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Goettig P, Koch NG, Budisa N. Non-Canonical Amino Acids in Analyses of Protease Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14035. [PMID: 37762340 PMCID: PMC10531186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All known organisms encode 20 canonical amino acids by base triplets in the genetic code. The cellular translational machinery produces proteins consisting mainly of these amino acids. Several hundred natural amino acids serve important functions in metabolism, as scaffold molecules, and in signal transduction. New side chains are generated mainly by post-translational modifications, while others have altered backbones, such as the β- or γ-amino acids, or they undergo stereochemical inversion, e.g., in the case of D-amino acids. In addition, the number of non-canonical amino acids has further increased by chemical syntheses. Since many of these non-canonical amino acids confer resistance to proteolytic degradation, they are potential protease inhibitors and tools for specificity profiling studies in substrate optimization and enzyme inhibition. Other applications include in vitro and in vivo studies of enzyme kinetics, molecular interactions and bioimaging, to name a few. Amino acids with bio-orthogonal labels are particularly attractive, enabling various cross-link and click reactions for structure-functional studies. Here, we cover the latest developments in protease research with non-canonical amino acids, which opens up a great potential, e.g., for novel prodrugs activated by proteases or for other pharmaceutical compounds, some of which have already reached the clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Goettig
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nikolaj G. Koch
- Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Bioanalytics Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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2
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Kovač V, Radošević K, Bebek A, Makarević J, Štefanić Z, Barišić L, Žinić M, Rapić V. The first oxalamide-bridged ferrocene: Facile synthesis, preliminary conformational analysis and biological evaluation. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kovač
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Department of Biochemical Engineering; Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformation, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Anica Bebek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Janja Makarević
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; POB 180 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Zoran Štefanić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; POB 180 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Lidija Barišić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mladen Žinić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; POB 180 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vladimir Rapić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 Zagreb Croatia
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3
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Pevzner LM. Synthesis of 4-functionalyzed 2,3-bis(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)furans. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363216020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Wang WM, Zhao ZL, Ma SR, Yu GT, Liu B, Zhang L, Zhang WF, Kulkarni AB, Sun ZJ, Zhao YF. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition reduces angiogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Notch1 in head neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119723. [PMID: 25723392 PMCID: PMC4344331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a marker of cancer development, affects response to radiotherapy sensibility. This preclinical study aims to understand the receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated angiogenesis in head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The receptor tyrosine kinase activity in a transgenic mouse model of HNSCC was assessed. The anti-tumorigenetic and anti-angiogenetic effects of cetuximab-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition were investigated in xenograft and transgenic mouse models of HNSCC. The signaling transduction of Notch1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was also analyzed. EGFR was overexpressed and activated in the Tgfbr1/Pten deletion (2cKO) mouse model of HNSCC. Cetuximab significantly delayed tumor onset by reducing tumor angiogenesis. This drug exerted similar effects on heterotopic xenograft tumors. In the human HNSCC tissue array, increased EGFR expression correlated with increased HIF-1α and micro vessel density. Cetuximab inhibited tumor-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by significantly downregulating HIF-1α and Notch1. EGFR is involved in the tumor angiogenesis of HNSCC via the HIF-1α and Notch1 pathways. Therefore, targeting EGFR by suppressing hypoxia- and Notch-induced angiogenesis may benefit HNSCC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cetuximab/pharmacology
- Cetuximab/therapeutic use
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Li Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Rui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (ZJS); (YFZ)
| | - Yi-Fang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (ZJS); (YFZ)
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5
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Gerovac BJ, Valencia M, Baumlin N, Salathe M, Conner GE, Fregien NL. Submersion and hypoxia inhibit ciliated cell differentiation in a notch-dependent manner. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:516-25. [PMID: 24754775 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0237oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium that lines the conducting airways is composed of several distinct cell types that differentiate from common progenitor cells. The signals that control fate selection and differentiation of ciliated cells, a major component of the epithelium, are not completely understood. Ciliated cell differentiation can be accomplished in vitro when primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells are cultured at an air-liquid interface, but is inhibited when NHBE cells are cultured under submerged conditions. The mechanism by which submersion prevents ciliogenesis is not understood, but may provide clues to in vivo regulation of ciliated cell differentiation. We hypothesized that submersion creates a hypoxic environment that prevents ciliated cell differentiation by blocking the gene expression program required for ciliogenesis. This was confirmed by showing that expression of multicilin and Forkhead box J1, key factors needed for ciliated cell differentiation, was inhibited when NHBE cells were cultured in submerged and hypoxic conditions. Multicilin and Forkhead box J1 expression and ciliated cell differentiation were restored in submerged and hypoxic cells upon treatment with the γ-secretase inhibitor, N-[(3,5-difluorophenyl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenyl]glycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT), which suggested that Notch signaling was involved. Overexpression of Notch intracellular domain inhibited differentiation in the presence of DAPT, confirming the role of Notch signaling. These results indicate that submersion and hypoxia prevent ciliated cell differentiation by maintaining Notch signaling, which represses genes necessary for ciliogenesis. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control human bronchial differentiation.
