1
|
Nieto CT, Manchado A, Belda L, Diez D, Garrido NM. 2-Phenethylamines in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020855. [PMID: 36677913 PMCID: PMC9864394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A concise review covering updated presence and role of 2-phenethylamines in medicinal chemistry is presented. Open-chain, flexible alicyclic amine derivatives of this motif are enumerated in key therapeutic targets, listing medicinal chemistry hits and appealing screening compounds. Latest reports in discovering new bioactive 2-phenethylamines by research groups are covered too.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rancati F, Linney ID, Rizzi A, Delcanale M, Knight CK, Schmidt W, Pastore F, Riccardi B, Mileo V, Carnini C, Cesari N, Blackaby WP, Patacchini R, Carzaniga L. Discovery of a novel class of inhaled dual pharmacology muscarinic antagonist and β 2 agonist (MABA) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127975. [PMID: 33753262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The targeting of both the muscarinic and β-adrenergic pathways is a well validated therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this communication we report our effort to incorporate two pharmacologies into a single chemical entity, whose characteristic must be suitable for a once daily inhaled administration. Contextually, we aimed at a locally acting therapy with limited systemic absorption to minimize side effects. Our lung-tailored design of bifunctional compounds that combine the muscarinic and β-adrenergic pharmacologies by the elaboration of the muscarinic inhibitor 7, successfully led to the potent, pharmacologically balanced muscarinic antagonist and β2 agonist (MABA) 13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rancati
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Ian D Linney
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delcanale
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Chris K Knight
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fiorella Pastore
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Riccardi
- Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Mileo
- Analytics and Early Formulation Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Carnini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Cesari
- Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Wesley P Blackaby
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Charles River Laboratories, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Project Leader, Corporate Drug Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Carzaniga
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burkes RM, Panos RJ. Ultra Long-Acting β-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:589-602. [PMID: 33364854 PMCID: PMC7751789 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s259328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhaled β-agonists have been foundational medications for maintenance COPD management for decades. Through activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways, these agents relax airway smooth muscle and improve expiratory airflow by relieving bronchospasm and alleviating air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation improving breathlessness, exertional capabilities, and quality of life. β-agonist drug development has discovered drugs with increasing longer durations of action: short acting (SABA) (4-6 h), long acting (LABA) (6-12 h), and ultra-long acting (ULABA) (24 h). Three ULABAs, indacaterol, olodaterol, and vilanterol, are approved for clinical treatment of COPD. Purpose This article reviews both clinically approved ULABAs and ULABAs in development. Conclusion Indacaterol and olodaterol were originally approved for clinical use as monotherapies for COPD. Vilanterol is the first ULABA to be approved only in combination with other respiratory medications. Although there are many other ULABA's in various stages of development, most clinical testing of these novel agents is suspended or proceeding slowly. The three approved ULABAs are being combined with antimuscarinic agents and corticosteroids as dual and triple agent treatments that are being tested for clinical use and efficacy. Increasingly, these clinical trials are using specific COPD clinical characteristics to define study populations and to begin to develop therapies that are trait-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burkes
- University of Cincinnati Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph J Panos
- University of Cincinnati Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ora J, Coppola A, Cazzola M, Calzetta L, Rogliani P. Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists Under Investigational to Treat Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:559-574. [PMID: 33324119 PMCID: PMC7733406 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s259330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bronchodilators are the cornerstone of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) as a mono or combination treatment play a pivotal role. Several LAMAs are already available on the market in different formulations, but developing a new compound with a higher M3 receptor selectivity and a lower affinity to M2 receptors to increase the therapeutic effect and minimize the adverse effects is still a goal. Moreover, new formulations could improve adherence to therapy. Areas Covered This systematic review assesses investigational long-acting muscarinic antagonist in Phase I and II clinical trials over the last decade. It offers insights on whether LAMAs and/or their new formulations in clinical development can become effective treatments for COPD in the future. Expert Opinion Research on LAMA seems to have come to a standstill, the few new molecules under study do not show distinctive characteristics compared to the previous ones. Muscarinic antagonist/β2-agonist (MABAs) appear to be the major innovation currently under investigation, and they could theoretically open new research frontiers on the effect between adrenergic and muscarinic interaction in the same cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Coppola
