1
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Gao L, Meng F, Yang Z, Lafuente-Merchan M, Fernández LM, Cao Y, Kusamori K, Nishikawa M, Itakura S, Chen J, Huang X, Ouyang D, Riester O, Deigner HP, Lai H, Pedraz JL, Ramalingam M, Cai Y. Nano-drug delivery system for the treatment of multidrug-resistant breast cancer: Current status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117327. [PMID: 39216449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. Chemotherapy continues to be the treatment of choice for clinically combating it. Nevertheless, the chemotherapy process is frequently hindered by multidrug resistance, thereby impacting the effectiveness of the treatment. Multidrug resistance (MDR) refers to the phenomenon in which malignant tumour cells develop resistance to anticancer drugs after one single exposure. It can occur with a broad range of chemotherapeutic drugs with distinct chemical structures and mechanisms of action, and it is one of the major causes of treatment failure and disease relapse. Research has long been focused on overcoming MDR by using multiple drug combinations, but this approach is often associated with serious side effects. Therefore, there is a pressing need for in-depth research into the mechanisms of MDR, as well as the development of new drugs to reverse MDR and improve the efficacy of breast cancer chemotherapy. This article reviews the mechanisms of multidrug resistance and explores the application of nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) to overcome MDR in breast cancer. The aim is to offer a valuable reference for further research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China / Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology / International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province / School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Fansu Meng
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan 528400, China.
| | - Zhenjiang Yang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01009, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Laura Merino Fernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01009, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Ye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China / Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology / International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province / School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Cellular Drug Discovery and Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Junqian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Xiaoxun Huang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan 528400, China.
| | - Dongfang Ouyang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Oliver Riester
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen 78054, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen 78054, Germany.
| | - Haibiao Lai
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan 528400, China.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01009, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory (JRL) on Bioprinting and Advanced Pharma Development, A Joint Venture of TECNALIA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- NanoBioCel Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Jose Atxotegi, s/n, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01009, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory (JRL) on Bioprinting and Advanced Pharma Development, A Joint Venture of TECNALIA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance), Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University / International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China / Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology / International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province / School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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2
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McKeown BT, Relja NJ, Hall SR, Gebremeskel S, MacLeod JM, Veinotte CJ, Bennett LG, Ohlund LB, Sleno L, Jakeman DL, Berman JN, Johnston B, Goralski KB. Pilot study of jadomycin B pharmacokinetics and anti-tumoral effects in zebrafish larvae and mouse breast cancer xenograft models. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:1065-1076. [PMID: 35985040 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous therapeutic options, multidrug resistance (MDR) remains an obstacle to successful breast cancer therapy. Jadomycin B, a natural product derived from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, maintains cytotoxicity in MDR human breast cancer cells. Our objectives were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, anti-tumoral, and anti-metastatic effects of jadomycin B in zebrafish larvae and mice. In a zebrafish larval xenograft model, jadomycin B significantly reduced the proliferation of human MDA-MB-231 cells at or below its maximum tolerated dose (40 µm). In female Balb/C mice, a single intraperitoneal dose (6 mg/kg) was rapidly absorbed with a maximum serum concentration of 3.4 ± 0.27 µm. Jadomycin B concentrations declined biphasically with an elimination half-life of 1.7 ± 0.058 h. In the 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma model, jadomycin B (12 mg/kg every 12 h from day 6 to 15 after tumor cell injection) decreased primary tumor volume compared to vehicle control. Jadomycin B-treated mice did not exhibit weight loss, nor significant increases in biomarkers of impaired hepatic (alanine aminotransferase) and renal (creatinine) function. In conclusion, jadomycin B demonstrated a good safety profile and provided partial anti-tumoral effects, warranting further dose-escalation safety and efficacy studies in MDR breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T McKeown
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Relja
- Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Simon Gebremeskel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jeanna M MacLeod
- Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Chansey J Veinotte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Leah G Bennett
- Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leanne B Ohlund
- Chemistry department/CERMO-FC, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry department/CERMO-FC, Faculty of Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - David L Jakeman
- Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 5B2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
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3
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Li J, Han N, Zhang H, Xie X, Zhu Y, Zhang E, Ma J, Shang C, Yin M, Xie W, Li X. Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090570. [PMID: 36135759 PMCID: PMC9502403 DOI: 10.3390/md20090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B1 (Saq B1), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B1, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B1 inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B1 in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B1-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B1-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B1 might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B1 effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ningning Han
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - E Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | | | - Mengxiong Yin
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-531-88382612
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4
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Identification of Pathologic Grading-Related Genes Associated with Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2818777. [PMID: 35945960 PMCID: PMC9357261 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2818777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Renal epithelium lesions can cause renal cell carcinoma. This kind of tumor is common among all renal cancers with poor prognosis, of which more than 70% belong to kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. As the pathogenesis of KIRC has not been elucidated, it is necessary to be further explored. Methods. The Genomic Spatial Event database was used to obtain the analysis dataset (GSE126964) based on the GEO database, and The Cancer Genome Atlas was applied for KIRC data collection. edgeR and limma analyses were subsequently conducted to identify differentially expressed genes. Based on the systems biology approach of WGCNA, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of this disease were screened after the establishment of a gene coexpression network. GO and KEGG enrichment used cluster Profiler, enrichplot, and ggplot2 in the R software package. Protein-protein interaction network diagrams were plotted for hub gene collection via the STRING platform and Cytoscape software. Hub genes associated with overall survival time of KIRC patients were ultimately identified using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results. There were 1863 DEGs identified in total and ten coexpressed gene modules discovered using a WGCNA method. GO and KEGG analysis findings revealed that the most enrichment pathways included Notch binding, cell migration, cell cycle, cell senescence, apoptosis, focal adhesions, and autophagosomes. Twenty-seven hub genes were identified, among which FLT1, HNRNPU, ATP6V0D2, ATP6V1A, and ATP6V1H were positively correlated with OS rates of KIRC patients (
). Conclusions. In conclusion, bioinformatic techniques can be useful tools for predicting the progression of KIRC. DEGs are present in both KIRC and normal kidney tissues, which can be considered the KIRC biomarkers.
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5
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Tomko AM, Whynot EG, O'Leary LF, Dupre DJ. Anti-cancer potential of cannabis terpenes in a taxol-resistant model of breast cancer. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:806-817. [PMID: 35704944 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic resistance can limit breast cancer outcomes; therefore, the exploration of novel therapeutic options is warranted. Isolated compounds found in cannabis have previously been shown to exhibit anti-cancer effects, but little is known about their effects in resistant breast cancer. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of terpenes found in cannabis in in vitro chemotherapy-resistant model of breast cancer. We aimed to identify whether five terpenes found in cannabis produced anti-cancer effects, and if their effects were improved upon co-treatment with cannabinoids and flavonoids also found in cannabis. Nerolidol and β-caryophyllene produced the greatest cytotoxic effects, activated the apoptotic cascade and reduced cellular invasion. Combinations with the flavonoid kaempferol potentiated the cytotoxic effects of ocimene, terpinolene, and β-myrcene. Combinations of nerolidol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabidiol produced variable responses ranging from antagonism and additivity to synergy, depending on concentrations used. Our results indicate that cannabis terpenes, alone or combined with cannabinoids and flavonoids, produced anti-cancer effects in chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer cell lines. This study is a first step in the identification of compounds that could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Tomko
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Department of Pharmacology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;
| | - Erin G Whynot
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Department of Pharmacology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;
| | - Lauren F O'Leary
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Department of Pharmacology, Halifax, Canada;
| | - Denis J Dupre
- Dalhousie University, 3688, Department of Pharmacology, Halifax, Canada;
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6
