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Nunes M, Bartosch C, Abreu MH, Richardson A, Almeida R, Ricardo S. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options. Cells 2024; 13:786. [PMID: 38727322 PMCID: PMC11083313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPO-Porto), Health Research Network (RISE@CI-IPO-Porto), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Richardson
- The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Chen X, Xiang W, Li L, Xu K. Copper Chaperone Atox1 Protected the Cochlea From Cisplatin by Regulating the Copper Transport Family and Cell Cycle. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:134-145. [PMID: 37859596 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231206665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (Atox1) may contribute to preventing DDP cochlear damage by regulating copper transport family and cell cycle proteins. A rat model of cochlear damage was developed by placing gelatin sponges treated with DDP in the cochlea. HEI-OC1 cells were treated with 133 μM DDP as a cell model. DDP-induced ototoxicity in rats was confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging. The damage of DDP to HEI-OC1 cells was assessed by using CCK-8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. The relationship between Atox1, a member of the copper transport protein family, and the damage to in vivo/vitro models was explored by qRT-PCR, western blot, CCK-8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. DDP had toxic and other side effects causing cochlear damage and promoted HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The over-expression of Atox1 (oe-Atox1) was accomplished by transfecting lentiviral vectors into in vitro/vivo models. We found that oe-Atox1 increased the levels of Atox1, copper transporter 1 (CTR1), and SOD3 in HEI-OC1 cells and decreased the expression levels of ATPase copper transporting α (ATP7A) and ATPase copper transporting β (ATP7B). In addition, the transfection of oe-Atox1 decreased cell apoptosis rate and the number of G2/M stage cells. Similarly, the expression of myosin VI and phalloidin of cochlea cells in vivo decreased. Atox1 ameliorated DDP-induced damage to HEI-OC1 cells or rats' cochlea by regulating the levels of members of the copper transport family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiren Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jiu Jiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Alam S, Giri PK. Novel players in the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: ovarian cancer stem cells, non-coding RNA and nuclear receptors. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:6. [PMID: 38434767 PMCID: PMC10905178 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the fifth leading factor for female mortality globally, with a substantial burden of new cases and mortality recorded annually. Survival rates vary significantly based on the stage of diagnosis, with advanced stages posing significant challenges to treatment. OC is primarily categorized as epithelial, constituting approximately 90% of cases, and correct staging is essential for tailored treatment. The debulking followed by chemotherapy is the prevailing treatment, involving platinum-based drugs in combination with taxanes. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is hindered by the development of chemoresistance, both acquired during treatment (acquired chemoresistance) and intrinsic to the patient (intrinsic chemoresistance). The emergence of chemoresistance leads to increased mortality rates, with many advanced patients experiencing disease relapse shortly after initial treatment. This review delves into the multifactorial nature of chemoresistance in OC, addressing mechanisms involving transport systems, apoptosis, DNA repair, and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). While previous research has identified genes associated with these mechanisms, the regulatory roles of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and nuclear receptors in modulating gene expression to confer chemoresistance have remained poorly understood and underexplored. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the genes linked to different chemoresistance mechanisms in OC and their intricate regulation by ncRNA and nuclear receptors. Specifically, we examine how these molecular players influence the chemoresistance mechanism. By exploring the interplay between these factors and gene expression regulation, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive mechanism driving chemoresistance in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar Giri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110068, India
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4
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Guo J, Sun Y, Liu G. The mechanism of copper transporters in ovarian cancer cells and the prospect of cuproptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112324. [PMID: 37481825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper transporters can not only carry copper (Cu) to maintain the homeostasis of Cu in cells but also transport platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. The effect of copper transporters on chemosensitivity has been demonstrated in a variety of malignancies. In addition, recent studies have reported that copper transporters can act as vectors to induce cuproptosis. Therefore, copper transporters can act on cells through different mechanisms to achieve different purposes. This review mainly describes the current research progress of the intracellular transport mechanism of copper transporters and cuproptosis, and prospects for the application of them in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Nasimian A, Ahmed M, Hedenfalk I, Kazi JU. A deep tabular data learning model predicting cisplatin sensitivity identifies BCL2L1 dependency in cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:956-964. [PMID: 36733702 PMCID: PMC9876747 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used as a front-line treatment for several malignancies. However, treatment outcomes vary widely due to intrinsic and acquired resistance. In this study, cisplatin-perturbed gene expression and pathway enrichment were used to define a gene signature, which was further utilized to develop a cisplatin sensitivity prediction model using the TabNet algorithm. The TabNet model performed better (>80 % accuracy) than all other machine learning models when compared to a wide range of machine learning algorithms. Moreover, by using feature importance and comparing predicted ovarian cancer patient samples, BCL2L1 was identified as an important gene contributing to cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of BCL2L1 was found to synergistically increase cisplatin efficacy. Collectively, this study developed a tool to predict cisplatin sensitivity using cisplatin-perturbed gene expression and pathway enrichment knowledge and identified BCL2L1 as an important gene in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasimian
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mehreen Ahmed
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Correspondence to: Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon village Building 404:C3, Scheelevägen 8, 22363 Lund, Sweden.
