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Cao Z, Yang F, Wang J, Gu Z, Lin S, Wang P, An J, Liu T, Li Y, Li Y, Lin H, Zhao Y, He B. Indirubin Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors Targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and Histone Deacetylase for Treating Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15280-15296. [PMID: 34624191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To utilize the unique scaffold of a natural product indirubin, we herein adopted the strategy of combined pharmacophores to design and synthesize a series of novel indirubin derivatives as dual inhibitors against cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). Among them, the lead compound 8b with remarkable CDK2/4/6 and HDAC6 inhibitory activity of IC50 = 60.9 ± 2.9, 276 ± 22.3, 27.2 ± 4.2, and 128.6 ± 0.4 nM, respectively, can efficiently induce apoptosis and S-phase arrest in several cancer cell lines. In particular, compound 8b can prevent the proliferation of a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (A549) through the Mcl-1/XIAP/PARP axis, in agreement with the unique modes of action of the combined agents of HDAC inhibitors and CDK inhibitors. In an A549 xerograph model, compound 8b showed significant antitumor efficacy correlated with its dual inhibition. Our data demonstrated that compound 8b as a single agent could be a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy in combination with CDK and HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Fenfen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zhicheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shuxian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jianxiong An
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yonglong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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2
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Parry N, Wheadon H, Copland M. The application of BH3 mimetics in myeloid leukemias. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:222. [PMID: 33637708 PMCID: PMC7908010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Execution of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is controlled by the BCL-2 proteins at the level of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). This family of proteins consists of prosurvival (e.g., BCL-2, MCL-1) and proapoptotic (e.g., BIM, BAD, HRK) members, the functional balance of which dictates the activation of BAX and BAK. Once activated, BAX/BAK form pores in the MOM, resulting in cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, leading to apoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cleavage of intracellular targets. This pathway is induced by cellular stress including DNA damage, cytokine and growth factor withdrawal, and chemotherapy/drug treatment. A well-documented defense of leukemia cells is to shift the balance of the BCL-2 family in favor of the prosurvival proteins to protect against such intra- and extracellular stimuli. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the prosurvival proteins, named 'BH3 mimetics', have come to the fore in recent years to treat hematological malignancies, both as single agents and in combination with standard-of-care therapies. The most significant example of these is the BCL-2-specific inhibitor venetoclax, given in combination with standard-of-care therapies with great success in AML in clinical trials. As the number and variety of available BH3 mimetics increases, and investigations into applying these novel inhibitors to treat myeloid leukemias continue apace the need to evaluate where we currently stand in this rapidly expanding field is clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narissa Parry
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Xiang L, He B, Liu Q, Hu D, Liao W, Li R, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhao G. Antitumor effects of curcumin on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma HCT‑116 cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1997-2008. [PMID: 33000266 PMCID: PMC7550984 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the main component of the Chinese herbal plant turmeric, which has been demonstrated to possess antitumor and other pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on the viability, migration and apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, it was investigated whether the antitumor effect of curcumin on HCT-116 cells could match that of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). HCT-116 cells were treated with curcumin (10, 20 and 30 µM) and 5-FU (500 µM), and cell viability and proliferation were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, respectively. The migration and invasion of treated cells were determined using Transwell and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl amino ester fluorescent labeling assays. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rates were detected by flow cytometry. Furthermore, cell morphology changes associated with apoptosis were observed by fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining. To investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms, the gene and protein levels of Fas, Fas-associated via death domain (FADD), caspase-8, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, E-cadherin and claudin-3 were detected using quantitative PCR analysis, zymography and western blotting. The results revealed that curcumin markedly inhibited the viability and proliferation of HCT-116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The migration, aggregation and invasion of HCT-116 cells into the lungs of mice were decreased by curcumin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. S-phase arrest and gradually increased apoptotic rates of HCT-116 cells were observed with increasing curcumin concentrations. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-associated proteins (Fas, FADD, caspase-8 and caspase-3) and E-cadherin in HCT-116 cells were upregulated following treatment with curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, the expression of migration-associated proteins, including MMP-9, NF-κB and claudin-3, was downregulated with increasing curcumin concentrations. These data suggested that the inhibitory effect of curcumin on HCT-116 cells may match that of 5-FU. Therefore, curcumin induced cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell metastasis by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and its therapeutic effect may be comparable to that of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liao
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Ruochan Li
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Peng
