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Boscolo Bielo L, Natangelo S, Katrini J, Trapani D, Curigliano G. A comprehensive update of hormone-related pharmacokinetic variations associated with breast cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:389-403. [PMID: 37695692 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2244870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs available for the treatment of breast cancer are increasing, yielding improved oncological outcomes. The efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs significantly depend on pharmacokinetic profiles, which could be influenced by several factors, such as sex hormones. AREAS COVERED This article discusses the potential hormone-related pharmacokinetic influences on novel breast cancer pharmacotherapies. EXPERT OPINION Recently approved drugs for the treatment of breast cancer belong to different classes, each with unique pharmacokinetic profile. The impact of hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, may occur at different steps of drug metabolism. Key effects of sex hormones ha ve been reported on multidrug-resistant transporters and enzymes involved in the liver metabolism of drugs, such as cytochromes. Nevertheless, no data is currently available to establish hormone-related metabolic interactions that may account for variability in drug scheduling and selection. Whereas we recognize influences may occur, we do not assume hormones alone can yield clinically significant metabolic changes. Rather, we believe that hormonal influences should be considered along with other elements that may affect drugs metabolism, such as concomitant medications, age-related pharmacokinetic changes, and genetic polymorphisms, in order to deliver treatment personalization and ensure better tolerability and safety of anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Natangelo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Jalissa Katrini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gilmore JC, Serghides L, Bendayan R. Differential effects of antiretroviral drug toxicity in male versus female children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected. AIDS 2021; 35:1-14. [PMID: 33048885 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
: In recent years, widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has been increasingly effective in reducing risk of vertical transmission of HIV, with over 80% of pregnant women living with HIV now accessing ART, and a 41% reduction in new infections in children between 2010 and 2018. Despite these strides, the developmental toxicity of widely administered antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) remains poorly described and existing literature often fails to account for fetal and infant sex as a variable. Recent reports have identified associations between in-utero exposure to commonly used antiretroviral regimens and alteration in neurodevelopment, growth, and metabolism amongst children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected, with findings of sex differences in the prevalence and severity of ARV toxicity. These differences are potentially explained by variable exposure to ARV drugs in utero or exacerbation of existing sex-linked risk factors. Fetal ARV exposure is mediated by placental and fetal drug transporters and metabolic enzymes, which may contribute to the manifestation of sex differences. Existing evidence of sex differences in ARV toxicity in fetal development is concerning, and demands further research to guide optimal treatment options for maternal health and prevention of vertical HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN)
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto
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Walker N, Filis P, Soffientini U, Bellingham M, O’Shaughnessy PJ, Fowler PA. Placental transporter localization and expression in the Human: the importance of species, sex, and gestational age differences†. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:733-742. [PMID: 28339967 PMCID: PMC5441296 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a critical organ during pregnancy, essential for the provision of an optimal intrauterine environment, with fetal survival, growth, and development relying on correct placental function. It must allow nutritional compounds and relevant hormones to pass into the fetal bloodstream and metabolic waste products to be cleared. It also acts as a semipermeable barrier to potentially harmful chemicals, both endogenous and exogenous. Transporter proteins allow for bidirectional transport and are found in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and endothelium of fetal capillaries. The major transporter families in the human placenta are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC), and insufficiency of these transporters may lead to deleterious effects on the fetus. Transporter expression levels are gestation-dependent and this is of considerable clinical interest as levels of drug resistance may be altered from one trimester to the next. This highlights the importance of these transporters in mediating correct and timely transplacental passage of essential compounds but also for efflux of potentially toxic drugs and xenobiotics. We review the current literature on placental molecular transporters with respect to their localization and ontogeny, the influence of fetal sex, and the relevance of animal models. We conclude that a paucity of information exists, and further studies are required to unlock the enigma of this dynamic organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Walker