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Akagi Y, Mori Y, Sato Y, Iwasaki E, Komatsu T. Total synthesis of jadomycins A, B, and L-digitoxosyl-phenanthroviridin. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Bonitto EP, McKeown BT, Goralski KB. Jadomycins: A potential chemotherapy for multi-drug resistant metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00886. [PMID: 34708587 PMCID: PMC8551564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer causes the most cancer fatalities in women worldwide. Approximately one-third of breast cancers metastasize, or spread from primary tumors to other tissues, and have a 70% 5-year mortality rate. Current breast cancer treatments like doxorubicin and paclitaxel become ineffective when breast cancer cells develop multi-drug resistance and overexpress ATP-binding cassette transporters, as the transporters cause a substantial efflux of the chemotherapies. Jadomycins, a group of molecules isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, are shown to be cytotoxic against a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer. Furthermore, jadomycins retain their cytotoxic properties in multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells, as they are not expelled through ATP-binding cassette transporters. Here, we describe the research that supports the potential use of jadomycins as a novel chemotherapy in the treatment of multi-drug resistant, metastatic breast cancer. We present the supportive findings, as well as the mechanisms of action investigated thus far. These include copper-mediated reactive oxygen species generation, aurora B kinase inhibition, and topoisomerase IIα and IIβ inhibition. We also suggest future directions of jadomycin research, which will help to determine if jadomycins can be used as a breast cancer chemotherapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P. Bonitto
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Brendan T. McKeown
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Kerry B. Goralski
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- College of PharmacyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of PediatricsDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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8
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de Koning CB, Ngwira KJ, Rousseau AL. Biosynthesis, synthetic studies, and biological activities of the jadomycin alkaloids and related analogues. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 84:125-199. [PMID: 32416952 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The jadomycins are an expanding class of compounds produced from Streptomyces venezuelae, by diverting the normal biosynthesis which provides the antibiotic chloramphenicol. In the presence of amino acids, and either by heat shock, supplementation with ethanol, or when phage SV1 is added to the culture, the formation of substituted jadomycins and benzo[b]phenanthridines can be achieved. The first part of this review provides details of intermediates involved in the biosynthesis of the jadomycins and the related benzo[b]phenanthridines. Both the jadomycins and the benzo[b]phenanthridines share biosynthetic pathways with a large class of naturally occurring compounds known as the angucyclines. The biosynthetic pathways diverge when it is postulated that an intermediate quinone, such as 3-(2-formyl-6-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-8-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone-2-carboxylic acid is formed. The quinone then undergoes reactions with amino acids and derivatives in the culture medium to ultimately afford a library of jadomycins and a few benzo[b]phenanthridines. The second part of the review initially details synthetic efforts toward the synthesis of the naturally occurring benzo[b]phenanthridine, phenanthroviridin, and then outlines methods that have been used to assemble a selection of jadomycins. Total syntheses of jadomycin A and B, derived from l-isoleucine, are described. In addition, the synthesis of the aglycon of jadomycins M, W, S, and T is outlined. These four jadomycins were derived from l-methionine, l-tryptophan, l-serine and l-threonine respectively. As a result of these synthetic efforts, the structures of jadomycin S and T have been revised. The third part of the review describes the reported antibacterial and anticancer activities of both the jadomycins and some naturally occurring benzo[b]phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B de Koning
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Kennedy J Ngwira
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amanda L Rousseau
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Dahn ML, Cruickshank BM, Jackson AJ, Dean C, Holloway RW, Hall SR, Coyle KM, Maillet H, Waisman DM, Goralski KB, Giacomantonio CA, Weaver ICG, Marcato P. Decitabine Response in Breast Cancer Requires Efficient Drug Processing and Is Not Limited by Multidrug Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1110-1122. [PMID: 32156786 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methylation is an established feature of breast cancers. DNA demethylating therapies like decitabine are proposed for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) and indicators of response need to be identified. For this purpose, we characterized the effects of decitabine in a panel of 10 breast cancer cell lines and observed a range of sensitivity to decitabine that was not subtype specific. Knockdown of potential key effectors demonstrated the requirement of deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) for decitabine response in breast cancer cells. In treatment-naïve breast tumors, DCK was higher in TNBCs, and DCK levels were sustained or increased post chemotherapy treatment. This suggests that limited DCK levels will not be a barrier to response in patients with TNBC treated with decitabine as a second-line treatment or in a clinical trial. Methylome analysis revealed that genome-wide, region-specific, tumor suppressor gene-specific methylation, and decitabine-induced demethylation did not predict response to decitabine. Gene set enrichment analysis of transcriptome data demonstrated that decitabine induced genes within apoptosis, cell cycle, stress, and immune pathways. Induced genes included those characterized by the viral mimicry response; however, knockdown of key effectors of the pathway did not affect decitabine sensitivity suggesting that breast cancer growth suppression by decitabine is independent of viral mimicry. Finally, taxol-resistant breast cancer cells expressing high levels of multidrug resistance transporter ABCB1 remained sensitive to decitabine, suggesting that the drug could be used as second-line treatment for chemoresistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Dahn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ainsleigh J Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Cheryl Dean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan W Holloway
