1
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Stip MC, Teeuwen L, Dierselhuis MP, Leusen JHW, Krijgsman D. Targeting the myeloid microenvironment in neuroblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:337. [PMID: 38087370 PMCID: PMC10716967 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells (granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages) play an important role in neuroblastoma. By inducing a complex immunosuppressive network, myeloid cells pose a challenge for the adaptive immune system to eliminate tumor cells, especially in high-risk neuroblastoma. This review first summarizes the pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) during the development and progression of neuroblastoma. Secondly, we discuss how myeloid cells are engaged in the current treatment regimen and explore novel strategies to target these cells in neuroblastoma. These strategies include: (1) engaging myeloid cells as effector cells, (2) ablating myeloid cells or blocking the recruitment of myeloid cells to the tumor microenvironment and (3) reprogramming myeloid cells. Here we describe that despite their immunosuppressive traits, tumor-associated myeloid cells can still be engaged as effector cells, which is clear in anti-GD2 immunotherapy. However, their full potential is not yet reached, and myeloid cell engagement can be enhanced, for example by targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis. Though depletion of myeloid cells or blocking myeloid cell infiltration has been proven effective, this strategy also depletes possible effector cells for immunotherapy from the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, reprogramming of suppressive myeloid cells might be the optimal strategy, which reverses immunosuppressive traits, preserves myeloid cells as effectors of immunotherapy, and subsequently reactivates tumor-infiltrating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein C Stip
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Teeuwen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Krijgsman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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2
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Davy M, Genest L, Legrand C, Pelouin O, Froget G, Castagné V, Rupp T. Evaluation of Temozolomide and Fingolimod Treatments in Glioblastoma Preclinical Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4478. [PMID: 37760448 PMCID: PMC10527257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are malignant brain tumors which remain lethal due to their aggressive and invasive nature. The standard treatment combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy using Temozolomide, albeit with a minor impact on patient prognosis (15 months median survival). New therapies evaluated in preclinical translational models are therefore still required to improve patient survival and quality of life. In this preclinical study, we evaluated the effect of Temozolomide in different models of glioblastoma. We also aimed to investigate the efficacy of Fingolimod, an immunomodulatory drug for multiple sclerosis also described as an inhibitor of the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor axis. The effects of Fingolimod and Temozolomide were analyzed with in vitro 2D and 3D cellular assay and in vivo models using mouse and human glioblastoma cells implanted in immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice, respectively. We demonstrated both in in vitro and in vivo models that Temozolomide has a varied effect depending on the tumor type (i.e., U87MG, U118MG, U138MG, and GL261), demonstrating sensitivity, acquired resistance, and purely resistant tumor phenotypes, as observed in patients. Conversely, Fingolimod only reduced in vitro 2D tumor cell growth and increased cytotoxicity. Indeed, Fingolimod had little or no effect on 3D spheroid cytotoxicity and was devoid of effect on in vivo tumor progression in Temozolomide-sensitive models. These results suggest that the efficacy of Fingolimod is dependent on the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Globally, our data suggest that the response to Temozolomide varies depending on the cancer model, consistent with its clinical activity, whereas the potential activity of Fingolimod may merit further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan Rupp
- Porsolt SAS, ZA de Glatigné, 53940 Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
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3
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Wongviriya A, Shelton RM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Landini G. The relationship between sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor in migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:65. [PMID: 37038210 PMCID: PMC10088162 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator and its binding to the S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) is reported to regulate cytoskeletal organization. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce migration and invasion in tumour cells. Since binding of S1P to S1PR2 and EGF to the EGF receptors exhibit some overlapping functionality, this study aimed to determine whether S1PR2 was involved in EGF-induced migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lines and to identify any potential crosstalk between the two pathways. Migration was investigated using the scratch wound assay while invasion was studied using the transwell invasion and multicellular tumour spheroid (MCTS) assays. Activity of Rac1, a RhoGTPase, was measured using G-LISA (small GTPase activation assays) while S1P production was indirectly measured via the expression of sphingosine kinase (Sphk). S1PR2 inhibition with 10 µM JTE013 reduced EGF-induced migration, invasion and Rac1 activity, however, stimulation of S1PR2 with 10 µM CYM5478 did not enhance the effect of EGF on migration, invasion or Rac1 activity. The data demonstrated a crosstalk between EGF/EGFR and S1P/S1PR2 pathways at the metabolic level. S1PR2 was not involved in EGF production, but EGF promoted S1P production through the upregulation of Sphk1. In conclusion, OSCC lines could not migrate and invade without S1PR2 regulation, even with EGF stimulation. EGF also activated S1PR2 by stimulating S1P production via Sphk1. The potential for S1PR2 to control cellular motility may lead to promising treatments for OSCC patients and potentially prevent or reduce metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjabhak Wongviriya
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard M Shelton
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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4
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Abdul Rashid K, Ibrahim K, Wong JHD, Mohd Ramli N. Lipid Alterations in Glioma: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121280. [PMID: 36557318 PMCID: PMC9783089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly lethal tumours characterised by heterogeneous molecular features, producing various metabolic phenotypes leading to therapeutic resistance. Lipid metabolism reprogramming is predominant and has contributed to the metabolic plasticity in glioma. This systematic review aims to discover lipids alteration and their biological roles in glioma and the identification of potential lipids biomarker. This systematic review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Extensive research articles search for the last 10 years, from 2011 to 2021, were conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and ScienceDirect. A total of 158 research articles were included in this study. All studies reported significant lipid alteration between glioma and control groups, impacting glioma cell growth, proliferation, drug resistance, patients' survival and metastasis. Different lipids demonstrated different biological roles, either beneficial or detrimental effects on glioma. Notably, prostaglandin (PGE2), triacylglycerol (TG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingosine-1-phosphate play significant roles in glioma development. Conversely, the most prominent anti-carcinogenic lipids include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and vitamin D3 have been reported to have detrimental effects on glioma cells. Furthermore, high lipid signals were detected at 0.9 and 1.3 ppm in high-grade glioma relative to low-grade glioma. This evidence shows that lipid metabolisms were significantly dysregulated in glioma. Concurrent with this knowledge, the discovery of specific lipid classes altered in glioma will accelerate the development of potential lipid biomarkers and enhance future glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Abdul Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kamariah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Mohd Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-379673238
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5
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Lin Z, Li Y, Han X, Fu Z, Tian Z, Li C. Targeting SPHK1/PBX1 Axis Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12741. [PMID: 36361531 PMCID: PMC9657307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85~90% of lung cancer cases, with a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1), a key enzyme in regulating sphingolipid metabolism, has been reported to be involved in the development of NSCLC, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated the abnormal signature of SPHK1 in NSCLC lesions and cell lines of lung cancers with a potential tumorigenic role in cell cycle regulation. Functionally, ectopic Pre-B cell leukemia homeobox-1 (PBX1) was capable of restoring the arrested G1 phase induced by SPHK1 knockdown. However, exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) supply had little impact on the cell cycle arrest by PBX1 silence. Furthermore, S1P receptor S1PR3 was revealed as a specific switch to transport the extracellular S1P signal into cells, and subsequently activated PBX1 to regulate cell cycle progression. In addition, Akt signaling partially participated in the SPHK1/S1PR3/PBX1 axis to regulate the cell cycle, and the Akt inhibitor significantly decreased PBX1 expression and induced G1 arrest. Targeting SPHK1 with PF-543 significantly inhibited the cell cycle and tumor growth in preclinical xenograft tumor models of NSCLC. Taken together, our findings exhibit the vital role of the SPHK1/S1PR3/PBX1 axis in regulating the cell cycle of NSCLC, and targeting SPHK1 may develop a therapeutic effect in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhenkun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhenhuan Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
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6