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ugo Soffientini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter J O’Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Morales A, Morimoto S, Vilchis F, Taniyama N, Bautista CJ, Robles C, Bargalló E. Molecular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, prokineticin receptor-1 and other biomarkers in infiltrating canalicular carcinoma of the breast. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2720-2727. [PMID: 27703528 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important in the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. In 2001, another angiogenic factor, endocrine gland-derived VEGF (EG-VEGF), was characterized and sequenced. EG-VEGF activity appears to be restricted to endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. At the molecular level, its expression is regulated by hypoxia and steroid hormones. Although VEGF and EG-VEGF are structurally different, they function in a coordinated fashion. Since the majority of mammary tumors are hormone-dependent, it was hypothesized that EG-VEGF would be expressed in these tumors, and therefore, represent a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of VEGF, EG-VEGF and its receptor (prokineticin receptor-1), as well as that of breast cancer resistant protein, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, in 50 breast samples of infiltrating canalicular carcinoma (ICC) and their correlation with tumor staging. The samples were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Both angiogenic growth factors were identified in all samples. However, in 90% of the samples, the expression level of VEGF was significantly higher than that of EG-VEGF (P=0.024). There was no association between the expression of VEGF, EG-VEGF or its receptor with tumor stage. In ICC, the predominant angiogenic factor expressed was VEGF. The expression level of either factor was not correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage. Although ICC is derived from endothelial cells, EG-VEGF expression was not the predominant angiogenic/growth factor in ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Morales
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Sumiko Morimoto
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vilchis
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Natsuko Taniyama
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Bautista
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos Robles
- Department of Mammary Tumors, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Enrique Bargalló
- Department of Mammary Tumors, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Faqi AS, Holm KA. Metabolism and Drug–Drug Interaction in Pregnant Mother/Placenta/Fetus. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7653_2016_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kannangara DRW, Phipps-Green AJ, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK, Williams KM, Graham GG, Day RO, Merriman TR. Hyperuricaemia: contributions of urate transporter ABCG2 and the fractional renal clearance of urate. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1363-6. [PMID: 26835700 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the contributions towards hyperuricaemia of known risk factors, focusing on fractional (renal) clearance of urate (FCU) and variation in the ATP-binding cassette transporter, sub-family G 2 (ABCG2) gene. METHODS The contributions of age, sex, ancestry, Q141K genotype for ABCG2, FCU, sugar-sweetened beverage and alcohol consumption, metabolic syndrome disorders and measures of renal function to the risk of hyperuricaemia were evaluated by comparing hyperuricaemic (serum urate≥0.42 mmol/L, n=448) with normouricaemic (serum urate<0.42 mmol/L, n=344) participants using stepwise logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS ABCG2 genotype, FCU, male sex, body mass index, serum triglyceride concentrations, estimated glomerular filtration rate and consumption of alcohol were the best predictors of hyperuricaemia (AUROC 0.90, 81% accuracy). Homozygosity in the 141K variant for ABCG2 conferred an adjusted OR of 10.5 for hyperuricaemia (95% CI 2.4 to 46.2). For each 1% decrease of FCU, the adjusted OR increased by 51% (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.66). There was no association between ABCG2 genotype and FCU (r=0.02, p=0.83). CONCLUSIONS The ABCG2 141K variant and the FCU contribute strongly but independently to hyperuricaemia. These findings provide further evidence for a significant contribution of ABCG2 to extra-renal (gut) clearance of urate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diluk R W Kannangara
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth M Williams
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garry G Graham
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard O Day
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Structure and function of BCRP, a broad specificity transporter of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1205-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Saito J, Hirota T, Furuta S, Kobayashi D, Takane H, Ieiri I. Association between DNA methylation in the miR-328 5'-flanking region and inter-individual differences in miR-328 and BCRP expression in human placenta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72906. [PMID: 23991164 PMCID: PMC3749162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are non-coding small RNA that regulate gene expression. MiR-328 is reported to influence breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression in cancer cells. As a large inter-individual difference in BCRP levels is observed in various human tissues, the contribution of miR-328 to these differences is of interest. We hypothesized that DNA methylation in the miR-328 promoter region is responsible for the difference in miR-328 levels, leading to inter-individual variability in BCRP levels in human placenta. The association between placental miR-328 and BCRP levels was analyzed, and then DNA methylation in the miR-328 5'-flanking region and regulatory mechanisms causing inter-individual differences in miR-328 and BCRP levels were examined. MiR-328 expression was significantly correlated with BCRP mRNA (Rs = -0.560, P < 0.01) and protein (Rs = -0.730, P < 0.01) levels. It was also up-regulated by the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in BCRP-expressing cells. Luciferase assays with differentially methylated