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6
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Schoeberl A, Gutmann M, Theiner S, Corte-Rodríguez M, Braun G, Vician P, Berger W, Koellensperger G. The copper transporter CTR1 and cisplatin accumulation at the single-cell level by LA-ICP-TOFMS. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1055356. [PMID: 36518851 PMCID: PMC9742377 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1055356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a decade ago, studies on cellular cisplatin accumulation via active membrane transport established the role of the high affinity copper uptake protein 1 (CTR1) as a main uptake route besides passive diffusion. In this work, CTR1 expression, cisplatin accumulation and intracellular copper concentration was assessed for single cells revisiting the case of CTR1 in the context of acquired cisplatin resistance. The single-cell workflow designed for in vitro experiments enabled quantitative imaging at resolutions down to 1 µm by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOFMS). Cisplatin-sensitive ovarian carcinoma cells A2780 as compared to the cisplatin-resistant subline A2780cis were investigated. Intracellular cisplatin and copper levels were absolutely quantified for thousands of individual cells, while for CTR1, relative differences of total CTR1 versus plasma membrane-bound CTR1 were determined. A markedly decreased intracellular cisplatin concentration accompanied by reduced copper concentrations was observed for single A2780cis cells, along with a distinctly reduced (total) CTR1 level as compared to the parental cell model. Interestingly, a significantly different proportion of plasma membrane-bound versus total CTR1 in untreated A2780 as compared to A2780cis cells was observed. This proportion changed in both models upon cisplatin exposure. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between total and plasma membrane-bound CTR1 expression and cisplatin accumulation at the single-cell level in both A2780 and A2780cis cells. Thus, our study recapitulates the crosstalk of copper homeostasis and cisplatin uptake, and also indicates a complex interplay between subcellular CTR1 localization and cellular cisplatin accumulation as a driver for acquired resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schoeberl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gutmann
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Corte-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabriel Braun
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Vician
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Song M, Cui M, Fang Z, Liu K. Advanced research on extracellular vesicles based oral drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2022; 351:560-572. [PMID: 36179765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most convenient and simplest mode of administration. Nevertheless, orally administration of some commonly used therapeutic drugs, such as polypeptides, therapeutic proteins, small-molecule drugs, and nucleic acids, remains a major challenge due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment and the limited oral bioavailability. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, nanoscale phospholipid vesicles that are actively released by cells and play crucial roles in intercellular communications. Some EVs have been shown to survive with the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and can cross biological barriers. The potential of EVs to cross the GIT barrier makes them promising natural delivery carriers for orally administered drugs. Here, we introduce the uniqueness of EVs and their feasibility as oral drug delivery vehicles (ODDVs). Then we provide a general description of the different cellular EVs based oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) currently under study and emphasize the contribution of endogenous features and multifunctional properties of EVs to the delivery performance. The current obstacles of moving EVs based ODDSs from bench to bedside are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingxiao Cui
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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8
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Therapeutic strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Interference between copper transport systems and platinum drugs. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:173-188. [PMID: 34058339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin, or cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], is a platinum-based anticancer drug largely used for the treatment of various types of cancers, including testicular, ovarian and colorectal carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Together with other platinum-based drugs, cisplatin triggers malignant cell death by binding to nuclear DNA, which appears to be the ultimate target. In addition to passive diffusion across the cell membrane, other transport systems, including endocytosis and some active or facilitated transport mechanisms, are currently proposed to play a pivotal role in the uptake of platinum-based drugs. In this review, an updated view of the current literature regarding the intracellular transport and processing of cisplatin will be presented, with special emphasis on the plasma membrane copper permease CTR1, the Cu-transporting ATPases, ATP7A and ATP7B, located in the trans-Golgi network, and the soluble copper chaperone ATOX1. Their role in eliciting cisplatin efficacy and their exploitation as pharmacological targets will be addressed.
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10
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Arnesano F, Nardella MI, Natile G. Platinum drugs, copper transporters and copper chelators. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Norouzi-Barough L, Sarookhani MR, Sharifi M, Moghbelinejad S, Jangjoo S, Salehi R. Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4546-4562. [PMID: 29152737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy among the gynecological cancers, with a 5-year survival rate, mainly due to being diagnosed at advanced stages, recurrence and resistance to the current chemotherapeutic agents. Drug resistance is a complex phenomenon and the number of known involved genes and cross-talks between signaling pathways in this process is growing rapidly. Thus, discovering and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chemo-resistance are crucial for management of treatment and identifying novel and effective drug targets as well as drug discovery to improve therapeutic outcomes. In this review, the major and recently identified molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in ovarian cancer from relevant literature have been investigated. In the final section of the paper, new approaches for studying detailed mechanisms of chemo-resistance have been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Norouzi-Barough
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Moghbelinejad
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetic, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saranaz Jangjoo
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Common biological phenotypes characterize the acquisition of platinum-resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7104. [PMID: 28769043 PMCID: PMC5540908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard of care for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) patients relies on platinum-based therapy. However, acquired resistance to platinum occurs frequently and predicts poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms underlying acquired platinum-resistance, we have generated and characterized three platinum-resistant isogenic EOC cell lines. Resistant cells showed 3-to 5- folds increase in platinum IC50. Cross-resistance to other chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of EOC patients was variable and dependent on the cell line utilized. Gene expression profiling (GEP) of coding and non-coding RNAs failed to identify a common signature that could collectively explain the mechanism of resistance. However, we observed that all resistant cell lines displayed a decreased level of DNA platination and a faster repair of damaged DNA. Furthermore, all platinum resistant cell lines displayed a change in their morphology and a higher ability to grown on mesothelium. Overall, we have established and characterized three new models of platinum-resistant EOC cell lines that could be exploited to further dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to platinum. Our work also suggests that GEP studies alone, at least when performed under basal culture condition, do not represent the optimal way to identify molecular alterations linked to DNA repair pathway defects.