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Duan Z, Wei B, Deng J, Mi Y, Dong Y, Zhu C, Fu R, Qu L, Fan D. The anti-tumor effect of ginsenoside Rh4 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:482-487. [PMID: 29596831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a tremendous threat to humans in many countries, and thus we need to find safe and effective drugs for treatment. Ginsenoside Rh4 has been reported to be present in processed ginseng. However, few studies have focused on its anti-tumor activity. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rh4 on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the pathways that promote apoptosis in vitro. To study the effect of ginsenoside Rh4 in vivo, xenograft models were randomly divided into 3 groups (the control group, 10 mg/kg/d Rh4, 20 mg/kg/d Rh4, n = 10 per group), the ginsenoside Rh4 injection method was i.p. The results showed that ginsenoside Rh4 effectively inhibited proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in S phase and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by flow cytometry. Morphological changes caused by ginsenoside Rh4-induced apoptosis were also observed by Hoechst 33342 staining. Western-blot analyses indicated that the apoptosis-inducing effects of ginsenoside Rh4 were associated with the external pathway by decreasing Bcl-2, increasing Bax, and activating caspase-8, -3 and PARP. Moreover, ginsenoside Rh4 significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 tumor cells in vivo. These results suggested that ginsenoside Rh4 could be a potentially effective anti-tumor drug for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yu Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yangfang Dong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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5
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Wu TY, Cho TY, Lu CK, Liou JP, Chen MC. Identification of 7-(4'-Cyanophenyl)indoline-1-benzenesulfonamide as a mitotic inhibitor to induce apoptotic cell death and inhibit autophagy in human colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12406. [PMID: 28963527 PMCID: PMC5622076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cellular mitosis in tumor cells is an attractive cancer treatment strategy. Here, we report that B220, a synthetic benzenesulfonamide compound, could represent a new mitotic inhibitor for the treatment of colorectal cancer. We examined the action mechanism of B220 in the colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cell line, and found that treatment of cells with B220 caused cells to accumulate in G2/M phase, with a concomitant induction of the mitotic phase markers, MPM2 and cyclin B1. After 48 h of B220 treatment, cells underwent apoptotic cell death via caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In addition, B220 inhibits autophagy by blocking conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I) to LC3-II and inhibiting autophagic flux. Notably, blockade of autophagy by pharmacological inhibition or using an Atg5-targeting shRNA reduced B220-induced cytotoxicity. Conversely, the autophagy inducer NVP-BEZ235 shows a synergistic interaction with B220 in HCT116 cells, indicating autophagy was required for the observed cell death. In summary, these results indicate B220 combined with the induction of autophagy using the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BEZ235, might be an attractive strategy for cancer therapy, and provides a framework for further development of B220 as a new therapeutic agent for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cho
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li X, Lu J, Kan Q, Li X, Fan Q, Li Y, Huang R, Slipicevic A, Dong HP, Eide L, Wang J, Zhang H, Berge V, Goscinski MA, Kvalheim G, Nesland JM, Suo Z. Metabolic reprogramming is associated with flavopiridol resistance in prostate cancer DU145 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5081. [PMID: 28698547 PMCID: PMC5506068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavopiridol (FP) is a pan-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, which shows strong efficacy in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Although FP is potent against most cancer cells in vitro, unfortunately it proved less efficacious in clinical trials in various aggressive cancers. To date, the molecular mechanisms of the FP resistance are mostly unknown. Here, we report that a small fraction human prostate cancer DU145 cells can survive long-term FP treatment and emerge as FP-resistant cells (DU145FP). These DU145FP cells show accumulated mitochondrial lesions with stronger glycolytic features, and they proliferate in slow-cycling and behave highly migratory with strong anti-apoptotic potential. In addition, the cells are less sensitive to cisplatin and docetaxel-induced apoptotic pressure, and over-express multiple stem cell associated biomarkers. Our studies collectively uncover for the first time that FP-resistant prostate cancer cells show metabolic remodeling, and the metabolic plasticity might be required for the FP resistance-associated cancer cell stemness up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ruixia Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Ana Slipicevic
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Hiep Phuc Dong
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | - Junbai Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Viktor Berge
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Departments of Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, Cancer Institute, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway.
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway.
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7
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Ong PS, Wang L, Chia DMH, Seah JYX, Kong LR, Thuya WL, Chinnathambi A, Lau JYA, Wong ALA, Yong WP, Yang D, Ho PCL, Sethi G, Goh BC. A novel combinatorial strategy using Seliciclib(®) and Belinostat(®) for eradication of non-small cell lung cancer via apoptosis induction and BID activation. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:49-57. [PMID: 27461583 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With conventional anticancer agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) reaching therapeutic ceiling, the novel combination using histone deacetylase inhibitor, PXD101 (Belinostat(®)), and CDK inhibitor, CYC202 (Seliciclib(®)), was investigated as an alternative anticancer strategy. At clinically achievable concentration of CYC202 (15 µM), combination therapy resulted in significant reduction in cell proliferation (IC50 = 3.67 ± 0.80 µM, p < 0.05) compared with PXD101 alone (IC50 = 6.56 ± 0.42 µM) in p53 wild-type A549 cells. Significant increase in apoptosis that occurred independently of cell cycle arrest was observed after concurrent treatment. This result was corroborated by greater formation of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-3 and PARP. Up-regulation of p53 and truncated BID protein levels was seen while Mcl-1 and XIAP protein levels were down-regulated upon combined treatment. Further analysis of apoptotic pathways revealed that caspase inhibitors, but not p53 silencing, significantly abrogated the cytotoxic enhancement. Moreover, the enhanced efficacy of this combination was additionally confirmed in p53 null H2444 cells, suggesting the potential of this combination for treatment of NSCLC that are not amenable to effects of conventional p53-inducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Li-Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win-Lwin Thuya
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie-Ying Amelia Lau
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology & Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology & Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Daiwen Yang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology & Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore.