reporter constructs indicated that methylation in the miR-328 5'-flanking region including a predicted CpG island remarkably decreased transcriptional activity compared to that in unmethylated constructs. We selected CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), located within the predicted CpG island, by in silico analysis. To elucidate the role of C/EBPα in miR-328 expression, a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, promoter deletion analysis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed. C/EBPα-binding site-truncated constructs showed significantly decreased promoter activity, and EMSA indicated that the C/EBPα-binding sites were located in the CpG island. Finally, the methylation patterns of several CpG dinucleotides proximal to two C/EBPα-binding sites in the miR-328 5'-flanking region were correlated negatively with miR-328 levels, and positively with BCRP levels in human placental samples. These results suggest that methylation patterns in the miR-328 5'-flanking region are involved in the inter-individual difference in BCRP levels in human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Furuta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takane
- Department of Pharmacy, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Aspenström-Fagerlund B, Tallkvist J, Ilbäck NG, Glynn AW. Oleic acid decreases BCRP mediated efflux of mitoxantrone in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3635-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Zearalenone exposure modulates the expression of ABC transporters and nuclear receptors in pregnant rats and fetal liver. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:246-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Natarajan K, Xie Y, Baer MR, Ross DD. Role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1084-103. [PMID: 22248732 PMCID: PMC3307098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter in 1998, BCRP has been the subject of more than two thousand scholarly articles. In normal tissues, BCRP functions as a defense mechanism against toxins and xenobiotics, with expression in the gut, bile canaliculi, placenta, blood-testis and blood-brain barriers facilitating excretion and limiting absorption of potentially toxic substrate molecules, including many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. BCRP also plays a key role in heme and folate homeostasis, which may help normal cells survive under conditions of hypoxia. BCRP expression appears to be a characteristic of certain normal tissue stem cells termed "side population cells," which are identified on flow cytometric analysis by their ability to exclude Hoechst 33342, a BCRP substrate fluorescent dye. Hence, BCRP expression may contribute to the natural resistance and longevity of these normal stem cells. Malignant tissues can exploit the properties of BCRP to survive hypoxia and to evade exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Evidence is mounting that many cancers display subpopulations of stem cells that are responsible for tumor self-renewal. Such stem cells frequently manifest the "side population" phenotype characterized by expression of BCRP and other ABC transporters. Along with other factors, these transporters may contribute to the inherent resistance of these neoplasms and their failure to be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Xie
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
| | - Maria R. Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Douglas D. Ross
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Departments of Pathology, and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
- Staff Physician, Baltimore VA Medical Center
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Nakanishi T, Ross DD. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): its role in multidrug resistance and regulation of its gene expression. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2011; 31:73-99. [PMID: 22098950 PMCID: PMC3777471 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter identified as a molecular cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in diverse cancer cells. BCRP physiologically functions as a part of a self-defense mechanism for the organism; it enhances elimination of toxic xenobiotic substances and harmful agents in the gut and biliary tract, as well as through the blood-brain, placental, and possibly blood-testis barriers. BCRP recognizes and transports numerous anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted small therapeutic molecules relatively new in clinical use. Thus, BCRP expression in cancer cells directly causes MDR by active efflux of anticancer drugs. Because BCRP is also known to be a stem cell marker, its expression in cancer cells could be a manifestation of metabolic and signaling pathways that confer multiple mechanisms of drug resistance, self-renewal (sternness), and invasiveness (aggressiveness), and thereby impart a poor prognosis. Therefore, blocking BCRP-mediated active efflux may provide a therapeutic benefit for cancers. Delineating the precise molecular mechanisms for BCRP gene expression may lead to identification of a novel molecular target to modulate BCRP-mediated MDR. Current evidence suggests that BCRP gene transcription is regulated by a number of trans-acting elements including hypoxia inducible factor 1α, estrogen receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Furthermore, alternative promoter usage, demethylation of the BCRP promoter, and histone modification are likely associated with drug-induced BCRP overexpression in cancer cells. Finally, PI3K/AKT signaling may play a critical role in modulating BCRP function under a variety of conditions. These biological events seem involved in a complicated manner. Untangling the events would be an essential first step to developing a method to modulate BCRP function to aid patients with cancer. This review will present a synopsis of the impact of BCRP-mediated MDR in cancer cells, and the molecular mechanisms of acquired MDR currently postulated in a variety of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakanishi