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Yu W, Wang Z, Fong C, Liu D, Yip T, Au S, Zhu G, Yang M. Chemoresistant lung cancer stem cells display high DNA repair capability to remove cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:302-313. [PMID: 27933604 PMCID: PMC5289946 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The persistence of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) has been proposed to be the main factor responsible for the recurrence of lung cancer as they are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the cellular response of a human LCSC line to treatment with cisplatin, a DNA-damaging anticancer drug that is used extensively in the clinic. We compared the response to cisplatin of LCSCs and differentiated LCSCs (dLCSCs) by determining the viability of these cells, and their ability to accumulate cisplatin and to implement genomic and transcription-coupled DNA repair. We also investigated the transcription profiles of genes related to drug transport and DNA repair. KEY RESULTS LCSCs were found to be more stem-like, and more resistant to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity than dLCSCs, confirming their drug resistance properties. LCSCs accumulated less cisplatin intracellularly than dLCSCs and showed less DNA damage, potentially due to their ability to down-regulate AQP2 and CTR1. The results of the transcription-coupled repair of cisplatin-DNA cross-links indicated a higher level of repair of DNA damage in LCSCs than in dLCSCs. In addition, LCSCs showed a greater ability to repair cisplatin-DNA interstrand cross-links than dLCSCs; this involved the activation of various DNA repair pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results further clarify the mechanism of cisplatin resistance in LCSCs in terms of reduced cisplatin uptake and enhanced ability to implement DNA repairs. These findings may aid in the design of the next-generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai‐Kin Yu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biochip ResearchCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Department of Biology and ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Chi‐Chun Fong
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biochip ResearchCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Tak‐Chun Yip
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Elizabeth HospitalYau Ma TeiHong Kong
| | - Siu‐Kie Au
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Elizabeth HospitalYau Ma TeiHong Kong
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biochip ResearchCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Department of Biology and ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biochip ResearchCity University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
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Barresi V, Trovato-Salinaro A, Spampinato G, Musso N, Castorina S, Rizzarelli E, Condorelli DF. Transcriptome analysis of copper homeostasis genes reveals coordinated upregulation of SLC31A1,SCO1, and COX11 in colorectal cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:794-806. [PMID: 27516958 PMCID: PMC4971835 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis and distribution is strictly regulated by a network of transporters and intracellular chaperones encoded by a group of genes collectively known as copper homeostasis genes (CHGs). In this work, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database for somatic point mutations in colorectal cancer revealed that inactivating mutations are absent or extremely rare in CHGs. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we found a strong increase in mRNA levels of the membrane copper transporter 1 protein [CTR1; encoded by the solute carrier family 31 member 1 gene (SLC31A1 gene)] in our series of colorectal carcinoma samples. CTR1 is the main copper influx transporter and changes in its expression are able to induce modifications of cellular copper accumulation. The increased SLC31A1 mRNA level is accompanied by a parallel increase in transcript levels for copper efflux pump ATP7A, copper metabolism Murr1 domain containing 1 (COMMD1), the cytochrome C oxidase assembly factors [synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (SCO1) and cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone 11 (COX11)], the cupric reductase six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP3), and the metal‐regulatory transcription factors (MTF1, MTF2) and specificity protein 1 (SP1). The significant correlation between SLC31A1,SCO1, and COX11 mRNA levels suggests that this transcriptional upregulation might be part of a coordinated program of gene regulation. Transcript‐level upregulation of SLC31A1,SCO1, and COX11 was also confirmed by the analysis of different colon carcinoma cell lines (Caco‐2, HT116, HT29) and cancer cell lines of different tissue origin (MCF7, PC3). Finally, exon‐level expression analysis of SLC31A1 reveals differential expression of alternative transcripts in colorectal cancer and normal colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Angela Trovato-Salinaro
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Section of Human Anatomy Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging National Council of Research UOS Catania Italy
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Section of Medical Biochemistry Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences University of Catania Italy
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15
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Bompiani KM, Tsai CY, Achatz FP, Liebig JK, Howell SB. Copper transporters and chaperones CTR1, CTR2, ATOX1, and CCS as determinants of cisplatin sensitivity. Metallomics 2016; 8:951-62. [PMID: 27157188 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to cisplatin (cDDP) is commonly accompanied by reduced drug uptake or increased efflux. Previous studies in yeast and murine embryonic fibroblasts have reported that the copper (Cu) transporters and chaperones participate in the uptake, efflux, and intracellular distribution of cDDP. However, there is conflicting data from studies in human cells. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to individually knock out the human copper transporters CTR1 and CTR2 and the copper chaperones ATOX1 and CCS. Isogenic knockout cell lines were generated in both human HEK-293T and ovarian carcinoma OVCAR8 cells. All knockout cell lines had slowed growth compared to parental cells, small changes in basal Cu levels, and varying sensitivities to Cu depending on the gene targeted. However, all of the knockouts demonstrated only modest 2 to 5-fold changes in cDDP sensitivity that did not differ from the range of sensitivities of 10 wild type clones grown from the same parental cell population. We conclude that, under basal conditions, loss of CTR1, CTR2, ATOX1, or CCS does not produce a change in cisplatin sensitivity that exceeds the variance found within the parental population, suggesting that they are not essential to the mechanism by which cDDP enters these cell lines and is transported to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Bompiani
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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16
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Öhrvik H, Logeman B, Turk B, Reinheckel T, Thiele DJ. Cathepsin Protease Controls Copper and Cisplatin Accumulation via Cleavage of the Ctr1 Metal-binding Ectodomain. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13905-13916. [PMID: 27143361 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.731281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal ion for embryonic development, iron acquisition, cardiac function, neuropeptide biogenesis, and other critical physiological processes. Ctr1 is a high affinity Cu(+) transporter on the plasma membrane and endosomes that exists as a full-length protein and a truncated form of Ctr1 lacking the methionine- and histidine-rich metal-binding ectodomain, and it exhibits reduced Cu(+) transport activity. Here, we identify the cathepsin L/B endolysosomal proteases functioning in a direct and rate-limiting step in the Ctr1 ectodomain cleavage. Cells and mice lacking cathepsin L accumulate full-length Ctr1 and hyper-accumulate copper. As Ctr1 also transports the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin via direct binding to the ectodomain, we demonstrate that the combination of cisplatin with a cathepsin L/B inhibitor enhances cisplatin uptake and cell killing. These studies identify a new processing event and the key protease that cleaves the Ctr1 metal-binding ectodomain, which functions to regulate cellular Cu(+) and cisplatin acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
| | - Brandon Logeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Freiburg 79104 Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104 Germany
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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17
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Kilari D, Guancial E, Kim ES. Role of copper transporters in platinum resistance. World J Clin Oncol 2016; 7:106-113. [PMID: 26862494 PMCID: PMC4734932 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based antitumor agents are effective in the treatment of many solid malignancies. However, their efficacy is limited by toxicity and drug resistance. Reduced intracellular Pt accumulation has been consistently shown to correlate with resistance in tumors. Proteins involved in copper homeostasis have been identified as Pt transporters. In particular, copper transporter receptor 1 (CTR1), the major copper influx transporter, has been shown to play a significant role in Pt resistance. Clinical studies demonstrated that expression of CTR1 correlated with intratumoral Pt concentration and outcomes following Pt-based therapy. Other CTRs such as CTR2, ATP7A and ATP7B, may also play a role in Pt resistance. Recent clinical studies attempting to modulate CTR1 to overcome Pt resistance may provide novel strategies. This review discusses the role of CTR1 as a potential predictive biomarker of Pt sensitivity and a therapeutic target for overcoming Pt resistance.
