecules and pathways of TNFSF members in macrophages and microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). A thorough understanding of the roles of TNFSF ligands and receptors in the activation of macrophages and microglia may improve the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the brain and periphery. In particular, TNFSF reverse signaling in microglia can be exploited to gain further insights into the functions of the neuroimmune interface in physiological and pathological processes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ha Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Donggun Seo
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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13
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Riccardi C, Ronchetti S, Nocentini G. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene (GITR) as a therapeutic target for immunotherapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:783-797. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1512588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Guo J, Zhang H, Xia J, Hou J, Wang Y, Yang T, Wang S, Zhang X, Chen X, Wu X. Interleukin-1β induces intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, thus enhancing the adhesion between mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1976-1982. [PMID: 29393395 PMCID: PMC5810197 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are an important component of stem-cell niches, which are able to promote the self-renewal and pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The biological functions of these two cell types is dependent on adhesion, and the adhesion between MSCs and EPCs is important due to their critical role in neovascularization and bone regeneration in tissue engineering. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, also known as cluster of differentiation 54), is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, which functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive interactions. Compared with other adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 is expressed in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and can mediate adhesive interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the importance of ICAM-1 in the adhesion of MSCs and EPCs, and demonstrated that adhesion between these cells could be regulated by interleukin (IL)-1β via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, the results confirmed that ICAM-1 served a critical role in regulation of adhesion between MSCs and EPCs. ELISA, cell immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and adhesion assay were used to confirm our theory from phenomenon to essence. The present study provided evidence to support and explain the adhesion between MSCs and EPCs. Furthermore, the present findings provide a theoretical basis for further stem-cell niche transplantation to increase understanding of the function of MSCs and the crosstalk between MSCs and EPCs in the stem-cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Jixue Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Xuyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Xuelin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
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15
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Reprogramming of pro-inflammatory human macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by bile acids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:255. [PMID: 29321478 PMCID: PMC5762890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is caused by autoimmune reactions, drug-induced hepatotoxicity, viral infections of the liver and the obstruction of bile ducts by tumours or gallstones. Cholestatic conditions are associated with impaired innate and adaptive immunity, including alterations of the cellular functions of monocytes, macrophages, NK cells and T-cells. Bile acids act as signalling molecules, affecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine expression in primary human macrophages. The present manuscript investigates the impact of bile acids, such as taurolithocholic acid (TLC), on the transcriptome of human macrophages in the presence or absence of LPS. While TLC itself has almost no effect on gene expression under control conditions, this compound modulates the expression of 202 out of 865 transcripts in the presence of LPS. Interestingly, pathway analysis revealed that TLC specifically supressed the expression of genes involved in mediating pro-inflammatory effects, phagocytosis, interactions with pathogens and autophagy as well as the recruitment of immune cells, such as NK cells, neutrophils and T cells. These data indicate a broad influence of bile acids on inflammatory responses and immune functions in macrophages. These findings may contribute to the clinical observation that patients with cholestasis present a lack of response to bacterial or viral infections.