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Krysta M Coyle
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hillary Maillet
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David M Waisman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carman A Giacomantonio
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ian C G Weaver
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Brain Repair Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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10
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Tomko A, O'Leary L, Trask H, Achenbach JC, Hall SR, Goralski KB, Ellis LD, Dupré DJ. Antitumor Activity of Abnormal Cannabidiol and Its Analog O-1602 in Taxol-Resistant Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1124. [PMID: 31611800 PMCID: PMC6777324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids exhibit anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties. Contrary to most cannabinoids present in the Cannabis plant, some, such as O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol, have no or only little affinity to the CB1 or CB2 cannabinoid receptors and instead exert their effects through other receptors. Here, we investigated whether the synthetic regioisomers of cannabidiol, abnormal cannabidiol, and a closely related compound, O-1602, display antitumorigenic effects in cellular models of breast cancer and whether it could reduce tumorigenesis in vivo. Several studies have shown the effects of cannabinoids on chemotherapy-sensitive breast cancer cell lines, but less is known about the antitumorigenic effects of cannabinoids in chemotherapy-resistant cell lines. Paclitaxel-resistant MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines were used to study the effect of O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol on viability, apoptosis, and migration. The effects of O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol on cell viability were completely blocked by the combination of GPR55 and GPR18-specific siRNAs. Both O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol decreased viability in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis. The effect of these cannabinoids on tumor growth in vivo was studied in a zebrafish xenograft model. In this model, treatment with O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol (2 µM) significantly reduced tumor growth. Our results suggest that atypical cannabinoids, like O-1602 and abnormal cannabidiol, exert antitumorigenic effects on paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells. Due to their lack of central sedation and psychoactive effects, these atypical cannabinoids could represent new leads for the development of additional anticancer treatments when resistance to conventional chemotherapy occurs during the treatment of breast and possibly other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tomko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lauren O'Leary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Hilary Trask
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - John C Achenbach
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lee D Ellis
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Denis J Dupré
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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11
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Antibiotic-Producing and Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2019; 24:E3430. [PMID: 31546630 PMCID: PMC6804068 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a tremendous threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is essential to know the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in antibiotic-producing and pathogenic bacteria. This paper deals with this problem from four points of view. First, the antibiotic resistance genes in producers are discussed related to their biosynthesis. Most resistance genes are present within the biosynthetic gene clusters, but some genes such as paromomycin acetyltransferases are located far outside the gene cluster. Second, when the antibiotic resistance genes in pathogens are compared with those in the producers, resistance mechanisms have dependency on antibiotic classes, and, in addition, new types of resistance mechanisms such as Eis aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and self-sacrifice proteins in enediyne antibiotics emerge in pathogens. Third, the relationships of the resistance genes between producers and pathogens are reevaluated at their amino acid sequence as well as nucleotide sequence levels. Pathogenic bacteria possess other resistance mechanisms than those in antibiotic producers. In addition, resistance mechanisms are little different between early stage of antibiotic use and the present time, e.g., β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Lastly, guanine + cytosine (GC) barrier in gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria is considered. Now, the resistance genes constitute resistome composed of complicated mixture from divergent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, 33-9, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 522-1, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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12