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18
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Wang X, Jiang P, Wang P, Yang CS, Wang X, Feng Q. EGCG Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity by Regulating Expression of the Copper and Cisplatin Influx Transporter CTR1 in Ovary Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125402. [PMID: 25927922 PMCID: PMC4416002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the first-line platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of many types of cancer, including ovary cancer. CTR1 (copper transporter 1), a transmembrane solute carrier transporter, has previously been shown to increase the cellular uptake and sensitivity of cisplatin. It is hypothesized that increased CTR1 expression would enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin (cDDP). The present study demonstrates for the first time that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol from green tea, can enhance CTR1 mRNA and protein expression in ovarian cancer cells and xenograft mice. EGCG inhibits the rapid degradation of CTR1 induced by cDDP. The combination of EGCG and cDDP increases the accumulation of cDDP and DNA-Pt adducts, and subsequently enhances the sensitivity of ovarian cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells to the chemotherapeutic agent. In the OVCAR3 ovarian cancer xenograft nude mice model, the combination of the lower concentration of cDDP and EGCG strongly repressed the tumor growth and exhibited protective effect on the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Overall, these findings uncover a novel chemotherapy mechanism of EGCG as an adjuvant for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xuerong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Tsai CY, Larson CA, Safaei R, Howell SB. Molecular modulation of the copper and cisplatin transport function of CTR1 and its interaction with IRS-4. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:379-87. [PMID: 24967972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The copper influx transporter CTR1 is also a major influx transporter for cisplatin (cDDP) in tumor cells. It influences the cytotoxicity of cDDP both in vivo and in vitro. Whereas Cu triggers internalization of CTR1 from the plasma membrane, cDDP does not. To investigate the mechanisms of these effects, myc-tagged forms of wild type hCTR1 and variants in which Y103 was converted to alanine, C189 was converted to serine, or the K178/K179 dilysine motif was converted to alanines were re-expressed in mouse embryo cells in which both alleles of CTR1 had been knocked out and also in HEK293T cells. The Y103A mutation and to a lesser extent the C189S mutation reduced internalization of CTR1 induced by Cu while the K178A/K179A had little effect. Both Y103 and C189 were required for Cu and cDDP transport whereas the K178/K179 motif was not. While Y103 lies in an YXXM motif that, when phosphorylated, is a potential docking site for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and other proteins involved in endocytosis, Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated myc-CTR1, and proteomic analysis of peptides derived from CTR1, failed to identify any basal or Cu-induced phosphorylation. However, proteomic analysis did identify an interaction of CTR1 with IRS-4 and this was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation from HEK cells expressing either FLAG-CTR1 or myc-CTR1. The interaction was greater in the Y103A-expressing cells. We conclude that Y103 is required for the internalization of hCTR1 in response to Cu, that this occurs by a mechanism other than phosphorylation and that mutation of Y103 modulates the interaction with IRS-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Christopher A Larson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
| | - Roohangiz Safaei
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA
| | - Stephen B Howell
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, Mail Code 0819, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
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20
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Lin X, Shang X, Manorek G, Fofana M, Stephen B H. Integrin αV modulates the cellular pharmacology of copper and cisplatin by regulating expression of the influx transporter CTR1. Oncoscience 2014; 1:185-195. [PMID: 25594011 PMCID: PMC4278295 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The αV integrin is expressed in most cancer cells where it regulates a diverse array of cellular functions essential to the initiation, progression and metastasis of solid tumors. However, little is known about how αV integrin modulates cellular sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, particularly the platinum drugs. In this study, we found that down-regulation of αV sensitized human M21 cells to cisplatin (cDDP) through up-regulation of the copper influx transporter CTR1. Cells selected for low αV integrin expression (M21L) were more sensitive to cDDP, accompanied by increase in CTR1 mRNA and CTR1 protein levels, more intracellular cDDP accumulation and cDDP DNA adduct formation. Basal copper (Cu) content, Cu uptake, and Cu cytotoxicity were also increased. Transfection of a luciferase reporter construct containing the hCTR1 promoter sequence revealed an increase of the hCTR1 transcription activity in M21L cells. The basis for the increased hCTR1 transcription was related to an increase in the steady-state level of Sp1, a transcription factor known to drive hCTR1 expression. These results indicate that the αV integrin modulates sensitivity of human cells to the cytotoxic effect of cDDP by regulating expression of the Cu transporter CTR1, and introduce the concept that αV expression is linked to Cu homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Lin
- Department of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiying Shang
- Department of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerald Manorek
- Department of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mariama Fofana
- Department of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Howell Stephen B