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6
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Conjugates of 1'-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid and proline: synthesis, conformational analysis and biological evaluation. Molecules 2014; 19:12852-80. [PMID: 25153883 PMCID: PMC6271532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that alteration of dipeptides Y-Fca-Ala-OMe (III) into Y-Ala-Fca-OMe (IV) (Y = Ac, Boc; Fca = 1'-aminoferrocene-1-carboxylic acid) significantly influenced their conformational space. The novel bioconjugates Y-Fca-Pro-OMe (1, Y = Ac; 2, Y = Boc) and Y-Pro-Fca-OMe (3, Y = Boc; 4, Y = Ac) have been prepared in order to investigate the influence of proline, a well-known turn-inducer, on the conformational properties of small organometallic peptides with an exchanged constituent amino acid sequences. For this purpose, peptides 1–4 were subjected to detailed spectroscopic analysis (IR, NMR, CD spectroscopy) in solution. The conformation of peptide 3 in the solid state was determined. Furthermore, the ability of the prepared conjugates to inhibit the growth of estrogen receptor-responsive MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells was tested.
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7
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Liao YF, Tang YC, Chang MY, Wang BJ, Hu MK. Discovery of small molecular (d)-leucinamides as potent, Notch-sparing γ-secretase modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:143-51. [PMID: 24732790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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8
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Chen CY, Liao YF, Chang MY, Hu MK. Difluorophenylglycinols as new modulators of proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor proteins. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 347:161-73. [PMID: 24339192 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and evaluation of difluorophenylglycinols as new modulators of proteolytic processing of the amyloid-β precursor proteins for Alzheimer's therapies were described. A range of N-substituted (R)- and (S)-difluorophenylglycinols, structured on the amino alcohol framework, were explored by incorporating the arylsulfonyl moieties and various N-substituents. Evans' chiral auxiliary strategy was employed for the asymmetric synthesis of these enantiomeric difluorophenylglycinols. Compounds with effects on the γ-secretase inhibition and ERK-mediated signaling pathways were evaluated on cell-based assays. Among them, N-cyclopropylmethyl derivatives R-12c and R-13c showed modest γ-secretase inhibition as well as ERK-dependent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Kapoor A, Wang BJ, Hsu WM, Chang MY, Liang SM, Liao YF. Retinoic acid-elicited RARα/RXRα signaling attenuates Aβ production by directly inhibiting γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1093-100. [PMID: 23530929 DOI: 10.1021/cn400039s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA)-elicited signaling has been shown to play critical roles in development, organogenesis, and the immune response. RA regulates expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genes and attenuates amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model. In this study, we investigated whether RA can suppress the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) through direct inhibition of γ-secretase activity. We report that RA treatment of cells results in significant inhibition of γ-secretase-mediated processing of the amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragment APP-C99, compared with DMSO-treated controls. RA-elicited signaling was found to significantly increase accumulation of APP-C99 and decrease production of secreted Aβ40. In addition, RA-induced inhibition of γ-secretase activity was found to be mediated through significant activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). Treatment of cells with the specific ERK inhibitor PD98059 completely abolished RA-mediated inhibition of γ-secretase. Consistent with these findings, RA was observed to inhibit secretase-mediated proteolysis of full-length APP. Finally, we have established that RA inhibits γ-secretase through nuclear retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα). Our findings provide a new mechanistic explanation for the neuroprotective role of RA in AD pathology and add to the previous data showing the importance of RA signaling as a target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kapoor
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program,
Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jeng Wang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
and Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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10