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Luo Y, Shen D, Chen L, Wang G, Liu X, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang X, Ju L. Identification of 9 key genes and small molecule drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6029-6052. [PMID: 31422942 PMCID: PMC6738436 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the key candidate genes and pathways in ccRCC by integrated bioinformatics analysis. 1387 differentially expressed genes were identified based on three expression profile datasets, including 673 upregulated genes and 714 downregulated genes. Then we used weighted correlation network analysis to identify 6 modules associated with pathological stage and grade, blue module was the most relevant module. GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that genes in blue module were enriched in cell cycle and metabolic related pathways. Further, 25 hub genes in blue module were identified as hub genes. Based on GEPIA database, 9 genes were associated with progression and prognosis of ccRCC patients, including PTTG1, RRM2, TOP2A, UHRF1, CEP55, BIRC5, UBE2C, FOXM1 and CDC20. Then multivariate Cox regression showed that the risk score base on 9 key genes signature was a clinically independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Moreover, we screened out several new small molecule drugs that have the potential to treat ccRCC. Few of them were identified as biomarkers in ccRCC. In conclusion, our research identified 9 potential prognostic genes and several candidate small molecule drugs for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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13
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Cytotoxic, Anti-Migration, and Anti-Invasion Activities on Breast Cancer Cells of Angucycline Glycosides Isolated from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050277. [PMID: 31075906 PMCID: PMC6562490 DOI: 10.3390/md17050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Four angucycline glycosides were previously characterized from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. OC1610.4. Further investigation of this strain cultured on different fermentation media from that used previously resulted in the isolation of two new angucycline glycosides, vineomycins E and F (1–2), and five known homologues, grincamycin L (3), vineomycinone B2 (4), fridamycin D (5), moromycin B (7), and saquayamycin B1 (8). Vineomycin F (2) contains an unusual ring-cleavage deoxy sugar. All the angucycline glycosides isolated from Streptomyces sp. OC1610.4 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and BT-474. Moromycin B (7), saquayamycin B1 (8), and saquayamycin B (9) displayed potent anti-proliferation against the tested cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.16 to 0.67 μM. Saquayamycin B (9) inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, as detected by Transwell and wound-healing assays.
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14
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Hevener K, Verstak TA, Lutat KE, Riggsbee DL, Mooney JW. Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:844-861. [PMID: 30505655 PMCID: PMC6251812 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- KirkE. Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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15
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Forget SM, Robertson AW, Hall SR, MacLeod JM, Overy DP, Kerr RG, Goralski KB, Jakeman DL. Isolation of a jadomycin incorporating L-ornithine, analysis of antimicrobial activity and jadomycin reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:722-730. [PMID: 29700425 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the characterization and antimicrobial activity of a previously unreported jadomycin (1) obtained from a culture of S. venezuelae ISP5230 with L-ornithine (Orn). 1 arises from the rearrangement of a putative five-membered ring containing jadomycin incorporating Orn, whereby intramolecular attack of the E-ring carbonyl from the δ-NH2 group of the Orn side chain results in collapse of the oxazolone ring and formation of a stable six-membered lactam. This rearrangement produces a jadomycin with a 3a hemiaminal position that is susceptible to solvolysis. A structure-activity relationship is discussed based on the antimicrobial activity of 1 compared to previously reported jadomycins, providing evidence that the presence of a 3a hemiaminal enhances activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, assays to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell viability were performed using a series of nine jadomycins. Compound 1 was found to produce the highest ROS activity and to possess the greatest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Forget
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Andrew W Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Steven R Hall
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jeanna M MacLeod
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Kerry B Goralski
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David L Jakeman
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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16