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8
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Bose P, Grant S. Orphan drug designation for pracinostat, volasertib and alvocidib in AML. Leuk Res 2014; 38:862-5. [PMID: 24996975 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Bose
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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9
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Bishton M, Kenealy M, Johnstone R, Rasheed W, Prince HM. Epigenetic targets in hematological malignancies: combination therapies with HDACis and demethylating agents. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:1439-49. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.10.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Chen X, Stewart E, Shelat AA, Qu C, Bahrami A, Hatley M, Wu G, Bradley C, McEvoy J, Pappo A, Spunt S, Valentine MB, Valentine V, Krafcik F, Lang WH, Wierdl M, Tsurkan L, Tolleman V, Federico SM, Morton C, Lu C, Ding L, Easton J, Rusch M, Nagahawatte P, Wang J, Parker M, Wei L, Hedlund E, Finkelstein D, Edmonson M, Shurtleff S, Boggs K, Mulder H, Yergeau D, Skapek S, Hawkins DS, Ramirez N, Potter PM, Sandoval JA, Davidoff AM, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Zhang J, Downing JR, Dyer MA. Targeting oxidative stress in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:710-24. [PMID: 24332040 PMCID: PMC3904731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft-tissue sarcoma with molecular and cellular features of developing skeletal muscle. Rhabdomyosarcoma has two major histologic subtypes, embryonal and alveolar, each with distinct clinical, molecular, and genetic features. Genomic analysis shows that embryonal tumors have more structural and copy number variations than alveolar tumors. Mutations in the RAS/NF1 pathway are significantly associated with intermediate- and high-risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS). In contrast, alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS) have fewer genetic lesions overall and no known recurrently mutated cancer consensus genes. To identify therapeutics for ERMS, we developed and characterized orthotopic xenografts of tumors that were sequenced in our study. High-throughput screening of primary cultures derived from those xenografts identified oxidative stress as a pathway of therapeutic relevance for ERMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mark Hatley
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cori Bradley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Justina McEvoy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alberto Pappo
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sheri Spunt
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marcus B Valentine
- Cytogenetics Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Virginia Valentine
- Cytogenetics Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fred Krafcik
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Walter H Lang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Monika Wierdl
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lyudmila Tsurkan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Viktor Tolleman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sara M Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chris Morton
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Charles Lu
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Li Ding
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Panduka Nagahawatte
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthew Parker
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Erin Hedlund
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael Edmonson
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sheila Shurtleff
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristy Boggs
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Donald Yergeau
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Steve Skapek
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Douglas S Hawkins
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nilsa Ramirez
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michael A Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M. Novel thiazole derivatives: a patent review (2008 – 2012; Part 1). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 24:201-16. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.858121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Ren X, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang H, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Guo Q, Song G, Bi K, Jiang G. Enhancement of baicalin by hexamethylene bisacetamide on the induction of apoptosis contributes to simultaneous activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in human leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2071-80. [PMID: 23970138 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) and natural flavanoid baicalin both exert potent antileukemic activity. However, there is currently no data on the anti-leukemic effects of baicalin in combination with HMBA. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of baicalin and HMBA synergistically inhibited the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. In addition, a slight G0/G1 phase arrest and significant apoptosis were observed. The combination treatment triggered apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, which involved loss of MMP, decreased Bcl‑2/Bax ratio and Bcl‑XL/Bax ratio, caspase‑9 activation, as well as through the extrinsic pathway mediated by Fas and caspase‑8 activation. On the other hand, combination of baicalin and HMBA showed little toxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. Our results raise the possibility that the novel combination of baicalin and HMBA may be a promising regimen for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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13
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Tula-Sanchez AA, Havas AP, Alonge PJ, Klein ME, Doctor SR, Pinkston W, Glinsmann-Gibson BJ, Rimsza LM, Smith CL. A model of sensitivity and resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors in diffuse large B cell lymphoma: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:949-61. [PMID: 23982416 PMCID: PMC3926892 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.25941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. While the initial treatment strategy is highly effective, relapse occurs in 40% of cases. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a promising class of anti-cancer drugs but their single agent efficacy against relapsed DLBCL has been variable, ranging from few complete/partial responses to some stable disease. However, most patients showed no response to HDACi monotherapy for unknown reasons. Here we show that sensitivity and resistance to the hydroxamate HDACi, PXD101, can be modeled in DLBCL cell lines. Sensitivity is characterized by G2/M arrest and apoptosis and resistance by reversible G1 growth arrest. These responses to PXD101 are independent of several negative prognostic indicators such as DLBCL subtype, BCL2 and MYC co-expression, and p53 mutation, suggesting that HDACi might be used effectively against highly aggressive DLBCL tumors if they are combined with other therapeutics that overcome HDACi resistance. Our investigation of mechanisms underlying HDACi resistance showed that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), p21 and p27, are upregulated by PXD101 in a sustained fashion in resistant cell lines concomitant with decreased activity of the cyclin E/cdk2 complex and decreased Rb phosphorylation. PXD101 treatment results in increased association of CKI with the cyclin E/cdk2 complex in resistant cell lines but not in a sensitive line, indicating that the CKIs play a key role in G1 arrest. The results suggest several treatment strategies that might increase the efficacy of HDACi against aggressive DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Tula-Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