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Cameron DJ, Galvin C, Alkam T, Sidhu H, Ellison J, Luna S, Ethell DW. Alzheimer's-related peptide amyloid-β plays a conserved role in angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39598. [PMID: 22792182 PMCID: PMC3392248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease research has been at an impasse in recent years with lingering questions about the involvement of Amyloid-β (Aβ). Early versions of the amyloid hypothesis considered Aβ something of an undesirable byproduct of APP processing that wreaks havoc on the human neocortex, yet evolutionary conservation--over three hundred million years--indicates this peptide plays an important biological role in survival and reproductive fitness. Here we describe how Aβ regulates blood vessel branching in tissues as varied as human umbilical vein and zebrafish hindbrain. High physiological concentrations of Aβ monomer induced angiogenesis by a conserved mechanism that blocks γ-secretase processing of a Notch intermediate, NEXT, and reduces the expression of downstream Notch target genes. Our findings allude to an integration of signaling pathways that utilize γ-secretase activity, which may have significant implications for our understanding of Alzheimer's pathogenesis vis-à-vis vascular changes that set the stage for ensuing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Joshua Cameron
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Cooper Galvin
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Tursun Alkam
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Harpreet Sidhu
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - John Ellison
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Salvadore Luna
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Ethell
- Molecular Neurobiology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
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11
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Zage PE, Nolo R, Fang W, Stewart J, Garcia-Manero G, Zweidler-McKay PA. Notch pathway activation induces neuroblastoma tumor cell growth arrest. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:682-9. [PMID: 21744479 PMCID: PMC3264695 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch pathway signaling has critical roles in differentiation, proliferation, and survival, and has oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects in a variety of malignancies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of Notch activation on human neuroblastoma cells. PROCEDURE Quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblots, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of Notch receptors (Notch1-4), cleaved Notch1 (ICN1), and downstream targets (HES1-5) in human neuroblastoma cell lines and patient tumor samples. Notch pathway signaling was induced using intracellular Notch (ICN1-3) and HES gene constructs or direct culture on Notch ligands. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR was used to quantify methylation of the HES gene promoters, and the effects of treatment with decitabine were measured. RESULTS Neuroblastoma cells express varying levels of Notch receptors and low levels of HES genes at baseline. However, no endogenous activation of the Notch pathway was detected in neuroblastoma cell lines or patient tumor samples. Expression of activated Notch intracellular domains and HES gene products led to growth arrest. The HES2 and HES5 gene promoters were found to be heavily methylated in most neuroblastoma lines, and HES gene expression could be induced through treatment with decitabine. CONCLUSIONS We report that neuroblastoma cell lines express multiple Notch receptors, which are inactive at baseline. Activation of the Notch pathway via ligand binding consistently resulted in growth arrest. HES gene expression appears to be regulated epigenetically and could be induced with decitabine. These findings support a tumor suppressor role for Notch signaling in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Zage
- Division of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Riitta Nolo
- Division of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wendy Fang
- Division of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John Stewart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay
- Division of Pediatrics, Children’s Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
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12
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Nuclear GRP75 binds retinoic acid receptors to promote neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26236. [PMID: 22022577 PMCID: PMC3194821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) has been approved for the differentiation therapy of neuroblastoma (NB). Previous work revealed a correlation between glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and the RA-elicited neuronal differentiation of NB cells. The present study further demonstrated that GRP75 translocates into the nucleus and physically interacts with retinoid receptors (RARα and RXRα) to augment RA-elicited neuronal differentiation. GRP75 was required for RARα/RXRα-mediated transcriptional regulation and was shown to reduce the proteasome-mediated degradation of RARα/RXRαin a RA-dependent manner. More intriguingly, the level of GRP75/RARα/RXRα tripartite complexes was tightly associated with the RA-induced suppression of tumor growth in animals and the histological grade of differentiation in human NB tumors. The formation of GRP75/RARα/RXRα complexes was intimately correlated with a normal MYCN copy number of NB tumors, possibly implicating a favorable prognosis of NB tumors. The present findings reveal a novel function of nucleus-localized GRP75 in actively promoting neuronal differentiation, delineating the mode of action for the differentiation therapy of NB by RA.