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16
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Zhang M, Zhang F, Sun J, Sun Y, Xu L, Zhang D, Wang Z, He W. The condition medium of mesenchymal stem cells promotes proliferation, adhesion and neuronal differentiation of retinal progenitor cells. Neurosci Lett 2017; 657:62-68. [PMID: 28774569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinal progenitor cell is a promising candidate in the treatment of retinal pigmentosa diseases. The limiting factors of stem cell transplantation are the proliferation and differentiation capacities of hRPCs, which may be governed by culture conditions. Previous studies have proved that the secretome of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and human Adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs), including more active cytokines and neurotrophic factors, have the paracrine potential of enhancing proliferation and differentiation in several cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hRPCs could effectively proliferate, adhere and differentiate towards specific retinal cell types by treating with the condition medium (CM) of hUCMSCs (hUCMSCCM) or hADSCs (hADSCCM). Here, we show that hUCMSCCM or hADSCCM enhances the proliferation rate of the S and G2 phase cells, with an upregulation of Ki67 expression. Moreover, the upregulation expression of NF, Recoverin and Rhodopsin indicates that specialized retinal cells including ganglion cells and photoreceptors are favored over hRPCs differentiation due to hUCMSCCM or hADSCCM. Under FBS induced differentiation conditions, hRPCs treated with hUCMSCCM or hADSCCM increase the expression of retinal neuron and photoreceptor specific markers. These results suggest that hUCMSCCM and hADSCCM can stimulate the hRPC proliferation, promote its adherence and support hRPC neuronal and photoreceptor differentiation. These findings may provide a new strategy to improve the viability of hRPCs and photoreceptor differentiation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, HE Eye Hospital of HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Clinical Research Center, HE Eye Hospital of HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Clinical Research Center, HE Eye Hospital of HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoshi Wang
- Clinical Research Center, HE Eye Hospital of HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei He
- College of Basic Medicine, HE University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Belmar NA, Chan SW, Fox MI, Samayoa JA, Stickler MM, Tran NN, Akamatsu Y, Hollenbaugh D, Harding FA, Alvarez HM. Murinization and H Chain Isotype Matching of the Anti-GITR Antibody DTA-1 Reduces Immunogenicity-Mediated Anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4502-4512. [PMID: 28446565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immuno-oncology have shown that the immune system can be activated to induce long-term, durable antitumor responses. For immuno-oncology drug development, immune activation is often explored using rat Abs in immunocompetent mouse models. Although these models can be used to show efficacy, antidrug immune responses to experimental protein-based therapeutics can arise. Immunogenicity of surrogate Abs may therefore represent an important obstacle to the evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of immunomodulator Abs in syngeneic models. A recent publication has shown that anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein agonistic Ab DTA-1 (rat or murinized IgG2a) can induce the development of anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice upon repeated i.p. dosing because of an anti-idiotypic anti-drug Ab immune response. This study was undertaken to address the impact of the immunogenicity derived from the Fc and variable domains. To this end, chimerized (rat V domains/mouse constant regions) and murinized (95% mouse sequence) DTA-1-based surrogate Abs with a murine IgG2c H chain isotype were created. Chimerization and murinization of DTA-1 did not affect receptor binding and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein-induced T cell agonistic properties. Similar in vivo antitumor efficacy and intratumoral CD8+/regulatory T cells were also observed. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with the chimerized and murinized DTA-1 Abs on a C57BL/6-matched IgG2c isotype resulted in reduced development and severity of anaphylaxis as measured by decline of body temperature, behavioral effects, serum IL-4, IgE, and anti-drug Ab levels. These results suggest that careful murinization and selection of a strain-matched H chain isotype are critical to generate ideal surrogate Abs for testing immuno-oncology mechanisms in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Belmar
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Sarah W Chan
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Melvin I Fox
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Josue A Samayoa
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Marcia M Stickler
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Ninian N Tran
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Yoshiko Akamatsu
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Diane Hollenbaugh
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Fiona A Harding
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Hamsell M Alvarez
- Oncology Biologics Department, AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063
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18
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The macrophage contribution to stress erythropoiesis: when less is enough. Blood 2016; 128:1756-65. [PMID: 27543439 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-714527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of native bone marrow and spleen macrophages in enhancing baseline and stress erythropoiesis has been emphasized over several decades, their kinetic and phenotypic changes during a variety of stress responses have been unclear. Furthermore, whether monocyte-derived recruited macrophages can functionally substitute for inadequate or functionally impaired native macrophages has been controversial and seem to be not only tissue- but also stress-type dependent. To provide further insight into these issues, we made detailed observations at baseline and post-erythroid stress (E-stress) in 2 mouse models with genetically depressed macrophage numbers and compared them to their controls. We documented that, irrespective of the stress-induced (hemolytic or post-erythropoietin [Epo]) treatment, only native CD11b(lo) splenic macrophages expand dramatically post-stress in normal mice without significant changes in the monocyte-derived CD11b(hi) subset. The latter remained a minority and did not change post-stress in 2 genetic models lacking either Spi-C or VCAM-1 with impaired native macrophage proliferative expansion. Although CD11b(lo) macrophages in these mice were one-fifth of normal at their peak response, surprisingly, their erythroid response was not compromised and was similar to controls. Thus, despite the prior emphasis on numerical macrophage reliance to provide functional rescue from E-stress, our data highlight the importance of previously described non-macrophage-dependent pathways activated under certain stress conditions to compensate for low macrophage numbers.
