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Babou Kammoe RB, Sévigny J. Extracellular nucleotides in smooth muscle contraction. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116005. [PMID: 38142836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are crucial signalling molecules, eliciting diverse biological responses in almost all organs and tissues. These molecules exert their effects by activating specific nucleotide receptors, which are finely regulated by ectonucleotidases that break down their ligands. In this comprehensive review, we aim to elucidate the relevance of extracellular nucleotides as signalling molecules in the context of smooth muscle contraction, considering the modulatory influence of ectonucleotidases on this intricate process. Specifically, we provide a detailed examination of the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in the contraction of non-vascular smooth muscles, including those found in the urinary bladder, the airways, the reproductive system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we present a broader overview of the role of extracellular nucleotides in vascular smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Brice Babou Kammoe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Luo HM, Ye JR, Pu FQ, Luo HL, Zhang WJ. Role and therapeutic target of P2X2/3 receptors in visceral pain. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102355. [PMID: 37390743 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain (VP) is caused by internal organ disease. VP is involved in nerve conduction and related signaling molecules, but its specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Currently, there are no effective methods for treating VP. The role of P2X2/3 in VP has progressed. After visceral organs are subjected to noxious stimulation, cells release ATP, activate P2X2/3, enhance the sensitivity of peripheral receptors and the plasticity of neurons, enhance sensory information transmission, sensitize the central nervous system, and play an important role in the development of VP. However, antagonists possess the pharmacological effect of relieving pain. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the biological functions of P2X2/3 and discuss the intrinsic link between P2X2/3 and VP. Moreover, we focus on the pharmacological effects of P2X2/3 antagonists on VP therapy and provide a theoretical basis for its targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province 343000, China
| | - Jia-Rong Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province 343000, China
| | - Fan-Qin Pu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province 343000, China
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province 343000, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province 343000, China.
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D’Agostino G, Salvatore S, Calvi P, Condino AM. Inhibition of prejunctional parasympathetic pathways by β 3-adrenoceptor agonists in the isolated pig detrusor: comparison with human detrusor studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1177653. [PMID: 37234719 PMCID: PMC10206075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors of the β3-subtype (β3-ADRs) seem to represent a new target for a more effective pharmacological treatment of overactive bladder (OAB), a wide spread urinary disorder. A promising opportunity for OAB therapy might rely on the development of selective β3-ADR agonists, but an appropriate preclinical screening, as well as investigation of their pharmacological mechanism(s), is limited by poor availability of human bladder samples and of translational animal models. In this study, we used the porcine urinary bladder as experimental tool to ascertain the functions of β3-ADRs in the control the parasympathetic motor drive. Tritiated acetylcholine ([3H]-ACh), mainly originated from neural stores, was released by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in epithelium-deprived detrusor strips from pigs bred without estrogens. EFS produced simultaneously [3H]-ACh release and smooth muscle contraction allowing to asses neural (pre-junctional) and myogenic (postjunctional) effects in the same experiment. Isoprenaline and mirabegron produced on the EFS-evoked effects a concentration-dependent inhibition antagonized by L-748,337, a high selective β3-ADR antagonist. The analysis of the resultant pharmacodynamic parameters supports the notion that in pig detrusors, as well as in previously described human detrusors, the activation of inhibitory β3-ADRs can modulate neural parasympathetic pathways. In such inhibitory control, the involvement of membrane K+ channels, mainly of the SK type, seems to play a pivotal role similarly to what previously described in humans. Therefore, the isolated porcine detrusor can provide a suitable experimental tool to study the mechanisms underlying the clinical efficacy of selective β3-ADR compounds for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Salvatore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Calvi
- Cellini Clinic, Humanitas Group, Torino, Italy
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Woodbury DJ, Whitt EC, Coffman RE. A review of TNP-ATP in protein binding studies: benefits and pitfalls. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2021; 1:100012. [PMID: 36425312 PMCID: PMC9680771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We review 50 years of use of 2',3'-O-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-ATP, a fluorescently tagged ATP analog. It has been extensively used to detect binding interactions of ATP to proteins and to measure parameters of those interactions such as the dissociation constant, Kd, or inhibitor dissociation constant, Ki. TNP-ATP has also found use in other applications, for example, as a fluorescence marker in microscopy, as a FRET pair, or as an antagonist (e.g., of P2X receptors). However, its use in protein binding studies has limitations because the TNP moiety often enhances binding affinity, and the fluorescence changes that occur with binding can be masked or mimicked in unexpected ways. The goal of this review is to provide a clear perspective of the pros and cons of using TNP-ATP to allow for better experimental design and less ambiguous data in future experiments using TNP-ATP and other TNP nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixon J. Woodbury