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aparici M, Carcasona C, Ramos I, Montero JL, Otal R, Ortiz JL, Cortijo J, Puig C, Vilella D, De Alba J, Doe C, Gavaldà A, Miralpeix M. Pharmacological Profile of AZD8871 (LAS191351), a Novel Inhaled Dual M 3 Receptor Antagonist/ β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Molecule with Long-Lasting Effects and Favorable Safety Profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:127-136. [PMID: 31085697 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.255620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AZD8871 is a novel muscarinic antagonist and β 2-adrenoceptor agonist in development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study describes the pharmacological profile of AZD8871 in in vitro and in vivo assays. AZD8871 is potent at the human M3 receptor (pIC50 in binding assays: 9.5) and shows kinetic selectivity for the M3 (half-life: 4.97 hours) over the M2 receptor (half-life: 0.46 hour). It is selective for the β 2-adrenoceptor over the β 1 and β 3 subtypes (3- and 6-fold, respectively) and shows dual antimuscarinic and β 2-adrenoceptor functional activity in isolated guinea pig tissue (pIC50 in electrically stimulated trachea: 8.6; pEC50 in spontaneous tone isolated trachea: 8.8, respectively), which are sustained over time. AZD8871 exhibits a higher muscarinic component than batefenterol in human bronchi, with a shift in potency under propranolol blockade of 2- and 6-fold, respectively, together with a persisting relaxation (5.3% recovery at 8 hours). Nebulized AZD8871 prevents acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction in both guinea pig and dog with minimal effects on salivation and heart rate at doses with bronchoprotective activity. Moreover, AZD8871 shows long-lasting effects in dog, with a bronchoprotective half-life longer than 24 hours. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that AZD8871 is a dual-acting molecule with a high muscarinic component and a long residence time at the M3 receptor; moreover, its preclinical profile in animal models suggests a once-daily dosing in humans and a favorable safety profile. Thus, AZD8871 has the potential to be a next generation of inhaled bronchodilators in respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Aparici
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Carla Carcasona
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Israel Ramos
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - José Luís Montero
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Raquel Otal
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - José Luís Ortiz
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Carlos Puig
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Dolors Vilella
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Jorge De Alba
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Chris Doe
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Amadeu Gavaldà
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| | - Montserrat Miralpeix
- Almirall, Research & Development Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (M.A., C.C., I.R., J.L.M., R.O., C.P., D.V., J.D.A., C.D., A.G., M.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (J.L.O., J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Milara J, Contreras S, de Diego A, Calbet M, Aparici M, Morcillo E, Miralpeix M, Cortijo J. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of AZD8999, a novel bifunctional muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist /β2-adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) compound in neutrophils from COPD patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210188. [PMID: 30608978 PMCID: PMC6319735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that AZD8999 (LAS190792), a novel muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist and β2-adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) in development for chronic respiratory diseases, induces potent and sustained relaxant effects in human bronchi by adressing both muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and β2-adrenoceptor. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of the AZD8999 monotherapy or in combination with corticosteroids are unknown. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of AZD8999 in monotherapy and combined with fluticasone propionate in neutrophils from healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy and COPD patients were incubated with AZD8999 and fluticasone propionate, individually or in combination, for 1h followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 6h. The IL-8, MMP9, IL-1β, and GM-CSF release was measured in cell culture supernatants. AZD8999 shows ~ 50% maximum inhibitory effect and similar potency inhibiting the released cytokines in neutrophils from healthy and COPD patients. However, while fluticasone propionate suppresses mediator release in neutrophils from healthy patients, COPD neutrophils are less sensitive. The combination of non-effective concentrations of AZD8999 (0.01nM) with non-effective concentrations of fluticasone propionate (0.1nM) shows synergistic anti-inflammatory effects. The studied mechanisms that may be involved in the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of this combination include the increase of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α and MKP1 expression, the induction of glucocorticoid response element (GRE) activation and the decrease of ERK1/2, P38 and GR-Ser226 phosphorylations compared with monotherapies. In summary, AZD8999 shows anti-inflammatory effects in neutrophils from COPD patients and induces synergistic anti-inflammatory effects when combined with fluticasone propionate, supporting the use of MABA/ICS combination therapy in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milara
- Pharmacy Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
- Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfredo de Diego
- Respiratory Unit, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Esteban Morcillo
- Health Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julio Cortijo