- Department of Medicine and UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Öhrvik H, Thiele DJ. The role of Ctr1 and Ctr2 in mammalian copper homeostasis and platinum-based chemotherapy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 31:178-82. [PMID: 24703712 PMCID: PMC4175275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for growth and development that has the potential to be toxic if levels accumulate beyond the ability of cells to homeostatically balance uptake with detoxification. One system for Cu acquisition is the integral membrane Cu(+) transporter, Ctr1, which has been quite well characterized in terms of its function and physiology. The mammalian Ctr2 protein has been a conundrum for the copper field, as it is structurally closely related to the high affinity Cu transporter Ctr1, sharing important motifs for Cu transport activity. However, in contrast to mammalian Ctr1, Ctr2 fails to suppress the Cu-dependent growth phenotype of yeast cells defective in Cu(+) import, nor does it appreciably stimulate Cu acquisition when over-expressed in mammalian cells, underscoring important functional dissimilarities between the two proteins. Several roles for the mammalian Ctr2 have been suggested both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize and discuss current insights into the Ctr2 protein and its interaction with Ctr1, its functions in mammalian Cu homeostasis and platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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22
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Huang CP, Fofana M, Chan J, Chang CJ, Howell SB. Copper transporter 2 regulates intracellular copper and sensitivity to cisplatin. Metallomics 2014; 6:654-61. [PMID: 24522273 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells express two copper (Cu) influx transporters, CTR1 and CTR2. CTR1 serves as an influx transporter for both Cu and cisplatin (cDDP). In mouse embryo fibroblasts, reduction of CTR1 expression renders cells resistant to cDDP whereas reduction of CTR2 makes them hypersensitive both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the role of CTR2 on intracellular Cu and cDDP sensitivity its expression was molecularly altered in the human epithelial 2008 cancer cell model. Intracellular exchangeable Cu(+) was measured with the fluorescent probe Coppersensor-3 (CS3). The ability of CS3 to report on changes in intracellular Cu(+) was validated by showing that Cu chelators reduced its signal, and that changes in signal accompanied alterations in expression of the major Cu influx transporter CTR1 and the two Cu efflux transporters, ATP7A and ATP7B. Constitutive knock down of CTR2 mRNA by ∼50% reduced steady-state exchangeable Cu by 22-23% and increased the sensitivity of 2008 cells by a factor of 2.6-2.9 in two separate clones. Over-expression of CTR2 increased exchangeable Cu(+) by 150% and rendered the 2008 cells 2.5-fold resistant to cDDP. The results provide evidence that CS3 can quantitatively assess changes in exchangeable Cu(+), and that CTR2 regulates both the level of exchangeable Cu(+) and sensitivity to cDDP in a model of human epithelial cancer. This study introduces CS3 and related sensors as novel tools for probing and assaying Cu-dependent sensitivity to anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Huang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
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23
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Robinson SM, Mann J, Manas DM, Mann DA, White SA. An experimental study to identify the potential role of pharmacogenomics in determining the occurrence of oxaliplatin-induced liver injury. HPB (Oxford) 2013; 15:581-7. [PMID: 23458185 PMCID: PMC3731578 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy has been linked to the development of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), which is detrimental to outcome after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The aim of this study was to determine how the expression of genes involved in the transport and metabolism of FOLFOX chemotherapy impacts on tissue injury in a murine model of CLM. METHODS Experimental CLM was established in C57/B16 mice and treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy. After 3 weeks, the animals were killed and RNA extracted from liver, spleen and tumour tissue. DNA damage was assessed by immunohistochemistry for γH2AX. Gene expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS FOLFOX treatment was associated with an increase in the number of γH2AX-positive cells in both the spleen (P < 0.01) and tumour tissue (P < 0.01), but not the liver. Tissue resistance to injury following FOLFOX was associated with high expression of the copper transporter ATP7B. Differences in the expression of genes related to 5-fluorouracil metabolism or DNA repair did not correlate with the severity of tissue injury. CONCLUSIONS High levels of expression of ATP7B are associated with resistance to tissue injury following FOLFOX chemotherapy. Polymorphisms in the ATP7B gene may explain varying susceptibility to SOS among patients following oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Freeman HospitalNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek M Manas
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Freeman HospitalNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven A White
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Freeman HospitalNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Milano G, Fanciullino R, Ciccolini J. Research Highlights: Highlights from the latest articles in pharmacogenomics applied to cancer therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1004-5. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Milano
- Oncopharmacology Unit, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189 Nice cedex 02 France
| | - Raphaelle Fanciullino
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Inserm S_911 CRO2, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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25
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Williams KM, Poynter AD, Hendrie JD, Jackson DC, Martin VK. Comparison of N-acetylmethionine reactivity between oxaliplatin and an oxaliplatin derivative with chiral ( S,S) amine nitrogen atoms. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013; 401:64-69. [PMID: 23626375 PMCID: PMC3635081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized an oxaliplatin derivative using N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (Me2dach) as the diamine ligand. The complex (S,R,R,S)-Pt(Me2dach)(oxalate), where S,R,R,S represents the chiralities at N,C,C,N, respectively, was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, COSY, NOESY, and HMQC. Oxaliplatin reacts with N-acetylmethionine (N-AcMet) to form [Pt(dach)(N-AcMet-S)2] and [Pt(dach)(N-AcMet-S,N)], with the former favored at higher molar ratios of N-AcMet. In contrast, Pt(Me2dach)(oxalate) reacts to form [Pt(Me2dach)(N-AcMet-S,O)]+ even in the presence of excess N-AcMet. Molecular mechanics calculations are consistent with significant steric clashes in models of [Pt(Me2dach)(N-AcMet-S)2]. When N-AcMet was reacted with an excess of each platinum complex, the rate of N-AcMet decrease was very similar for both complexes. Thus, the methyl groups at the nitrogen atoms had little to no effect on the addition of the sulfur atom of a single N-acetylmethionine, but they prevented chelation of the amide nitrogen or coordination of a second N-acetylmethionine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd #11079, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1079