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Kanazawa University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Vähäkangas K, Myllynen P. Drug transporters in the human blood-placental barrier. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:665-78. [PMID: 19788499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the increasing number of transporters found in the placental barrier are gaining momentum, because of their tissue-specific expression, significance in physiology and disease, and the possible utilization of the emerging knowledge in pharmacology. In the placenta, both syncytiotrophoblast and fetal capillary endothelium express transporters. Fetal exposure is determined by the net effect of combination of transporters, their nature and localization in relation to placental cells and their substrate specificity. Although the significance of placental transporters on human fetal drug exposure is almost an unstudied field so far, their potential use to design drugs that do not cross the placenta is already being pursued. It is thus of interest to review the existing knowledge of human placental transporters. Transporters in all groups which take part in drug transport are found in human placenta. Especially, ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein, ABCB1/P-glycoprotein and ABCC2/MRP2 are all expressed at the apical surface of syncytiotrophoblast facing maternal blood and are putatively important protective proteins both for placental tissue and the fetus, because they are efflux transporters and their substrates include many drugs and also environmental chemicals. Such protective effect has been shown in animals, but these results cannot be directly extrapolated to humans due to interspecies differences in placental structure and function. Experimental models utilizing human placental tissue, especially human placental perfusion, offer valuable possibilities, which have been insufficiently studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Vähäkangas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Pan YZ, Morris ME, Yu AM. MicroRNA-328 negatively regulates the expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in human cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 75:1374-9. [PMID: 19270061 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.054163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a molecular determinant of pharmacokinetic properties of many drugs in humans. To understand post-transcriptional regulation of ABCG2 and the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in drug disposition, we found that microRNA-328 (miR-328) might readily target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of ABCG2 when considering target-site accessibility. We then noted 1) an inverse relation between the levels of miR-328 and ABCG2 in MCF-7 and MCF-7/MX100 breast cancer cells and 2) that miR-328 levels could be rescued in MCF-7/MX100 cells by transfection with miR-328 plasmid. Luciferase reporter assays showed that ABCG2 3'-UTR-luciferase activity was decreased more than 50% in MCF-7/MX100 cells after transfection with miR-328 plasmid, the activity was increased over 100% in MCF-7 cells transfected with a miR-328 antagomir, and disruption of miR-328 response element within ABCG2 3'-UTR led to a 3-fold increase in luciferase activity. Furthermore, the level of ABCG2 protein was down-regulated when miR-328 was over-expressed, and the level was up-regulated when miR-328 was inhibited by selective antagomir. Altered ABCG2 protein expression was associated with significantly declined or elevated levels of ABCG2 3'-UTR and coding sequence mRNAs, suggesting possible involvement of the mechanism of mRNA cleavage. Finally, miR-328-directed down-regulation of ABCG2 expression in MCF-7/MX100 cells resulted in an increased mitoxantrone sensitivity, as manifested by a significantly lower IC(50) value (2.46 +/- 1.64 microM) compared with the control (151 +/- 32 microM). Together, these findings suggest that miR-328 targets ABCG2 3'-UTR and, consequently, controls ABCG2 protein expression and influences drug disposition in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhuo Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY 14260-1200, USA
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Milane A, Vautier S, Chacun H, Meininger V, Bensimon G, Farinotti R, Fernandez C. Interactions between riluzole and ABCG2/BCRP transporter. Neurosci Lett 2009; 452:12-6. [PMID: 19146924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative fatal disease. Drugs used in this disease need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Only riluzole is approved for ALS treatment. We have investigated riluzole as a breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrate by studying its brain transport in CF1 mdr1a (-/-) mice and its intracellular uptake on BeWo cells (human placental choriocarcinoma cell line). We have also investigated the effect of riluzole on BCRP expression level and on its activity using the prazocin as a test probe for brain transport and intracellular uptake. Assays on mdr1a (-/-) mice and BeWo cells showed a higher uptake of riluzole when pretreated with a BCRP inhibitor. After repeated doses of riluzole, BCRP activity was increased in CF1 mdr1a (-/-) mice, riluzole uptake was decrease and both BCRP expression and activity were increased in BeWo cells. In conclusion, we report in this study that riluzole is transported by BCRP at the BBB level and can enhance its function. These results taken with our previous studies on riluzole and P-glycoprotein show that drug-drug interactions between riluzole and efflux transporters substrates may occur at the BBB level and should be taken into account in future clinical trial design in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Milane
- Université Paris-Sud XI, Laboratoire de Barrières et Passage des Médicaments, EA 2706, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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