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14
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Bose P, Simmons GL, Grant S. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor therapy for hematologic malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:723-38. [PMID: 23647051 PMCID: PMC4039040 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.789859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell cycle progression. Certain CDKs (e.g., CDK7, CDK9) also control cellular transcription. Consequently, CDKs represent attractive targets for anticancer drug development, as their aberrant expression is common in diverse malignancies, and CDK inhibition can trigger apoptosis. CDK inhibition may be particularly successful in hematologic malignancies, which are more sensitive to inhibition of cell cycling and apoptosis induction. AREAS COVERED A number of CDK inhibitors, ranging from pan-CDK inhibitors such as flavopiridol (alvocidib) to highly selective inhibitors of specific CDKs (e.g., CDK4/6), such as PD0332991, that are currently in various phases of development, are profiled in this review. Flavopiridol induces cell cycle arrest, and globally represses transcription via CDK9 inhibition. The latter may represent its major mechanism of action via down-regulation of multiple short-lived proteins. In early phase trials, flavopiridol has shown encouraging efficacy across a wide spectrum of hematologic malignancies. Early results with dinaciclib and PD0332991 also appear promising. EXPERT OPINION In general, the antitumor efficacy of CDK inhibitor monotherapy is modest, and rational combinations are being explored, including those involving other targeted agents. While selective CDK4/6 inhibition might be effective against certain malignancies, broad-spectrum CDK inhibition will likely be required for most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Bose
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gary L Simmons
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, 1101 E Marshall
St, Sanger Hall, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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15
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YANG YW, LU JK, QING EM, DONG XH, WANG CB, ZHANG J, ZHAO LY, GAO ZF, CHENG WP. Post-conditioning by xenon reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56:1325-31. [PMID: 22621442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective effects of xenon post-conditioning following spinal cord injury remain unknown. We monitored the effect of xenon post-conditioning on the spinal cord following ischaemia-reperfusion injury and determined its mechanism of action. METHODS Spinal cord ischaemia was induced following balloon occlusion of the thoracic aorta in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into three groups (n = 30 in each group). The control group underwent ischaemia-reperfusion injury and immediately inhaled 50% (v/v) nitrogen at the time of reperfusion for 60 min continuously. The xenon-post-conditioning group underwent the same surgical procedure and immediately inhaled 50% (v/v) xenon at the time of reperfusion for 60 min continuously. The sham operation group underwent the same surgical procedure without aortic catheter occlusion and inhaled the same gas as that in control rats. Neurologic function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score at 4, 24, and 48 h after reperfusion. Histological changes were observed using Nissl staining, the ultrastructure of the spinal cord was examined using transmission electron microscopy, and apoptosis was monitored using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the xenon-post-conditioning group showed improved neurologic outcomes (11.3 ± 1.6 vs. 15.7 ± 3.1, respectively) and had more morphologically normal neurons (6 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 3) at 48 h after reperfusion. Moreover, apoptotic cell death in xenon-treated rats was reduced when compared with control rats (18.29 ± 3.06 vs. 27.34 ± 3.63, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Xenon post-conditioning exerts a neuroprotective effect on the spinal cord following ischaemia-reperfusion injury via its anti-apoptotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. W. YANG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - J. K. LU
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - E. M. QING
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - X. H. DONG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - C. B. WANG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - J. ZHANG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - L. Y. ZHAO
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - Z. F. GAO
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
| | - W. P. CHENG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases; Beijing; China
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Pallis M, Abdul-Aziz A, Burrows F, Seedhouse C, Grundy M, Russell N. The multi-kinase inhibitor TG02 overcomes signalling activation by survival factors to deplete MCL1 and XIAP and induce cell death in primary acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:191-203. [PMID: 22934750 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The novel multi-kinase inhibitor TG02 has selectivity against cell cycle and transcriptional cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) as well as fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (FLT3). Inhibition of transcriptional CDKs preferentially depletes short-lived proteins such as MCL1. We evaluated the in vitro toxicity of TG02 to primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells in the presence of survival signalling pathway activation by cytokines and fibronectin. One hundred nanomolar TG02 induced a median decrease of 40% in bulk cell survival and 43% in the CD34(+) CD38(-) CD123(+) subset. A 90% inhibitory concentration of 500 nmol/l indicated that TG02 toxicity is not halted by protective cell cycle arrest. Samples with FLT3 internal tandem duplication were not preferentially targeted. By flow cytometry, TG02 treatment caused loss of RNA Polymerase II serine 2 phosphorylation in patient samples, which correlated strongly with BAX activation (R(2) =0·89), suggesting these as potential biomarkers for clinical studies. MCL1 and XIAP expression also decreased. Repeated brief exposure to TG02 in MOLM-13 cells did not result in compensatory up-regulation of survival protein expression. In conclusion, TG02 is potently cytotoxic towards CD34(+) CD38(-) CD123(+) and bulk AML cells, despite protective signalling pathway activation. This antitumour activity is most likely mediated by dephosphorylation of RNA Polymerase II leading to depletion of survival molecules such as MCL1 and XIAP, with subsequent BAX activation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pallis
- Academic Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals City Campus, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham, UK.