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Martin JH, Bromfield EG, Aitken RJ, Lord T, Nixon B. Double Strand Break DNA Repair occurs via Non-Homologous End-Joining in Mouse MII Oocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9685. [PMID: 29946146 PMCID: PMC6018751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the oocyte means that accepted paradigms for DNA repair and protection are not of direct relevance to the female gamete. Instead, preservation of the integrity of the maternal genome depends on endogenous protein stores and/or mRNA transcripts accumulated during oogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether mature (MII) oocytes have the capacity to detect DNA damage and subsequently mount effective repair. For this purpose, DNA double strand breaks (DSB) were elicited using the topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide (ETP). ETP challenge led to a rapid and significant increase in DSB (P = 0.0002) and the consequential incidence of metaphase plate abnormalities (P = 0.0031). Despite this, ETP-treated MII oocytes retained their ability to participate in in vitro fertilisation, though displayed reduced developmental competence beyond the 2-cell stage (P = 0.02). To account for these findings, we analysed the efficacy of DSB resolution, revealing a significant reduction in DSB lesions 4 h post-ETP treatment. Notably, this response was completely abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of key elements (DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV) of the canonical non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway, thus providing the first evidence implicating this reparative cascade in the protection of the maternal genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta H Martin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Preganancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Preganancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Preganancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Tessa Lord
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Preganancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
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17
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(-)-Shikimic Acid as a Chiral Building Block for the Synthesis of New Cytotoxic 6-Aza-Analogues of Angucyclinones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061422. [PMID: 29895756 PMCID: PMC6099682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the syntheses of nine new angucyclinone 6-aza-analogues, achieved through a hetero Diels-Alder reaction between the shikimic acid derivative-azadiene 13, with different naphthoquinones. The cytotoxic activity of the new synthesized compounds and five angucyclinones, previously reported, was evaluated in vitro against three cancer cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), HT-29 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and one non-tumoral cell line, human colon epithelial cells (CCD841 CoN). Our results showed that most 6-azadiene derivatives exhibited significant cytotoxic activities, which was demonstrated by their IC50 values (less than 10 μM), especially for the most sensitive cells, PC-3 and HT-29. From a chemical point of view, depending on the protected group of ring A and the pattern of substitution on ring D, cytotoxicity elicited these compounds, in terms of their potency and selectivity. Therefore, according to these chemical features, the most promising agents for every cancer cell line were 7a, 17, and 19c for PC-3 cells; 7a, 17, and 20 for HT-29 cells, and 19a for MCF-7 cells.
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18
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Abstract
The jadomycin family of natural products was discovered from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 in the 1990s. Subsequent identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster along with synthetic efforts established that incorporation of an amino acid into the polyaromatic angucycline core occurs non-enzymatically. Over two decades, the precursor-directed biosynthetic potential of the jadomycins has been heavily exploited, generating a library exceeding 70 compounds. This review compiles the jadomycins that have been isolated and characterized to date; these include jadomycins incorporating proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids, semi-synthetic derivatives, biosynthetic shunt products, compounds isolated in structural gene deletion studies, and deoxysugar sugar variant jadomycins produced by deletion or heterologous expression of sugar biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna M. MacLeod
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X7, Canada
| | | | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 1X7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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19
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Zhang R, Xu J, Zhao J, Bai JH. Proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells are suppressed by knockdown of TOP2A. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7256-7263. [PMID: 29761838 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that TOP2A plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of many malignancies, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. However, few studies have been conducted on TOP2A expression and functions in colon cancer. In the present study, we found that TOP2A expression was obviously elevated in colon cancer tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Depletion of TOP2A in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cells by transfection of specific small interfering RNA significantly suppressed proliferation and inhibited invasion of cells, even induced apoptosis as indicated by both MTT assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and Transwell assay. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanisms. Knockdown of TOP2A not only affects the expression of cell apoptosis-related (Bcl-2 and Bax) and invasion-related proteins (MMP-2 and MMP-9), but also reduced the phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT. In conclusion, we showed that TOP2A was upregulated in colon cancer tissue samples and that TOP2A may serve as an oncogene in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Insititute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Insititute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Insititute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing H Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Insititute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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