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Li S, Kim HE. Implications of Sphingolipids on Aging and Age-Related Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:797320. [PMID: 35822041 PMCID: PMC9261390 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.797320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a process leading to a progressive loss of physiological integrity and homeostasis, and a primary risk factor for many late-onset chronic diseases. The mechanisms underlying aging have long piqued the curiosity of scientists. However, the idea that aging is a biological process susceptible to genetic manipulation was not well established until the discovery that the inhibition of insulin/IGF-1 signaling extended the lifespan of C. elegans. Although aging is a complex multisystem process, López-Otín et al. described aging in reference to nine hallmarks of aging. These nine hallmarks include: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Due to recent advances in lipidomic, investigation into the role of lipids in biological aging has intensified, particularly the role of sphingolipids (SL). SLs are a diverse group of lipids originating from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and can be modified to create a vastly diverse group of bioactive metabolites that regulate almost every major cellular process, including cell cycle regulation, senescence, proliferation, and apoptosis. Although SL biology reaches all nine hallmarks of aging, its contribution to each hallmark is disproportionate. In this review, we will discuss in detail the major contributions of SLs to the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases while also summarizing the importance of their other minor but integral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxin Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hyun-Eui Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Fu Y, Zou T, Shen X, Nelson PJ, Li J, Wu C, Yang J, Zheng Y, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin L, Dong Q. Lipid metabolism in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:27-59. [PMID: 34766135 PMCID: PMC8491217 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism represents an important metabolic alteration in cancer. Fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipid are the three most prevalent lipids that act as energy producers, signaling molecules, and source material for the biogenesis of cell membranes. The enhanced synthesis, storage, and uptake of lipids contribute to cancer progression. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in cancer has been linked to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and cross talk with the tumor microenvironment. The resulting activity favors the survival and proliferation of tumor cells in the harsh conditions within the tumor. Lipid metabolism also plays a vital role in tumor immunogenicity via effects on the function of the noncancer cells within the tumor microenvironment, especially immune‐associated cells. Targeting altered lipid metabolism pathways has shown potential as a promising anticancer therapy. Here, we review recent evidence implicating the contribution of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer to cancer progression, and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism rewiring in cancer, and potential therapeutic strategies directed toward lipid metabolism in cancer. This review sheds new light to fully understanding of the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the context of cancer and provides valuable clues on therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tiantian Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaotian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich Germany
| | - Jiahui Li
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jimeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Lunxiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
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8
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Targeting S1PRs as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bone Loss Diseases-Beyond Regulating S1P Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094411. [PMID: 33922596 PMCID: PMC8122917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As G protein coupled receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have recently gained attention for their role in modulating inflammatory bone loss diseases. Notably, in murine studies inhibiting S1PR2 by its specific inhibitor, JTE013, alleviated osteoporosis induced by RANKL and attenuated periodontal alveolar bone loss induced by oral bacterial inflammation. Treatment with a multiple S1PRs modulator, FTY720, also suppressed ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, collagen or adjuvant-induced arthritis, and apical periodontitis in mice. However, most previous studies and reviews have focused mainly on how S1PRs manipulate S1P signaling pathways, subsequently affecting various diseases. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms associated with JTE013 and FTY720 in modulating inflammatory cytokine release, cell chemotaxis, and osteoclastogenesis, subsequently influencing inflammatory bone loss diseases. Studies from our group and from other labs indicate that S1PRs not only control S1P signaling, they also regulate signaling pathways induced by other stimuli, including bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bile acid, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), IL-6, and vitamin D. JTE013 and FTY720 alleviate inflammatory bone loss by decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reducing chemotaxis of inflammatory cells from blood circulation to bone and soft tissues, and suppressing RANKL-induced osteoclast formation.