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17
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Dasmahapatra G, Lembersky D, Son MP, Patel H, Peterson D, Attkisson E, Fisher RI, Friedberg JW, Dent P, Grant S. Obatoclax interacts synergistically with the irreversible proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in GC- and ABC-DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1122-32. [PMID: 22411899 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the irreversible proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib and the pan-BH3 mimetic obatoclax were examined in germinal center (GC)- and activated B-cell-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) cells. Cotreatment with minimally toxic concentrations of carfilzomib (i.e., 2-6 nmol/L) and subtoxic concentrations of obatoclax (0.05-2.0 μmol/L) synergistically increased apoptosis in multiple DLBCL cell lines and increased lethality toward primary human DLBCL but not normal CD34(+) cells. Synergistic interactions were associated with sharp increases in caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, p-JNK induction, upregulation of Noxa, and AKT dephosphorylation. Combined treatment also diminished carfilzomib-mediated Mcl-1 upregulation whereas immunoprecipitation analysis revealed reduced associations between Bak and Mcl-1/Bcl-xL and Bim and Mcl-1. The carfilzomib/obatoclax regimen triggered translocation, conformational change, and dimerization of Bax and activation of Bak. Genetic interruption of c-jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) and Noxa by short hairpin RNA knockdown, ectopic Mcl-1 expression, or enforced activation of AKT significantly attenuated carfilzomib/obatoclax-mediated apoptosis. Notably, coadministration of carfilzomib/obatoclax sharply increased apoptosis in multiple bortezomib-resistant DLBCL models. Finally, in vivo administration of carfilzomib and obatoclax to mice inoculated with SUDHL4 cells substantially suppressed tumor growth, activated JNK, inactivated AKT, and increased survival compared with the effects of single-agent treatment. Together, these findings argue that a strategy combining carfilzomib and obatoclax warrants attention in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Dasmahapatra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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18
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Wang L, Harshman SW, Liu S, Ren C, Xu H, Sallans L, Grever M, Byrd JC, Marcucci G, Freitas MA. Assaying pharmacodynamic endpoints with targeted therapy: flavopiridol and 17AAG induced dephosphorylation of histone H1.5 in acute myeloid leukemia. Proteomics 2011; 10:4281-92. [PMID: 21110323 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone H1 is commonly used to assay kinase activity in vitro. As many promising targeted therapies affect kinase activity of specific enzymes involved in cancer transformation, H1 phosphorylation can serve as potential pharmacodynamic marker for drug activity within the cell. In this study we utilized a phosphoproteomic workflow to characterize histone H1 phosphorylation changes associated with two targeted therapies in the Kasumi-1 acute myeloid leukemia cell line. The phosphoproteomic workflow was first validated with standard casein phosphoproteins and then applied to the direct analysis of histone H1 from Kasumi-1 nuclear lysates. Ten H1 phosphorylation sites were identified on the H1 variants, H1.2, H1.3, H1.4, H1.5 and H1.x. LC MS profiling of intact H1s demonstrated global dephosphorylation of H1.5 associated with therapy by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol and the Heat Shock Protein 90 inhibitor, 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. In contrast, independent treatments with a nucleotide analog, proteosome inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor did not exhibit decreased H1.5 phosphorylation. The data presented herein demonstrate that potential of histones to assess the cellular response of reagents that have direct and indirect effects on kinase activity that alters histone phosphorylation. As such, this approach may be a highly informative marker for response to targeted therapies influencing histone phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
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19
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B1, a Novel Amonafide Analogue, Overcomes the Resistance Conferred by Bcl-2 in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL60 Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:1619-32. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Ocker M. Deacetylase inhibitors - focus on non-histone targets and effects. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:55-61. [PMID: 21540990 PMCID: PMC3083950 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i5.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of protein deacetylases have recently been established as a novel therapeutic principle for several human diseases, including cancer. The original notion of the mechanism of action of these compounds focused on the epigenetic control of transcriptional processes, especially of tumor suppressor genes, by interfering with the acetylation status of nuclear histone proteins, hence the name histone deacetylase inhibitors was coined. Yet, this view could not explain the high specificity for tumor cells and recent evidence now suggests that non-histone proteins represent major targets for protein deacetylase inhibitors and that the post-translational modification of the acetylome is involved in various cellular processes of differentiation, survival and cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ocker
- Matthias Ocker, Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
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21
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Dickson MA, Rathkopf DE, Carvajal RD, Grant S, Roberts JD, Reid JM, Ames MM, McGovern RM, Lefkowitz RA, Gonen M, Cane LM, Dials HJ, Schwartz GK. A phase I pharmacokinetic study of pulse-dose vorinostat with flavopiridol in solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1004-12. [PMID: 20461440 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vorinostat (V) at levels >2.5 µM enhances chemotherapy in vitro. Yet the approved oral dose of 400 mg inconsistently achieves this level in patients. We developed an intermittent oral pulse-dose schedule of V to increase serum levels. We combined V with the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol (F) which increases V-induced apoptosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One week before combination treatment, V alone was given daily for 3d (cycle -1). Then V was given on d1-3 and d8-10, and F on d2 and d9, every 21-d. Due to neutropenia, this was modified to V on d1-3 and d15-17, and F on d2 and d16, every 28-d. Bolus and split-dose F schedules were studied. RESULTS 34 patients were treated. On the 21-d schedule, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was V 600 mg/d and F 60 mg/m(2) bolus. On the 28-d schedule, the MTD was V 800 mg/d and F 30 mg/m(2) over 30 min and 30 mg/m(2) over 4 h. V C(max) at the 800 mg dose was 4.8 µM (± 2.8). V C(max) ≥ 2.5 µM was achieved in 86% of patients at the MTD. F increased the C(max) of V by 27% (95% CI 11%-43%). F C(max) of ≥ 2 µM was achieved in 90% of patients. 8 patients had stable disease for on average 5.5 m (range 1.6-13.2 m). CONCLUSIONS Intermittent high dose oral V in combination with F is feasible and achieves target serum levels >2.5 µM. V concentrations higher than previously reported with oral dosing were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Andrew Dickson