| | - Amy D. Poynter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd #11079, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1079
| | - Jonathan D. Hendrie
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd #11079, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1079
| | - Daniel C. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd #11079, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1079
| | - Virginia K. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd #11079, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1079
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Alvarez-Berríos MP, Castillo A, Mendéz J, Soto O, Rinaldi C, Torres-Lugo M. Hyperthermic potentiation of cisplatin by magnetic nanoparticle heaters is correlated with an increase in cell membrane fluidity. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1003-13. [PMID: 23493492 PMCID: PMC3593770 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia as a cancer treatment method is an attractive alternative to other forms of hyperthermia. It is based on the heat released by magnetic nanoparticles subjected to an alternating magnetic field. Recent studies have shown that magnetic fluid hyperthermia-treated cells respond significantly better to chemotherapeutic treatment compared with cells treated with hot water hyperthermia under the same temperature conditions. We hypothesized that this synergistic effect is due to an additional stress on the cellular membrane, independent of the thermal heat dose effect that is induced by nanoparticles exposed to an alternating magnetic field. This would result in an increase in Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) (cDDP, cisplatin) uptake via passive transport. To test this hypothesis, we exposed cDDP-treated cells to extracellular copper in order to hinder the human cell copper transporter (hCTR1)-mediated active transport of cDDP. This, in turn, can increase the passive transport of the drug through the cell membrane. Our results did not show statistically significant differences in surviving fractions for cells treated concomitantly with magnetic fluid hyperthermia and cDDP, in the presence or absence of copper. Nonetheless, significant copper-dependent variations in cell survival were observed for samples treated with combined cDDP and hot water hyperthermia. These results correlated with platinum uptake studies, which showed that cells treated with magnetic fluid hyperthermia had higher platinum uptake than cells treated with hot water hyperthermia. Changes in membrane fluidity were tested through fluorescence anisotropy measurements using trimethylamine-diphenylhexatriene. Additional uptake studies were conducted with acridine orange and measured by flow cytometry. These studies indicated that magnetic fluid hyperthermia significantly increases cell membrane fluidity relative to hot water hyperthermia and untreated cells, and hence this could be a factor contributing to the increase of cDDP uptake in magnetic fluid hyperthermia-treated cells. Overall, our data provide convincing evidence that cell membrane permeability induced by magnetic fluid hyperthermia is significantly greater than that induced by hot water hyperthermia under similar temperature conditions, and is at least one of the mechanisms responsible for potentiation of cDDP by magnetic fluid hyperthermia in Caco-2 cells.
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28
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Waissbluth S, Daniel SJ. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: transporters playing a role in cisplatin toxicity. Hear Res 2013; 299:37-45. [PMID: 23467171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a potent antineoplastic agent widely used for a variety of cancer types. Unfortunately, its use leads to dose limiting side effects such as ototoxicity. Up to 93% of patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy will develop progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss which leads to a decreased quality of life in cancer survivors. No treatment is currently available for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. It appears that cisplatin causes apoptosis by binding DNA, activating the inflammatory cascade as well as generating oxidative stress in the cell. Various studies have aimed to assess the potential protective effects of compounds such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, caspase inhibitors, anti-apoptotic agents and calcium channel blockers against the toxicity caused by cisplatin in the inner ear with variable degrees of protection. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity remains unclear. This review summarizes all of the known transporters that could play a role in cisplatin influx, leading to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The following were evaluated: copper transporters, organic cation transporters, the transient receptor potential channel family, calcium channels, multidrug resistance associated proteins, mechanotransduction channels and chloride channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Waissbluth
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec, Canada
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29
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Liang ZD, Long Y, Tsai WB, Fu S, Kurzrock R, Gagea-Iurascu M, Zhang F, Chen HH, Hennessy BT, Mills GB, Savaraj N, Kuo MT. Mechanistic basis for overcoming platinum resistance using copper chelating agents. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2483-94. [PMID: 22914438 PMCID: PMC3496003 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based antitumor agents are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the successful use of these agents because once drug resistance develops, other effective treatment options are limited. Recently, we conducted a clinical trial using a copper-lowering agent to overcome platinum drug resistance in ovarian cancer patients and the preliminary results are encouraging. In supporting this clinical study, using three pairs of cisplatin (cDDP)-resistant cell lines and two ovarian cancer cell lines derived from patients who had failed in platinum-based chemotherapy, we showed that cDDP resistance associated with reduced expression of the high-affinity copper transporter (hCtr1), which is also a cDDP transporter, can be preferentially resensitized by copper-lowering agents because of enhanced hCtr1 expression, as compared with their drug-sensitive counterparts. Such a preferential induction of hCtr1 expression in cDDP-resistant variants by copper chelation can be explained by the mammalian copper homeostasis regulatory mechanism. Enhanced cell-killing efficacy by a copper-lowering agent was also observed in animal xenografts bearing cDDP-resistant cells. Finally, by analyzing a public gene expression dataset, we found that ovarian cancer patients with elevated levels of hCtr1 in their tumors, but not ATP7A and ATP7B, had more favorable outcomes after platinum drug treatment than those expressing low hCtr1 levels. This study reveals the mechanistic basis for using copper chelation to overcome cDDP resistance in clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng D. Liang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen-Bin Tsai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigative Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trial Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Investigative Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trial Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mihai Gagea-Iurascu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Helen H.W. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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30