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13
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Thirupathi B, Srinivas R, Prasad AN, Kumar JKP, Reddy BM. Green Progression for Synthesis of Regioselective β-Amino Alcohols and Chemoselective Alkylated Indoles. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op1002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boningari Thirupathi
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 607, India
| | - Rapelli Srinivas
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 607, India
| | - Avvari N. Prasad
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 607, India
| | - J. K. Prashanth Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 607, India
| | - Benjaram M. Reddy
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 607, India
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14
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Chang HH, Lee H, Hu MK, Tsao PN, Juan HF, Huang MC, Shih YY, Wang BJ, Jeng YM, Chang CL, Huang SF, Tsay YG, Hsieh FJ, Lin KH, Hsu WM, Liao YF. Notch1 expression predicts an unfavorable prognosis and serves as a therapeutic target of patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4411-20. [PMID: 20736329 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Notch signaling has been implicated to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma (NB) and can modulate calreticulin (CRT) expression that strongly correlates with tumor differentiation and favorable prognosis of NB. We thus sought to determine how Notch regulates CRT expression and affects NB tumor behavior. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The Notch-dependent regulation of CRT expression in cultured NB cells was analyzed by confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Notch1 protein expression in 85 NB tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry and correlated with the clinicopathologic/biological characters of NB patients. The progression of NB tumors in response to attenuated Notch signaling was examined by using a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS We showed that CRT is essential for the neuronal differentiation of NB cells elicited by inhibition of Notch signaling. This effect was mediated by a c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase-dependent pathway. Furthermore, NB tumors with elevated Notch1 protein expression were strongly correlated with advanced tumor stages, MYCN amplification, an undifferentiated histology, as well as a low CRT expression level. Most importantly, the opposing effect between Notch1 and CRT could reciprocally affect the survival of NB patients. The administration of a gamma-secretase inhibitor into a xenograft mouse model of NB significantly suppressed the tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first evidence that a c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase-CRT-dependent pathway is essential for the neuronal differentiation elicited by Notch signaling blockade and that Notch1 and CRT can synergistically predict the clinical outcomes of NB patients. The present data suggest that Notch signaling could be a therapeutic target for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Hao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
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15
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Ferrari-Toninelli G, Bonini SA, Uberti D, Buizza L, Bettinsoli P, Poliani PL, Facchetti F, Memo M. Targeting Notch pathway induces growth inhibition and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:1231-43. [PMID: 20716592 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma is a severe pediatric tumor characterized by poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor development and progression is strategic for the improvement of pharmacological therapies. Notch was recently proposed as a pharmacological target for the therapy of several cancers and is emerging as a new neuroblastoma-related molecular pathway. However, the precise role played by Notch in this cancer remains to be studied extensively. Here, we show that Notch activation by the Jagged1 ligand enhances the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells, and we propose the possible use of Notch-blocking γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) in neuroblastoma therapy. Two different GSIs, Compound E and DAPT, were tested alone or in combination with 13-cis retinoic acid (RA) on neuroblastoma cell lines. SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells were chosen as paradigms of lower and higher malignancy, respectively. Used alone, GSIs induced complete cell growth arrest, promoted neuronal differentiation, and significantly reduced cell motility. The combination of GSIs and 13-cis RA resulted in the enhanced growth inhibition, differentiation, and migration of neuroblastoma cells. In summary, our data suggest that a combination of GSIs with 13-cis RA offers a therapeutic advantage over a single agent, indicating a potential novel therapy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ferrari-Toninelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy.