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Kim JY, Shen S, Dietz K, He Y, Howell O, Reynolds R, Casaccia P. HDAC1 nuclear export induced by pathological conditions is essential for the onset of axonal damage. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13:180-9. [PMID: 20037577 PMCID: PMC2829989 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in transcriptional repression. We detected cytosolic HDAC1 in damaged axons in brains of humans with multiple sclerosis and of mice with cuprizone-induced demyelination, in ex vivo models of demyelination and in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Nuclear export of HDAC1 was mediated by the interaction with the nuclear receptor CRM-1 and led to impaired mitochondrial transport. The formation of complexes between exported HDAC1 and members of the kinesin family of motor proteins hindered the interaction with cargo molecules, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial movement and inducing localized beading. This effect was prevented by inhibiting HDAC1 nuclear export with leptomycin B, treating neurons with pharmacological inhibitors of HDAC activity or silencing HDAC1 but not other HDAC isoforms. Together these data identify nuclear export of HDAC1 as a critical event for impaired mitochondrial transport in damaged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Kim
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience at the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Siming Shen
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience at the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Karen Dietz
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics & Genomics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. One Gustave Levy Place. Box 1065. New York NY 10029
| | - Ye He
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics & Genomics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. One Gustave Levy Place. Box 1065. New York NY 10029
| | - Owain Howell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience at the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics & Genomics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. One Gustave Levy Place. Box 1065. New York NY 10029
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23
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Cheng B, Wang X, Wang L, Cao K, Duan L, Li FT. [Changes of mitochondrial apoptosis in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects of Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection preconditioning intervention in rabbits]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 7:842-7. [PMID: 19747440 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20090909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial apoptosis in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury and the effects of Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection preconditioning intervention. METHODS Sixty Japanese rabbits were divided into sham-operated group, ischemia group, ischemia-reperfusion group (1, 6, 24 and 48 h), and Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group (1, 6, 24 and 48 h). Clamping the abdominal aorta was used to construct the rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. The rabbits in the ischemia-reperfusion group and the Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group underwent reperfusion for 1, 6, 24, 48 h respectively after fifty-minute ischemia. The rabbits in the Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group were administered with Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection at 9 mg/kg 30 minutes before ischemia. Rate of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry; contents of caspase-9 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in cytoplasm and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with the sham-operated group and the ischemia group, the rates of apoptotic cells, the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm were increased at all time points after reperfusion, and the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in serum were decreased after 1 h and 6 h reperfusion, and increased after 24 h and 48 h reperfusion in the ischemia-reperfusion group. Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection intervention could decrease the rate of apoptotic cells and the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm and serum as compared with those in the ischemia-reperfusion group, and the effects appeared after 1 h reperfusion. CONCLUSION The apoptosis of nerve cells after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion is related to the mitochondrial pathways. Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection can inhibit nerve cell apoptosis by decreasing the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm and serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cheng
- Third Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Lee JS, Jeong SH, Soung YH, Kim TH, Choi HJ, Park BS, Kwon TK, Yoo YH. SAHA treatment overcomes the anti-apoptotic effects of Bcl-2 and is associated with the formation of mature PML nuclear bodies in human leukemic U937 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dasmahapatra G, Lembersky D, Rahmani M, Kramer L, Friedberg J, Fisher RI, Dent P, Grant S. Bcl-2 antagonists interact synergistically with bortezomib in DLBCL cells in association with JNK activation and induction of ER stress. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:808-19. [PMID: 19270531 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.9.8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying interactions between the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and small molecule Bcl-2 antagonists were examined in GC- and ABC-type human DLBCL (diffuse lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma) cells. Concomitant or sequential exposure to non- or minimally toxic concentrations of bortezomib or other proteasome inhibitors and either HA14-1 or gossypol resulted in a striking increase in Bax/Bak conformational change/translocation, cytochrome c release, caspase activation and synergistic induction of apoptosis in both GC- and ABC-type cells. These events were associated with a sharp increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and evidence of ER stress induction (e.g., eIF2alpha phosphorylation, activation of caspases-2 and -4, and Grp78 upregulation). Pharmacologic or genetic (e.g., shRNA knockdown) interruption of JNK signaling attenuated HA14-1/bortezomib lethality and ER stress induction. Genetic disruption of the ER stress pathway (e.g., in cells expressing caspase-4 shRNA or DN-eIF2alpha) significantly attenuated lethality. The toxicity of this regimen was independent of ROS generation. Finally, HA14-1 significantly increased bortezomib-mediated JNK activation, ER stress induction, and lethality in bortezomib-resistant cells. Collectively these findings indicate that small molecule Bcl-2 antagonists promote bortezomib-mediated mitochondrial injury and lethality in DLBCL cells in association with enhanced JNK activation and ER stress induction. They also raise the possibility that such a strategy may be effective in different DLBCL sub-types (e.g., GC- or ABC), and in bortezomib-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Dasmahapatra