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Shang X, Lin X, Manorek G, Howell SB. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 regulate sensitivity to cisplatin by controlling expression of the copper and cisplatin influx transporter CTR1. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:85-94. [PMID: 23053666 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin-3 (CLDN3) and claudin-4 (CLDN4) are the major structural molecules that form tight junctions (TJs) between epithelial cells. We found that knockdown of the expression of either CLDN3 or CLDN4 produced marked changes in the phenotype of ovarian cancer cells, including an increase in resistance to cisplatin (cDDP). The effect of CLND3 and CLDN4 on cDDP cytotoxicity, cDDP cellular accumulation, and DNA adduct formation was compared in the CLDN3- and CLDN4-expressing parental human ovarian carcinoma 2008 cells and CLDN3 and CLDN4 knockdown sublines (CLDN3KD and CLDN4KD, respectively). Knockdown of CLDN3 or CLDN4 rendered human ovarian carcinoma 2008 cells resistant to cDDP in both in vitro culture and in vivo xenograft model. The net accumulation of platinum (Pt) and the Pt-DNA adduct levels were reduced in CLDN3KD and CLDN4KD cells. The endogenous mRNA levels of copper influx transporter CTR1 were found to be significantly reduced in the knockdown cells, and exogenous expression of CTR1 restored their sensitivity to cDDP. Reexpression of an shRNAi-resistant CLDN3 or CLDN4 up-regulated CTR1 levels, reversed the cDDP resistance, and enhanced TJ formation in the knockdown cells. Baseline copper (Cu) level, Cu uptake, and Cu cytotoxicity were also reduced in CLDN3KD and CLDN4KD cells. Cu-dependent tyrosinase activity was also markedly reduced in both types of CLDN knockdown cells when incubated with the substrate l-DOPA. These results indicate that CLDN3 and CLDN4 affect sensitivity of the ovarian cancer cells to the cytotoxic effect of cDDP by regulating expression of the Cu transporter CTR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Shang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA
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31
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Abada PB, Larson CA, Manorek G, Adams P, Howell SB. Sec61β controls sensitivity to platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents through modulation of the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7A. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:510-20. [PMID: 22710939 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sec61 protein translocon is a multimeric complex that transports proteins across lipid bilayers. We discovered that the Sec61β subunit modulates cellular sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, particularly the platinum drugs. To investigate the mechanism, expression of Sec61β was constitutively knocked down in 2008 ovarian cancer cells. Sec61β knockdown (KD) resulted in 8-, 16.8-, and 9-fold resistance to cisplatin (cDDP), carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, respectively. Sec61β KD reduced the cellular accumulation of cDDP to 67% of that in parental cells. Baseline copper levels, copper uptake, and copper cytotoxicity were also reduced. Because copper transporters and chaperones regulate platinum drug accumulation and efflux, their expression in 2008 Sec61β-KD cells was analyzed; ATP7A was found to be 2- to 3-fold overexpressed, whereas there was no change in ATP7B, ATOX1, CTR1, or CTR2 levels. Cells lacking ATP7A did not exhibit increased cDDP resistance upon knockdown of Sec61β. Sec61β-KD cells also exhibited altered ATP7A cellular distribution. We conclude that Sec61β modulates the cytotoxicity of many chemotherapeutic agents, with the largest effect being on the platinum drugs. This modulation occurs through effects of Sec61β on the expression and distribution of ATP7A, which was shown previously to control platinum drug sequestration and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo B Abada
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
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32
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Urso E, Manno D, Serra A, Buccolieri A, Rizzello A, Danieli A, Acierno R, Salvato B, Maffia M. Role of the Cellular Prion Protein in the Neuron Adaptation Strategy to Copper Deficiency. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:989-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Kommuguri UN, Bodiga S, Sankuru S, Bodiga VL. Copper deprivation modulates CTR1 and CUP1 expression and enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26:13-9. [PMID: 22365074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been established as a model system for cancer studies, due to the widely conserved family of genes involved in cell cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. In the current study, we sought to determine whether copper deprivation modulates sensitivity of yeast to cisplatin. Yeast cultures grown in low copper medium and exposed to bathocuproiene disulfate (BCS) resulted in significant reduction of intracellular copper. We report here that low copper medium rendered BY4741 hypersensitive to cisplatin (CDDP). Yeast grown in low copper medium exhibited ∼2.0 fold enhanced cytotoxicity in survival and colony-forming ability, compared to copper adequate control cells grown in YPD. The effect of copper restriction on CDDP sensitivity appeared to be associated with the up regulation of CTR1, facilitating enhanced uptake and accumulation of CDDP. Also, CDDP further lowered copper deprivation-induced changes in CUP1 metallothionein levels, SOD activity and GSH levels. These changes were associated with increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by CDDP. These results thus suggest that cisplatin cytotoxicity is potentiated under low copper conditions due to enhanced uptake and accumulation of cisplatin and also in part due to lowered antioxidant defense and increased oxidative stress imposed by copper deprivation.