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Kennedy C. ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves - another Burnstock legacy. Auton Neurosci 2021; 235:102860. [PMID: 34340045 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Geoff Burnstock created an outstanding scientific legacy that includes identification of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gut, the discovery and characterisation of a large family of purine and uridine nucleotide-sensitive ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors and the demonstration that ATP is as an excitatory cotransmitter in autonomic nerves. The evidence for cotransmission includes that: 1) ATP is costored with noradrenaline in synaptic vesicles in postganglionic sympathetic nerves innervating smooth muscle tissues, including the vas deferens and most arteries. 2) When coreleased with noradrenaline, ATP acts at postjunctional P2X1 receptors to elicit depolarisation, Ca2+ influx, Ca2+ sensitisation and contraction. 3) ATP is also coreleased with acetylcholine from postganglionic parasympathetic nerves innervating the urinary bladder, where it stimulates postjunctional P2X1 receptors, and a second, as yet unidentified site to evoke contraction of detrusor smooth muscle. In both systems membrane-bound ecto-enzymes and soluble nucleotidases released from postganglionic nerves dephosphorylate ATP and so terminate its neurotransmitter actions. Currently, the most promising potential area of therapeutic application relating to cotransmission is treatment of dysfunctional urinary bladder. This family of disorders is associated with the appearance of a purinergic component of neurogenic contractions. This component is an attractive target for drug development and targeting it may be a rewarding area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kennedy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Fry CH, McCloskey KD. Purinergic signalling in the urinary bladder - When function becomes dysfunction. Auton Neurosci 2021; 235:102852. [PMID: 34329833 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the participation of ATP and related purines in urinary tract physiology has been established over the last five decades through the work of many independent groups, inspired by, and building on the pioneering studies of Professor Geoffrey Burnstock and his coworkers. As part of a series of reviews in this tribute edition, the present article summarises our current understanding of purines and purinergic signalling in modulating and regulating urinary tract function. Purinergic mechanisms underlying the origin of bladder pain; sensations of bladder filling and urinary tract motility; and regulation of detrusor smooth muscle contraction are described, encompassing the relevant history of discovery and consolidation of knowledge as methodologies and pharmacological tools have developed. We consider normal physiology, including development and ageing and then move to pathophysiology, discussing the causal and consequential contribution of purinergic signalling mechanism and their constituent components (receptors, signal transduction, effector molecules) to bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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King BF. P2X3 receptors participate in purinergic inhibition of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102830. [PMID: 34116466 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ATP analogue α,β-meATP is a potent relaxant of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but its molecular target is uncertain inside the gut. α,β-meATP relaxed the carbachol-precontracted guinea-pig taenia coli in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50, 2.0 ± 0.1 μM). A luciferase-based assay confirmed that α,β-meATP solutions were minimally contaminated with ATP. α,β-meATP-evoked relaxations were inhibited by the competitive P2Y1 antagonist MRS2179 (pA2 = 5.36), but also by the competitive P2X3 antagonist, A-317491 (pA2 = 5.51). When MRS2179 and A-317491 were applied together, residual α,β-meATP responses converted from brief to prolonged relaxations. Sodium nitroprusside (a nitric oxide donor) also caused prolonged relaxations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that P2X3 receptors were present in myenteric ganglion cells and their varicose nerve terminals. The amplitude of α,β-meATP responses was not inhibited by TTX (NaV channel blocker) and ωCgTx (N-type CaV channel blocker). However, responses to α,β-meATP were inhibited by TEA (non-selective K+-channel blocker), indicating that relaxations involved opening K+-channels. The findings of this study are consistent with the conclusion that α,β-meATP stimulates Ca2+-permeable P2X3 receptors on varicose nerve terminals to release inhibitory nucleotides: 1) ATP and β-NAD release results in P2Y1-mediated brief relaxations; 2) another released transmitter (possibly NO) results in prolonged relaxations. Prejunctional P2X3 receptors represent a purinergic feed-forward mechanism to augment the action of inhibitory nerves on gut motility. This positive feed-forward mechanism may counter-balance the known negative feedback mechanism caused by adenosine and prejunctional A1 receptors on inhibitory motor nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F King