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ambery C, Young G, Fuller T, Lazaar AL, Pereira A, Hughes A, Ramsay D, van den Berg F, Daley-Yates P. Pharmacokinetics, Excretion, and Mass Balance of [ 14 C]-Batefenterol Following a Single Microtracer Intravenous Dose (Concomitant to an Inhaled Dose) or Oral Dose of Batefenterol in Healthy Men. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 7:901-910. [PMID: 30230263 PMCID: PMC6282586 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled batefenterol is an investigational bifunctional molecule for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The excretion balance and pharmacokinetics of batefenterol using [14C]‐radiolabeled drug administered orally and as intravenous (IV) infusion were assessed. In this 2‐period, open‐label study, 6 healthy male subjects received a single IV microtracer 1‐hour infusion of 4 μg [14C]‐batefenterol concomitant with inhaled nonradiolabeled batefenterol (1200 μg) followed by oral [14C]‐batefenterol (200 μg) in period 2 after a 14‐day washout. The primary end points included: the area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to last time of quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t); maximum observed concentration (Cmax); and time of occurrence of maximum observed concentration. Following IV administration, the geometric mean AUC0‐t of [14C]‐batefenterol was 121.9 pgEq • h/mL; maximum observed concentration and time of occurrence of maximum observed concentration were 92.7 pgEq/mL and 0.8 hours, respectively; absolute oral bioavailability was 0.012%. The mean AUC0‐t ratio indicated that [14C]‐batefenterol accounted for 85% of total circulating radioactivity in the plasma initially and declined rapidly following IV administration, but only ∼0.2% of total circulating radioactivity following oral administration. Cumulative mean recovery of total radioactive [14C]‐batefenterol in urine and feces was 6.31% and 77.6%, respectively. Overall, batefenterol exhibited low systemic bioavailability after inhaled and oral administration, and high fecal excretion and low urinary excretion following IV and oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Ambery
- Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GSK, Stockley Park West, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Graeme Young
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers (BIB), GSK, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Teresa Fuller
- GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Aili L Lazaar
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GSK, R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Adrian Pereira
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers (BIB), GSK, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Adam Hughes
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers (BIB), GSK, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Daley-Yates
- Clinical Development, GSK, Research and Development, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aparici M, Carcasona C, Ramos I, Montero JL, Ortiz JL, Cortijo J, Puig C, Vilella D, Doe C, Gavaldà A, Miralpeix M. Pharmacological preclinical characterization of LAS190792, a novel inhaled bifunctional muscarinic receptor antagonist /β 2 -adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) molecule. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
9
|
Malerba M, Radaeli A, Montuschi P, Babu KS, Morjaria JB. Investigational beta-2 adrenergic agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:319-329. [PMID: 28117615 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1287172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-acting bronchodilators are pivotal in the therapeutic management of COPD patients with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction. New ultra-long-acting β2-agnoists (ultra-LABAs) have been developed, some of which have been licensed for use as monotherapy and/or in combination with other bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids, for use in COPD patients with persistent symptoms and worsening airflow limitation. These new agents are faster in onset and have a prolonged duration of action, with a similar safety profile to the traditional twice-daily bronchodilators which may have an impact on patient concordance. Areas covered: A number of these ultra-LABAs are still under development and bi-functional hybrid molecules containing regions functioning as β2-agonists, and as muscarinic agonists (MABAs) has been developed. This review summarizes these (excluding the licensed ultra-LABAs) with attention on phase II studies data available to-date on their pharmacological profiles, clinical efficacy and safety, and future perspectives. Expert opinion: Despite all the new agents' available, the challenges that persist include any differences in efficacy and safety between the various possible LAMA/LABA combinations, relative advantages of MABAs over fixed-dose LAMA/LABAs, and the impact of these new molecules in terms of long term safety, especially in certain populations in co-morbidities frequently associated with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Malerba
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili , Brescia , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Montuschi
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Pharmacology , Rome , Italy
| | - Kesavan S Babu
- d Department of Respiratory Medicine , Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Jaymin B Morjaria
- e Department of Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mastrodicasa MA, Droege CA, Mulhall AM, Ernst NE, Panos RJ, Zafar MA. Long acting muscarinic antagonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of current and developing drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:161-174. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1276167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Mastrodicasa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher A. Droege
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron M. Mulhall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Neil E. Ernst
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph J. Panos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad A. Zafar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montuschi P, Malerba M, Macis G, Mores N, Santini G. Triple inhaled therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1820-1827. [PMID: 27452453 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining individual drugs in a single inhaler is the most convenient way to deliver triple therapy. A long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) added to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) fixed-dose combination (FDC) can improve efficacy of pharmacological treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). New inhaled ICS/LABA/LAMA FDCs, including fluticasone furoate/vilanterol/umeclidinium, budesonide/formoterol/glycopyrronium and beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium, are in Phase III of clinical development for COPD. Triple inhaled therapy might be particularly useful in patients with severe to very severe COPD, above all in those with peripheral blood or sputum eosinophilia, asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) or frequent exacerbators. Future prospective studies should assess efficacy and safety of triple ICS/LABA/LAMA therapy in selected COPD phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Malerba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Macis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Mores