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34
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Besançon OG, Tytgat GAM, Meinsma R, Leen R, Hoebink J, Kalayda GV, Jaehde U, Caron HN, van Kuilenburg ABP. Synergistic interaction between cisplatin and gemcitabine in neuroblastoma cell lines and multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Lett 2011; 319:23-30. [PMID: 22182450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy and mechanism of action of cisplatin and gemcitabine were investigated in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and multicellular tumor spheroids. In neuroblastoma spheroids, the combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine induced a complete cytostasis at clinical relevant concentrations. A synergistic effect was observed when cells were coincubated with both drugs or preincubated with gemcitabine first. These administration sequences resulted in NASS cells in decreased ERCC1 and XPA expression, two key proteins of the NER DNA repair system, and increased platinum adduct formation in DNA. Most of these phenomena were not observed in SJNB8 cells which might explain the lack of synergy between cisplatin and gemcitabine in SJNB8 cells. Our results showed favorable interactions between cisplatin and gemcitabine in 4 out of 5 cell lines. Therefore, we feel that inclusion of gemcitabine into cisplatin-containing regiments might be a promising new strategy for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette G Besançon
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Lee YY, Choi CH, Do IG, Song SY, Lee W, Park HS, Song TJ, Kim MK, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Bae DS, Kim BG. Prognostic value of the copper transporters, CTR1 and CTR2, in patients with ovarian carcinoma receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:361-5. [PMID: 21570711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CTR1 and CTR2 are copper transporters that have been associated with platinum sensitivity in several human cancers. We investigated the prognostic significance of CTR1 and CTR2 in women with ovarian carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the expression of CTR1 and CTR2 using real-time PCR in 40 women with ovarian carcinoma (IIb=2, IIIb=2, IIIc=30, IV=6). We compared the expression of CTR1 and CTR2 with participants' clinicopathological findings. RESULTS We found lower expression of CTR1 and CTR2 mRNA in ovarian cancer cells against normal ovarian tissue with statistically significant differences (p=0.018 and 0.011, respectively). High CTR1 expression was a prognostic factor for improved survival after adjusting for age, tumor grade, stage, residual tumor, and CTR2 mRNA expression (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.84). However, CTR2 expression did not exhibit any prognostic significance. Of the 20 women with elevated CTR1 expression, 17 (85%) were sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy. Of the 7 women with low CTR1 expression and high CTR2 expression, 6 (85.7%) were resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy and had the shortest progression-free survival of all women in our study sample. CONCLUSION In our sample of 40 women with ovarian carcinoma, high CTR1 expression was significantly associated with sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy and longer progression-free survival. Conversely, low CTR1 expression and high CTR2 expression were significantly associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and the shortest survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
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36
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Regulation of Cisplatin cytotoxicity by cu influx transporters. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2010:317581. [PMID: 21274436 PMCID: PMC3025362 DOI: 10.1155/2010/317581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum drugs are an important class of cancer chemotherapeutics. However, the use of these drugs is limited by the development of resistance during treatment with decreased accumulation being a common mechanism. Both Cu transporters CTR1 and CTR2 influence the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Although it is structurally similar to CTR1, CTR2 functions in a manner opposite to that of CTR1 with respect to Pt drug uptake. Whereas knockout of CTR1 reduces Pt drug uptake, knockdown of CTR2 enhances cisplatin uptake and cytotoxicity. CTR2 is subject to transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation by both Cu and cisplatin; this regulation is partly dependent on the Cu chaperone ATOX1. Insight into the mechanisms by which CTR1 and CTR2 regulate sensitivity to the Pt-containing drugs has served as the basis for novel pharmacologic strategies for improving their efficacy.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology and Environmental Health and High Technology Research Center, Showa Pharmaceutical University
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38
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Bertinato J, Duval S, L’Abbé MR. Copper transporter 2 content is lower in liver and heart of copper-deficient rats. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4741-9. [PMID: 21151468 PMCID: PMC3000112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) transporter 2 (Ctr2) is a transmembrane protein that transports Cu across cell membranes and increases cytosolic Cu levels. Experiments using cell lines have suggested that Ctr2 expression is regulated by Cu status. The importance of changes in Ctr2 expression is underscored by recent studies demonstrating that lower Ctr2 content in cells increases the cellular uptake of platinum-containing cancer drugs and toxicity to the drugs. In this study, we examined whether Ctr2 expression is altered by a nutritional Cu deficiency in vivo. Ctr2 mRNA and protein in liver and heart from rats fed a normal (Cu-N), moderately deficient (Cu-M) or deficient (Cu-D) Cu diet was measured. Rats fed the Cu-deficient diets showed a dose-dependent decrease in liver Ctr2 protein compared to Cu-N rats. Ctr2 protein was 42% and 85% lower in Cu-M and Cu-D rats, respectively. Liver Ctr2 mRNA was 50% lower in Cu-D rats and unaffected in Cu-M rats. In heart, Ctr2 protein was only lower in Cu-D rats (46% lower). These data show that Cu deficiency decreases Ctr2 content in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bertinato
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +613-957-0924; Fax: +613-941-6182
| | - Sébastien Duval
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Centre, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Mary R. L’Abbé
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada; E-Mail:
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Blair BG, Larson CA, Adams PL, Abada PB, Pesce CE, Safaei R, Howell SB. Copper transporter 2 regulates endocytosis and controls tumor growth and sensitivity to cisplatin in vivo. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:157-66. [PMID: 20930109 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.068411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper transporter 2 (CTR2) is one of the four copper transporters in mammalian cells that influence the cellular pharmacology of cisplatin and carboplatin. CTR2 was knocked down using a short hairpin RNA interference. Robust expression of CTR2 was observed in parental tumors grown in vivo, whereas no staining was found in the tumors formed from cells in which CTR2 had been knocked down. Knockdown of CTR2 reduced growth rate by 5.8-fold, increased the frequency of apoptotic cells, and decreased the vascular density, but it did not change copper content. Knockdown of CTR2 increased the tumor accumulation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) [cisplatin (cDDP)] by 9.1-fold and greatly increased its therapeutic efficacy. Because altered endocytosis has been implicated in cDDP resistance, uptake of dextran was used to quantify the rate of macropinocytosis. Knockdown of CTR2 increased dextran uptake 2.5-fold without reducing exocytosis. Inhibition of macropinocytosis with either amiloride or wortmannin blocked the increase in macropinocytosis mediated by CTR2 knockdown. Stimulation of macropinocytosis by platelet-derived growth factor coordinately increased dextran and cDDP uptake. Knockdown of CTR2 was associated with activation of the Rac1 and cdc42 GTPases that control macropinocytosis but not activation of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway. We conclude that CTR2 is required for optimal tumor growth and that it is an unusually strong regulator of cisplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity. CTR2 regulates the transport of cDDP in part through control of the rate of macropinocytosis via activation of Rac1 and cdc42. Selective knockdown of CTR2 in tumors offers a strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Blair
- Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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