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19
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Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor-related protein: a key marker of functional regulatory T cells. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:171520. [PMID: 25961057 PMCID: PMC4413981 DOI: 10.1155/2015/171520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR, TNFRSF18, and CD357) is expressed at high levels in activated T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this review, we present data from mouse and human studies suggesting that GITR is a crucial player in the differentiation of thymic Tregs (tTregs), and expansion of both tTregs and peripheral Tregs (pTregs). The role of GITR in Treg expansion is confirmed by the association of GITR expression with markers of memory T cells. In this context, it is not surprising that GITR appears to be a marker of active Tregs, as suggested by the association of GITR expression with other markers of Treg activation or cytokines with suppressive activity (e.g., IL-10 and TGF-β), the presence of GITR(+) cells in tissues where Tregs are active (e.g., solid tumours), or functional studies on Tregs. Furthermore, some Treg subsets including Tr1 cells express either low or no classical Treg markers (e.g., FoxP3 and CD25) and do express GITR. Therefore, when evaluating changes in the number of Tregs in human diseases, GITR expression must be evaluated. Moreover, GITR should be considered as a marker for isolating Tregs.
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20
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GITR promoter polymorphism contributes to risk of coal workers' pneumoconiosis: a case-control study from China. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:210-6. [PMID: 25445616 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-related protein (GITR) mainly affects the functions of effector T cells and regulatory T cells thus it may influence various diseases. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a serious occupational disease worldwide. In the present study, we examined the association between the functional polymorphisms in GITR and risk of CWP in a Chinese population. METHODS An association study analyzing three polymorphisms (rs3753348, rs2298213, and rs11466668) in GITR were performed in a case-control study including 693 patients with CWP and 690 controls. Genotyping was carried out by Taqman method. RESULTS The GITR rs3753348 GG/GC genotypes significantly enhanced the risk of CWP (adjusted OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.02-1.71), compared with the CC genotype, particularly among subgroups of long exposure years (adjusted OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.06-2.04) and non-smokers (adjusted OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.01-2.09). Moreover, the polymorphism was significantly associated with risk for CWP cases with stage II. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report revealing an association between the GITR rs3753348 polymorphism and CWP, and our results suggest that the GITR rs3753348 polymorphism may be involved in the development and susceptibility of CWP.