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vu CB, Bemis JE, Benson E, Bista P, Carney D, Fahrner R, Lee D, Liu F, Lonkar P, Milne JC, Nichols AJ, Picarella D, Shoelson A, Smith J, Ting A, Wensley A, Yeager M, Zimmer M, Jirousek MR. Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Acid Conjugates of Niacin and Salicylic Acid. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1217-31. [PMID: 26784936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and preliminary biological characterization of novel fatty acid niacin conjugates and fatty acid salicylate conjugates. These molecular entities were created by covalently linking two bioactive molecules, either niacin or salicylic acid, to an omega-3 fatty acid. This methodology allows the simultaneous intracellular delivery of two bioactives in order to elicit a pharmacological response that could not be replicated by administering the bioactives individually or in combination. The fatty acid niacin conjugate 5 has been shown to be an inhibitor of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism proteins such as PCSK9, HMG-CoA reductase, ATP citrate lyase, and NPC1L1. On the other hand, the fatty acid salicylate conjugate 11 has been shown to have a unique anti-inflammatory profile based on its ability to modulate the NF-κB pathway through the intracellular release of the two bioactives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi B Vu
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jean E Bemis
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ericka Benson
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pradeep Bista
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Carney
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Fahrner
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Diana Lee
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Feng Liu
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pallavi Lonkar
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jill C Milne
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew J Nichols
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dominic Picarella
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam Shoelson
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jesse Smith
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amal Ting
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Allison Wensley
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maisy Yeager
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael R Jirousek
- Catabasis Pharmaceuticals , One Kendall Square, Suite B14202, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Spina D. Pharmacology of novel treatments for COPD: are fixed dose combination LABA/LAMA synergistic? Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:26634. [PMID: 26557255 PMCID: PMC4629759 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.26634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators are mainstay for the symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the introduction of long-acting bronchodilators has led to an improvement in the maintenance treatment of this disease. Various clinical trials have evaluated the effects of fixed dose long-acting β2-agonists (LABA)/long-acting anti-muscarinics (LAMA) combinations and documented greater improvements in spirometry but such improvements do not always translate to greater improvements in symptom scores or reduction in the rates of exacerbation compared with a single component drug. An analysis of whether this significantly greater change in spirometry with combination therapy is additive or synergistic was undertaken and is the subject of this review. Bronchodilators are not disease modifiers and whilst glucocorticosteroids have been shown to reduce rates of exacerbation in moderate to severe COPD, the increase risk of pneumonia and bone fractures is a motivation enough to warrant developing novel anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying drugs and with the expectation of positive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hughes AD, Chen Y, Hegde SS, Jasper JR, Jaw-Tsai S, Lee TW, McNamara A, Pulido-Rios MT, Steinfeld T, Mammen M. Discovery of (R)-1-(3-((2-Chloro-4-(((2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl)amino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-3-oxopropyl)piperidin-4-yl [1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (TD-5959, GSK961081, Batefenterol): First-in-Class Dual Pharmacology Multivalent Muscarinic Antagonist and β2 Agonist (MABA) for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). J Med Chem 2015; 58:2609-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501915g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Hughes
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sharath S. Hegde
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Jasper
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sarah Jaw-Tsai
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tae-Weon Lee
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexander McNamara
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - M. Teresa Pulido-Rios
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tod Steinfeld
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mathai Mammen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Pharmacology, §Drug Metabolism and
Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Molecular and
Cellular Biology, Theravance Biopharma, Inc., 901 Gateway Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Montuschi P, Ciabattoni G. Bronchodilating Drugs for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Status and Future Trends. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4131-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ciabattoni
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| |
Collapse
|