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HIF-2alpha maintains an undifferentiated state in neural crest-like human neuroblastoma tumor-initiating cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:16805-10. [PMID: 19805377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904606106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2alpha) protein levels predict poor outcome in neuroblastoma, and hypoxia dedifferentiates cultured neuroblastoma cells toward a neural crest-like phenotype. Here, we identify HIF-2alpha as a marker of normoxic neural crest-like neuroblastoma tumor-initiating/stem cells (TICs) isolated from patient bone marrows. Knockdown of HIF-2alpha reduced VEGF expression and induced partial sympathetic neuronal differentiation when these TICs were grown in vitro under stem cell-promoting conditions. Xenograft tumors of HIF-2alpha-silenced cells were widely necrotic, poorly vascularized, and resembled the bulk of tumor cells in clinical neuroblastomas by expressing additional sympathetic neuronal markers, whereas control tumors were immature, well-vascularized, and stroma-rich. Thus, HIF-2alpha maintains an undifferentiated state of neuroblastoma TICs. Because low differentiation is associated with poor outcome and angiogenesis is crucial for tumor growth, HIF-2alpha is an attractive target for neuroblastoma therapy.
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Holloway MK, Hunt P, McGaughey GB. Structure and modeling in the design of β- and γ-secretase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Improved Ritter reaction with CF3-containing oxirane for an access to central units of protease inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hsu WM, Lee H, Juan HF, Shih YY, Wang BJ, Pan CY, Jeng YM, Chang HH, Lu MY, Lin KH, Lai HS, Chen WJ, Tsay YG, Liao YF, Hsieh FJ. Identification of GRP75 as an Independent Favorable Prognostic Marker of Neuroblastoma by a Proteomics Analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6237-45. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuo LH, Hu MK, Hsu WM, Tung YT, Wang BJ, Tsai WW, Yen CT, Liao YF. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-elicited stimulation of gamma-secretase is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent phosphorylation of presenilin and nicastrin. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:4201-12. [PMID: 18667537 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-secretase is a multiprotein complex composed of presenilin (PS), nicastrin (NCT), Aph-1, and Pen-2, and it catalyzes the final proteolytic step in the processing of amyloid precursor protein to generate amyloid-beta. Our previous results showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can potently stimulate gamma-secretase activity through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent pathway. Here, we demonstrate that TNF-alpha triggers JNK-dependent serine/threonine phosphorylation of PS1 and NCT to stimulate gamma-secretase activity. Blocking of JNK activity with a potent JNK inhibitor (SP600125) reduces TNF-alpha-triggered phosphorylation of PS1 and NCT. Consistent with this, we show that activated JNKs can be copurified with gamma-secretase complexes and that active recombinant JNK2 can promote the phosphorylation of PS1 and NCT in vitro. Using site-directed mutagenesis and a synthetic peptide, we clearly show that the Ser(319)Thr(320) motif in PS1 is an important JNK phosphorylation site that is critical for the TNF-alpha-elicited regulation of gamma-secretase. This JNK phosphorylation of PS1 at Ser(319)Thr(320) enhances the stability of the PS1 C-terminal fragment that is necessary for gamma-secretase activity. Together, our findings strongly suggest that JNK is a critical intracellular mediator of TNF-alpha-elicited regulation of gamma-secretase and governs the pivotal step in the assembly of functional gamma-secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hsin Kuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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