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9
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Ren R, Pang B, Han Y, Li Y. A Glimpse of the Structural Biology of the Metabolism of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:2515256421995601. [PMID: 37366379 PMCID: PMC10243590 DOI: 10.1177/2515256421995601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a key sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays crucial roles in vascular and immune systems. It regulates angiogenesis, vascular integrity and homeostasis, allergic responses, and lymphocyte trafficking. S1P is interconverted with sphingosine, which is also derived from the deacylation of ceramide. S1P levels and the ratio to ceramide in cells are tightly regulated by its metabolic pathways. Abnormal S1P production causes the occurrence and progression of numerous severe diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cancers, autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and kidney and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, huge advances on the structure of S1P metabolic pathways have been accomplished. In this review, we have got a glimpse of S1P metabolism through structural and biochemical studies of: sphingosine kinases, S1P transporters and S1P receptors, and the development of therapeutics targeting S1P signaling. The progress we summarize here could provide fresh perspectives to further the exploration of S1P functions and facilitate the development of therapeutic molecules targeting S1P signaling with improved specificity and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Ren
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Han
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihao Li
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug
Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Squillace S, Spiegel S, Salvemini D. Targeting the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Axis for Developing Non-narcotic Pain Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:851-867. [PMID: 33010954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a life-altering condition affecting millions of people. Current treatments are inadequate and prolonged therapies come with severe side effects, especially dependence and addiction to opiates. Identification of non-narcotic analgesics is of paramount importance. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism alterations contribute to neuropathic pain development. Functional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonists, such as FTY720/fingolimod, used clinically for non-pain conditions, are emerging as non-narcotic analgesics, supporting the repurposing of fingolimod for chronic pain treatment and energizing drug discovery focused on S1P signaling. Here, we summarize the role of S1P in pain to highlight the potential of targeting the S1P axis towards development of non-narcotic therapeutics, which, in turn, will hopefully help lessen misuse of opioid pain medications and address the ongoing opioid epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Squillace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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11
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Positron Emission Tomography in the Inflamed Cerebellum: Addressing Novel Targets among G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Immune Receptors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100925. [PMID: 32998351 PMCID: PMC7601272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes preceding clinical manifestation of brain diseases are moving increasingly into the focus of positron emission tomographic (PET) investigations. A key role in inflammation and as a target of PET imaging efforts is attributed to microglia. Cerebellar microglia, with a predominant ameboid and activated subtype, is of special interest also regarding improved and changing knowledge on functional involvement of the cerebellum in mental activities in addition to its regulatory role in motor function. The present contribution considers small molecule ligands as potential PET tools for the visualization of several receptors recognized to be overexpressed in microglia and which can potentially serve as indicators of inflammatory processes in the cerebellum. The sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), neuropeptide Y receptor 2 (NPY2) and purinoceptor Y12 (P2Y12) cannabinoid receptors and the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 as G-protein-coupled receptors and the ionotropic purinoceptor P2X7 provide structures with rather classical binding behavior, while the immune receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) might depend for instance on further accessory proteins. Improvement in differentiation between microglial functional subtypes in comparison to the presently used 18 kDa translocator protein ligands as well as of the knowledge on the role of polymorphisms are special challenges in such developments.