- Department of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Abstract
While cure rates of over 80% are achieved in contemporary pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) protocols, most adults with ALL succumb to their disease, and little progress has been made in the treatment of refractory and relapsed ALL. Moreover, the burden of therapy is high in a significant number of newly diagnosed patients, and in all those with relapse. Early response to therapy measured by minimal residual disease evaluation has proven the single most important prognostic factor and is increasingly used in risk stratification. However, as the benefit from intensification of frontline therapy becomes limiting, it becomes increasingly challenging to rescue patients who fail on contemporary risk-adapted protocols. New therapeutic strategies are needed, not only in salvage regimens but also in frontline protocols for patients who are at high risk of relapse. Current novel approaches include new formulations of existing chemotherapeutic agents, new antimetabolites and nucleoside analogs, monoclonal antibodies against leukemic-associated antigens, cellular immunotherapy, and molecular therapeutics. Some have already been adopted into standard regimens, while others remain in early stages of development. This review summarizes the current status of these novel therapies as they get integrated into ALL regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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27
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Stromberg PE, Woolsey CA, Clark AT, Clark JA, Turnbull IR, McConnell KW, Chang KC, Chung CS, Ayala A, Buchman TG, Hotchkiss RS, Coopersmith CM. CD4+ lymphocytes control gut epithelial apoptosis and mediate survival in sepsis. FASEB J 2009; 23:1817-25. [PMID: 19158156 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-119024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes help determine whether gut epithelial cells proliferate or differentiate but are not known to affect whether they live or die. Here, we report that lymphocytes play a controlling role in mediating gut epithelial apoptosis in sepsis but not under basal conditions. Gut epithelial apoptosis is similar in unmanipulated Rag-1(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. However, Rag-1(-/-) animals have a 5-fold augmentation in gut epithelial apoptosis following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) compared to septic WT mice. Reconstitution of lymphocytes in Rag-1(-/-) mice via adoptive transfer decreases intestinal apoptosis to levels seen in WT animals. Subset analysis indicates that CD4(+) but not CD8(+), gammadelta, or B cells are responsible for the antiapoptotic effect of lymphocytes on the gut epithelium. Gut-specific overexpression of Bcl-2 in transgenic mice decreases mortality following CLP. This survival benefit is lymphocyte dependent since gut-specific overexpression of Bcl-2 fails to alter survival when the transgene is overexpressed in Rag-1(-/-) mice. Further, adoptively transferring lymphocytes to Rag-1(-/-) mice that simultaneously overexpress gut-specific Bcl-2 results in improved mortality following sepsis. Thus, sepsis unmasks CD4(+) lymphocyte control of gut apoptosis that is not present under homeostatic conditions, which acts as a key determinant of both cellular survival and host mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Stromberg
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Jeong SH, Jo WS, Song S, Suh H, Seol SY, Leem SH, Kwon TK, Yoo YH. A novel resveratrol derivative, HS1793, overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2 in human leukemic U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1337-47. [PMID: 19426672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties associated with resveratrol offer promise for the design of new chemotherapeutic agents. However, resveratrol is not a potent cytotoxic compound when compared with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, several studies were undertaken to obtain synthetic analogues of resveratrol with potent activity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether four resveratrol analogues (HS-1784, -1792, -1791 and -1793) that we had designed and synthesized show antitumor activity. Here, we observed that all of these resveratrol analogues displayed stronger antitumor effects than resveratrol in most cancer cells tested. We further examined whether HS-1793, showing potent antitumor effects in most cancer cells tested, overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2, since overcoming the resistance conferred by Bcl-2 represents an attractive therapeutic strategy against cancer. Our viability assay showed that HS-1793 overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2 in human leukemic U937 cells. Various apoptosis assessment assays demonstrated that HS-1793 overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2 in human leukemic U937 cells by inducing apoptosis. Noticeably, we elucidated the marked downregulation of 14-3-3 protein by HS-1793, indicating that HS-1793 overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2 in U937 cells via 14-3-3. We also observed that HS-1793 exerts its antitumor activity via Bad. However, overall data obtained from methylation specific PCR, RT-PCR and real-time PCR suggest that HS-1793 plays a role in the downregulation of 14-3-3 at a post-transcriptional level. Further understanding exactly how HS-1793 overcomes the resistance conferred by Bcl-2 via 14-3-3 may guide the development of future anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Medical Science Research Center, 3-1 Dongdaesin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 602-714, South Korea
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29
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Jin CY, Park C, Lee JH, Chung KT, Kwon TK, Kim GY, Choi BT, Choi YH. Naringenin-induced apoptosis is attenuated by Bcl-2 but restored by the small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA 14-1, in human leukemia U937 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 23:259-65. [PMID: 19124070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin, a naturally occurring citrus flavonone, has shown cytotoxicity in various human cancer cell lines as well as inhibitory effects on tumor growth and there is increasing interest in its therapeutic applications. In this study, the effect of ectopic Bcl-2 expression on naringenin-induced apoptosis was investigated. We found that Bcl-2 overexpression markedly protected human leukemia U937 cells from time- and dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by naringenin, as did caspase-3 and caspase-9 inhibitors. Additionally, Bcl-2 overexpression attenuated naringenin-induced Bax translocation and cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Our results also indicated that co-administration of HA14-1 and naringenin increased apoptosis in Bcl-2 overexpressing U937 cells by restoring mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, as well as by cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, these observations indicate that Bcl-2 confers apoptosis resistance to naringenin by inhibiting a mitochondrial amplification step in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Biomaterial Control (BK21 program), Dongeui University Graduate School, Yangjung-dong San 45, Busanjin-gu, Busan 614-052, South Korea