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21
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Schaer DA, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Wolchok JD. Targeting tumor-necrosis factor receptor pathways for tumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2014; 2:7. [PMID: 24855562 PMCID: PMC4030310 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the success of ipilimumab and promise of programmed death-1 pathway-targeted agents, the field of tumor immunotherapy is expanding rapidly. Newer targets for clinical development include select members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Agonist antibodies to these co-stimulatory molecules target both T and B cells, modulating T-cell activation and enhancing immune responses. In vitro and in vivo preclinical data have provided the basis for continued development of 4-1BB, OX40, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene, herpes virus entry mediator, and CD27 as potential therapies for patients with cancer. In this review, we summarize the immune response to tumors, consider preclinical and early clinical data on select TNFR family members, discuss potential translational challenges and suggest possible combination therapies with the aim of inducing durable antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Schaer
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Current address: Department of Cancer Immunobiology, ImClone Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Hirschhorn-Cymerman
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Swim Across America Laboratory, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Collaborative Lab, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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22
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Clouthier DL, Watts TH. Cell-specific and context-dependent effects of GITR in cancer, autoimmunity, and infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Liao G, O'Keeffe MS, Wang G, van Driel B, de Waal Malefyt R, Reinecker HC, Herzog RW, Terhorst C. Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor Family-Related Protein Ligand is Requisite for Optimal Functioning of Regulatory CD4(+) T Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:35. [PMID: 24550919 PMCID: PMC3909995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (TNFRSF18, CD357) is constitutively expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is inducible on effector T cells. In this report, we examine the role of glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein ligand (GITR-L), which is expressed by antigen presenting cells, on the development and expansion of Tregs. We found that GITR-L is dispensable for the development of naturally occurring FoxP3+ Treg cells in the thymus. However, the expansion of Treg in GITR-L−/− mice is impaired after injection of the dendritic cells (DCs) inducing factor Flt3 ligand. Furthermore, DCs from the liver of GITR-L−/− mice were less efficient in inducing proliferation of antigen-specific Treg cells in vitro than the same cells from WT littermates. Upon gene transfer of ovalbumin into hepatocytes of GITR-L−/−FoxP3(GFP) reporter mice using adeno-associated virus (AAV8-OVA) the number of antigen-specific Treg in liver and spleen is reduced. The reduced number of Tregs resulted in an increase in the number of ovalbumin specific CD8+ T effector cells. This is highly significant because proliferation of antigen-specific CD8+ cells itself is dependent on the presence of GITR-L, as shown by in vitro experiments and by adoptive transfers into GITR-L−/−Rag−/− and Rag−/− mice that had received AAV8-OVA. Surprisingly, administering αCD3 significantly reduced the numbers of FoxP3+ Treg cells in the liver and spleen of GITR-L−/− but not WT mice. Because soluble Fc-GITR-L partially rescues αCD3 induced in vitro depletion of the CD103+ subset of FoxP3+CD4+ Treg cells, we conclude that expression of GITR-L by antigen presenting cells is requisite for optimal Treg-mediated regulation of immune responses including those in response during gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxian Liao
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Michael S O'Keeffe
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Boaz van Driel
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | | | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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Liao G, van Driel B, Magelky E, O'Keeffe MS, de Waal Malefyt R, Engel P, Herzog RW, Mizoguchi E, Bhan AK, Terhorst C. Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein ligand regulates the migration of monocytes to the inflamed intestine. FASEB J 2013; 28:474-84. [PMID: 24107315 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein (GITR) regulates the function of both T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), while the function of GITR ligand (GITR-L) is largely unknown. Here we evaluate the role of GITR-L, whose expression is restricted to APCs, in the development of enterocolitis. On injecting naive CD4(+) T cells, GITR-L(-/-)Rag(-/-) mice develop a markedly milder colitis than Rag(-/-) mice, which correlates with a 50% reduction of Ly6C(+)CD11b(+)MHCII(+) macrophages in the lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes. The same result was observed in αCD40-induced acute colitis and during peritonitis, suggesting an altered monocyte migration. In line with these observations, the number of nondifferentiated monocytes was approximately 3-fold higher in the spleen of GITR-L(-/-)Rag(-/-) mice than in Rag(-/-) mice after αCD40 induction. Consistent with the dynamic change in the formation of an active angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) dimer in GITR-L(-/-) splenic monocytes during intestinal inflammation, the migratory capability of splenic monocytes from GITR-L-deficient mice was impaired in an in vitro transwell migration assay. Conversely, αGITR-L reduces the number of splenic Ly6C(hi) monocytes, concomitantly with an increase in AT1 dimers. We conclude that GITR-L regulates the number of proinflammatory macrophages in sites of inflammation by controlling the egress of monocytes from the splenic reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxian Liao
- 1Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS-928, Boston, MA 02115, USA. G.L.,
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