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12
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Liu KX, Joshi S. "Re-educating" Tumor Associated Macrophages as a Novel Immunotherapy Strategy for Neuroblastoma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1947. [PMID: 32983125 PMCID: PMC7493646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric tumor and often presents with metastatic disease, and patients with high-risk neuroblastoma have survival rates of ~50%. Neuroblastoma tumorigenesis is associated with the infiltration of various types of immune cells, including myeloid derived suppressor cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), and regulatory T cells, which foster tumor growth and harbor immunosuppressive functions. In particular, TAMs predict poor clinical outcomes in neuroblastoma, and among these immune cells, TAMs with an M2 phenotype comprise an immune cell population that promotes tumor metastasis, contributes to immunosuppression, and leads to failure of radiation or checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This review article summarizes the role of macrophages in tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and immunosuppression in neuroblastoma and discusses the recent advances in "macrophage-targeting strategies" in neuroblastoma with a focus on three aspects: (1) inhibition of macrophage recruitment, (2) targeting macrophage survival, and (3) reprogramming of macrophages into an immunostimulatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin X. Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shweta Joshi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Langeslag M, Kress M. The ceramide-S1P pathway as a druggable target to alleviate peripheral neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:869-884. [PMID: 32589067 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1787989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuropathic pain disorders are diverse, and the currently available therapies are ineffective in the majority of cases. Therefore, there is a major need for gaining novel mechanistic insights and developing new treatment strategies for neuropathic pain. Areas covered: We performed an in-depth literature search on the molecular mechanisms and systemic importance of the ceramide-to-S1P rheostat regulating neuron function and neuroimmune interactions in the development of neuropathic pain. Expert opinion: The S1P receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya®), LPA receptor antagonists and several mechanistically related compounds in clinical development raise great expectations for treating neuropathic pain disorders. Research on S1P receptors, S1P receptor modulators or SPHK inhibitors with distinct selectivity, pharmacokinetics and safety must provide more mechanistic insight into whether they may qualify as useful treatment options for neuropathic pain disorders. The functional relevance of genetic variations within the ceramide-to-S1P rheostat should be explored for an enhanced understanding of neuropathic pain pathogenesis. The ceramide-to-S1P rheostat is emerging as a critically important regulator hub of neuroimmune interactions along the pain pathway, and improved mechanistic insight is required to develop more precise and effective drug treatment options for patients suffering from neuropathic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Langeslag
- Institute of Physiology, DPMP, Medical University Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, DPMP, Medical University Innsbruck , Austria
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14
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Kroll A, Cho HE, Kang MH. Antineoplastic Agents Targeting Sphingolipid Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:833. [PMID: 32528896 PMCID: PMC7256948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies in the enigmatic area of bioactive lipids have made many exciting new discoveries in recent years. Once thought to play a strictly structural role in cellular function, it has since been determined that sphingolipids and their metabolites perform a vast variety of cellular functions beyond what was previously believed. Of utmost importance is their role in cellular signaling, for it is now well understood that select sphingolipids serve as bioactive molecules that play critical roles in both cancer cell death and survival, as well as other cellular responses such as chronic inflammation, protection from intestinal pathogens, and intrinsic protection from intestinal contents, each of which are associated with oncogenesis. Importantly, it has been demonstrated time and time again that many different tumors display dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, and the exact profile of said dysregulation has been proven to be useful in determining not only the presence of a tumor, but also the susceptibility to various chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the metastasizing characteristics of the malignancies. Since these discoveries surfaced it has become apparent that the understanding of sphingolipid metabolism and profile will likely become of great importance in the clinic for both chemotherapy and diagnostics of cancer. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of chemotherapeutic agents that target sphingolipid metabolism that are undergoing clinical trials. Additionally, we will formulate questions involving the use of sphingolipid metabolism as chemotherapeutic targets in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kroll
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hwang Eui Cho
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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15