- University College London (UCL), Research Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Physiology (NPP), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Aydogdu O, Gocun PU, Aronsson P, Carlsson T, Winder M. Prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a model of zymosan-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats. Prostate 2021; 81:252-260. [PMID: 33465254 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function and pathophysiology. METHODS To create a model for CPPS, rats were intraprostatically injected with zymosan or saline, serving as control. Metabolic cage experiments were performed 7, 14, or 21 days after zymosan injection and after 14 days in the control group. Thereafter, cystometry was performed in which simulated micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and contractile responses to the cholinergic agonist methacholine and the purinergic agonist ATP were measured. Following cystometry, the prostate and urinary bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes. RESULTS Metabolic cage data revealed a significantly increased urinary frequency in zymosan treated rats. Likewise, the volume per micturition was significantly lower in all CPPS groups compared to controls. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of nonvoiding contractions, longer voiding time, and a trend towards lower compliance in CPPS rats compared to controls. Induction of CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in all CPPS groups, in particular in later stage groups. Both the extent and grade of bladder inflammation were significantly higher in CPPS groups compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The current findings demonstrate a potential prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization leading to symptoms of bladder overactivity and signs of bladder inflammation. Future clinical studies are required to verify the outcomes of the current study and enable advancement of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgu Aydogdu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Uyar Gocun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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He W, Xiang H, Liu D, Liu J, Li M, Wang Q, Qian Q, Li Y, Fu X, Chen P, Guo Y, Zeng G, Wu Z, Zhan D, Wang X, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. Changes in the expression and function of the PDE5 pathway in the obstructed urinary bladder. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13181-13195. [PMID: 33009887 PMCID: PMC7701571 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to explore changes in bladder contractility and the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) signalling pathway in response to partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). A surgically induced male rat PBOO model and human obstructed bladder tissues were used. Histological changes were examined by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Bladder strip contractility was measured via organ bath. The expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, PDE5, muscarinic cholinergic receptor (CHRM) isoforms and PDE4 isoforms in bladder were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. The immunolocalization of the PDE5 protein and its functional activity were also determined. PBOO bladder tissue exhibited significant SM hypertrophy and elevated responsiveness to KCl depolarization and the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol. NOS isoforms, PDE5, CHRM2, CHRM3 and PDE4A were up‐regulated in obstructed bladder tissue, whereas no change in PDE4B and PDE4D isoform expression was observed. With regard to PDE5, it was expressed in the SM bundles of bladder. Interestingly, obstructed bladder exhibited less relaxation responsiveness to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but an exaggerated PDE5 inhibition effect. The up‐regulation of PDE5 could contribute to the lack of effect on Qmax for benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptom (BPH/LUTS) patients treated with PDE5 inhibitors. Moreover, PDE5 (with presence of NO) and PDE4 may serve as new therapeutic targets for bladder diseases such as BPH‐induced LUTS and overactive bladder (OAB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang He
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoquan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaofeng Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Daxing Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Dalghi MG, Montalbetti N, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. The Urothelium: Life in a Liquid Environment. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1621-1705. [PMID: 32191559 PMCID: PMC7717127 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, which lines the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra, forms a high-resistance but adaptable barrier that surveils its mechanochemical environment and communicates changes to underlying tissues including afferent nerve fibers and the smooth muscle. The goal of this review is to summarize new insights into urothelial biology and function that have occurred in the past decade. After familiarizing the reader with key aspects of urothelial histology, we describe new insights into urothelial development and regeneration. This is followed by an extended discussion of urothelial barrier function, including information about the roles of the glycocalyx, ion and water transport, tight junctions, and the cellular and tissue shape changes and other adaptations that accompany expansion and contraction of the lower urinary tract. We also explore evidence that the urothelium can alter the water and solute composition of urine during normal physiology and in response to overdistension. We complete the review by providing an overview of our current knowledge about the urothelial environment, discussing the sensor and transducer functions of the urothelium, exploring the role of circadian rhythms in urothelial gene expression, and describing novel research tools that are likely to further advance our understanding of urothelial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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