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Wang X, Patel R, Studzinski GP. hKSR-2, a vitamin D-regulated gene, inhibits apoptosis in arabinocytosine-treated HL60 leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2798-806. [PMID: 18790760 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ras signaling can be modulated by the scaffolding activity of kinase suppressor of Ras-1 (KSR-1) and by the hKSR-2 protein, resulting in diverse phenotypic outcomes. The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade downstream from Ras and KSRs includes Raf-1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinases, known to enhance survival potential of a range of cell types. Because the molecular events that increase survival of HL60 cells induced to differentiate toward monocytic phenotype by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] are not known, we investigated if KSR proteins provide a survival function in these cells. We found that whereas kinase suppressor of Ras-1 had no detectable effect on cell survival in the system studied here, 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced up-regulation of hKSR-2 enhanced the resistance of HL60 cells to arabinocytosine. Knockdown of hKSR-2 by either small interfering RNA or antisense oligonucleotides increased arabinocytosine-induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduced Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-2/Bad ratios, and increased caspase-3 activating cleavage. In contrast, up-regulation of Mcl-1 was not abrogated by anti-sense (AS) AS-hKSR-2, pointing to a specific role of Bcl-2 in control of 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced increased cell survival. These findings are consistent with the previously shown lack of fully differentiated monocytic cells in HL60 cultures exposed to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in which hKSR-2 was knocked down, suggesting that optimal differentiation of these cells requires enhanced antiapoptotic mechanisms provided, at least in part, by hKSR-2. Collectively, these results suggest that hKSR-2 may offer a new target for novel therapies of acute myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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31
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Flavopiridol causes early mitochondrial damage in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with impaired oxygen consumption and mobilization of intracellular calcium. Blood 2008; 111:3190-9. [PMID: 18192508 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective administration of flavopiridol in advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is often associated with early biochemical evidence of tumor cell lysis. Previous work using other cell types showed that flavopiridol impacts mitochondria, and in CLL cells flavopiridol down-regulates the mitochondrial protein Mcl-1. We therefore investigated mitochondrial structure and function in flavopiridol-treated CLL patient cells and in the lymphoblastic cell line 697 using concentrations and times at which tumor lysis is observed in treated patients. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was detected in flavopiridol-treated CLL cells by 6 hours, well before the onset of cell death. Flavopiridol-induced mitochondrial depolarization was not blocked by caspase inhibitors or by the calcium chelator EGTA, but was reduced by Bcl-2 overexpression. Intracellular calcium mobilization was noted at early time points using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry showed a gradual but significant reduction in cellular oxygen consumption rate by 6 hours, corresponding with ultrastructural mitochondrial damage detected by electron microscopy. These observations suggest that in CLL and 697 cells, flavopiridol mediates its cytotoxic effects via induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition and changes in intracellular calcium.
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32
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Pui CH, Jeha S. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:149-65. [PMID: 17268486 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although contemporary treatments cure more than 80% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), some patients require intensive treatment and many patients still develop serious acute and late complications owing to the side effects of the treatments. Furthermore, the survival rate for adults with ALL remains below 40%. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed to improve not only the cure rate but also the quality of life of these patients. Here, we discuss emerging new treatments that might improve the clinical outcome of patients with ALL. These include new formulations of existing chemotherapeutic agents, new antimetabolites and nucleoside analogues, monoclonal antibodies against leukaemia-associated antigens, and molecular therapies that target genetic abnormalities of the leukaemic cells and their affected signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
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33
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Riester D, Hildmann C, Schwienhorst A. Histone deacetylase inhibitors--turning epigenic mechanisms of gene regulation into tools of therapeutic intervention in malignant and other diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:499-514. [PMID: 17377788 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors reside among the most promising targeted anticancer agents that are potent inducers of growth arrest, differentiation, and/or apoptotic cell death of transformed cells. In October 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first drug of this new class, vorinostat (1, Zolinza, Merck). Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors more are in clinical trials. HDAC inhibitors have shown significant activity against a variety of hematological and solid tumors at doses that are well tolerated by patients, both in monotherapy as well as in combination therapy with other drugs. This paper reviews the most recent developments in HDAC inhibitor design, particularly in the context of anticancer therapy, and other possible pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Riester
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Preparative Molecular Biology, Institute for Microbiology und Genetics, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Darwiche N, El-Banna S, Gali-Muhtasib H. Cell cycle modulatory and apoptotic effects of plant-derived anticancer drugs in clinical use or development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:361-79. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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