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Stepanovska B, Huwiler A. Targeting the S1P receptor signaling pathways as a promising approach for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 154:104170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Morrell MB, Alvarez Florez C, Zhang A, Kleinerman ES, Savage H, Marmonti E, Park M, Shaw A, Schadler KL. Vascular modulation through exercise improves chemotherapy efficacy in Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27835. [PMID: 31136074 PMCID: PMC6646082 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in mouse models of cancer have shown that exercise improves tumor vascular function, thereby improving chemotherapy delivery and efficacy. However, the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear and the effect of exercise on Ewing sarcoma (ES), a pediatric bone and soft tissue cancer, is unknown. The effect of exercise on tumor vascular hyperpermeability, which inversely correlates with drug delivery to the tumor, has also not been evaluated. We hypothesized that exercise improves chemotherapy efficacy by enhancing its delivery through improving tumor vascular permeability. We treated ES-bearing mice with doxorubicin with or without moderate treadmill exercise. Exercise did not significantly alter ES tumor vessel morphology. However, compared to control mice, tumors of exercised mice had significantly reduced hyperpermeability, significantly decreased hypoxia, and higher doxorubicin penetration. Compared to doxorubicin alone, doxorubicin plus exercise inhibited tumor growth more efficiently. We evaluated endothelial cell sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1 and 2 (S1PR1 and S1PR2) as potential mediators of the improved vascular permeability and increased function afforded by exercise. Relative to tumors from control mice, vessels in tumors from exercised mice had increased S1PR1 and decreased S1PR2 expression. Our results support a model in which exercise remodels ES vasculature to reduce vessel hyperpermeability, potentially via modulation of S1PR1 and S1PR2, thereby improving doxorubicin delivery and inhibiting tumor growth more than doxorubicin alone does. Our data suggest moderate aerobic exercise should be tested in clinical trials as a potentially useful adjuvant to standard chemotherapy for patients with ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B.G. Morrell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudia Alvarez Florez
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas,Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Eugenie S. Kleinerman
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hannah Savage
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Enrica Marmonti
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Minjeong Park
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela Shaw
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keri L. Schadler
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Nejatian N, Trautmann S, Thomas D, Pfeilschifter J, Badenhoop K, Koch A, Penna-Martinez M. Vitamin D effects on sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling and metabolism in monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients and controls. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:130-135. [PMID: 30336275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated sphingosine 1-phopshate (S1P) concentration was observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). On the other side, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) can influence the formation of sphingosine 1-phopshate (S1P) and the expression of S1P receptors, which are known to be involved in T2D. In order to evaluate mechanisms for the antiinflammatory potential of 1,25(OH)2D3, we investigated whether 1,25(OH)2D3 alters S1P signaling and metabolism in human CD14+ monocytes. Primary monocytes isolated from healthy controls (HC) and T2D patients were treated for 24 h with 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 in the absence or presence of 500 IU/ml interleukin-(IL)-1β. Thereafter, sphingosine kinase (SPHK)1, SPHK2 and S1P receptor 1-5 (S1P1-5) mRNA expression levels were measured by TaqMan™ analyses. Sphingolipid levels in cell supernatant were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment downregulated S1P1 and S1P2 mRNA expression compared to untreated monocytes of HC and T2D patients. In contrast, SPHK1, S1P3 and S1P4 mRNA expression levels were upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment compared to the respective controls. Furthermore, reduced S1P2 and increased S1P3 and S1P4 mRNA expression levels upon treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 occurred in the presence of IL-1β. Additionally, S1P levels in cell supernatants were decreased in monocytes from HC and T2D patients by 1,25(OH)2D3 with or without IL-1β costimulation. The levels of sphingosine in cell supernatants were not influenced by 1,25(OH)2D3. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment can influence S1P receptor and SPHK expression and S1P levels in primary monocytes of both HC and subjects with T2D. These findings justify further investigations into the sphingolipid metabolism and potential benefits of vitamin D treatment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojan Nejatian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Badenhoop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marissa Penna-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Fernandes GFDS, Fernandes BC, Valente V, Dos Santos JL. Recent advances in the discovery of small molecules targeting glioblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:8-26. [PMID: 30583248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common central nervous system cancers. It is characterized as a fast-growing tumor that arises from multiple cell types with neural stem-cell-like properties. Additionally, GBM tumors are highly invasive, which is attributed to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells that makes surgery ineffective in most cases. Currently, temozolomide is the unique chemotherapy option approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for GBM treatment. This review analyzes the emergence and development of new synthetic small molecules discovered as promising anti-glioblastoma agents. A number of compounds were described herein and grouped according to the main chemical class used in the drug discovery process. Importantly, we focused only on synthetic compounds published in the last 10 years, thus excluding natural products. Furthermore, we included in this review only those most biologically active compounds with proven in vitro and/or in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Felipe Dos Santos Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Barbara Colatto Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Valeria Valente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, 14800-060, Brazil.
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, including the two central bioactive lipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have opposing roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival, respectively, and there have been exciting developments in understanding how sphingolipid metabolism and signalling regulate these processes in response to anticancer therapy. Recent studies have provided mechanistic details of the roles of sphingolipids and their downstream targets in the regulation of tumour growth and response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy using innovative molecular, genetic and pharmacological tools to target sphingolipid signalling nodes in cancer cells. For example, structure-function-based studies have provided innovative opportunities to develop mechanism-based anticancer therapeutic strategies to restore anti-proliferative ceramide signalling and/or inhibit pro-survival S1P-S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling. This Review summarizes how ceramide-induced cellular stress mediates cancer cell death through various mechanisms involving the induction of apoptosis, necroptosis and/or mitophagy. Moreover, the metabolism of ceramide for S1P biosynthesis, which is mediated by sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, and its role in influencing cancer cell growth, drug resistance and tumour metastasis through S1PR-dependent or receptor-independent signalling are highlighted. Finally, studies targeting enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism and/or signalling and their clinical implications for improving cancer therapeutics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 957, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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González-Fernández B, Sánchez DI, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling as a Target in Hepatic Fibrosis Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28890699 PMCID: PMC5574909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an excess production of extracellular matrix proteins as a result of chronic liver disease which leads to cell death and organ dysfunction. The key cells involved in fibrogenesis are resident hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are termed myofibroblasts after activation, acquiring contractile, proliferative, migratory and secretory capability. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with well-established effects on angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and immunity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that this metabolite is involved in the profibrotic inflammatory process through the regulation of pleiotropic cell responses, such as vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, cell survival, migration, proliferation and HSCs differentiation to myofibroblasts. S1P is synthesized by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and many of its actions are mediated by S1P specific cell surface receptors (S1P1-5), although different intracellular targets of S1P have been identified. Modulation of SphKs/S1P/S1P receptors signaling is known to result in beneficial effects on various in vivo and in vitro models of liver fibrosis. Thus, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of the S1P pathway could help to improve liver fibrosis therapy. In this review, we analyze the effects of the S1P axis on the fibrogenic process, and the involvement of a range of inhibitors or approaches targeting enzymes related to S1P in the abrogation of pathological fibrogenesis. All in all, targeting this pathway offers therapeutic potential in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
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21
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Karunakaran I, van Echten-Deckert G. Sphingosine 1-phosphate - A double edged sword in the brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1573-1582. [PMID: 28315304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its pathological roles in various diseases are increasingly being elucidated. Particularly, a growing body of literature has implicated S1P in the pathogenesis of brain related disorders. With the deciphering of more intricate aspects of S1P signalling, there is also a need to reconsider the notion of S1P only as a determinant of cell survival and proliferation. Further the concept of 'S1P-ceramide' balance as the controlling switch of cellular fate and functions needs to be refined. In this review, we focus on the brain related functions of S1P with special focus on its role in synaptic transmission, neuronal autophagy and neuroinflammation. The review also attempts to bring out the multi-faceted nature of S1P signalling aspects that makes it a 'double edged sword'. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indulekha Karunakaran
- LIMES Institute, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Chew WS, Wang W, Herr DR. To fingolimod and beyond: The rich pipeline of drug candidates that target S1P signaling. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:521-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27445808 PMCID: PMC4914510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system with its specific G-protein-coupled S1P receptors, the enzymes of S1P metabolism and the S1P transporters, offers a multitude of promising targets for drug development. Until today, drug development in this area has nearly exclusively focused on (functional) antagonists at the S1P1 receptor, which cause a unique phenotype of immunomodulation. Accordingly, the first-in class S1P1 receptor modulator, fingolimod, has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and novel S1P1 receptor (functional) antagonists are being developed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematodes, or polymyositis. Besides the S1P1 receptor, also S1P2 and S1P3 are widely expressed and regulate many diverse functions throughout the body. The S1P2 receptor, in particular, often exerts cellular functions which are opposed to the functions of the S1P1 receptor. As a consequence, antagonists at the S1P2 receptor have the potential to be useful in a contrasting context and different areas of indication compared to S1P1 antagonists. The present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of S1P2 receptor antagonists and discuss their opportunities as well as their potential risks. Open questions and areas which require further investigations will be emphasized in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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