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Huang T, Suleman M, Xu Z, Wei L, Yang Y, Zhang M, Chen Z. Transition-Metal-Free Sulfoximidation of Sulfonylhydrazones for the Synthesis of N-Sulfanylidenehydrazonamides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6597-6601. [PMID: 39058905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a transition-metal-free C-H bond sulfoximidation protocol of sulfonyl hydrazones with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents. A library of novel N-sulfaneylidenehydrazonamides was constructed via chemoselective C-N bond formation reactions at aldehyde C-H bonds of sulfonyl hydrazones in the presence of a base. The reaction demonstrated broad substrate group diversity under exceedingly mild reaction conditions, and excellent yields were achieved at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Huang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, 310015 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyu Xu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Li Wei
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310010, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, 310015 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Varkaris A, Fece de la Cruz F, Martin EE, Norden BL, Chevalier N, Kehlmann AM, Leshchiner I, Barnes H, Ehnstrom S, Stavridi AM, Yuan X, Kim JS, Ellis H, Papatheodoridi A, Gunaydin H, Danysh BP, Parida L, Sanidas I, Ji Y, Lau K, Wulf GM, Bardia A, Spring LM, Isakoff SJ, Lennerz JK, Del Vecchio K, Pierce L, Pazolli E, Getz G, Corcoran RB, Juric D. Allosteric PI3Kα Inhibition Overcomes On-target Resistance to Orthosteric Inhibitors Mediated by Secondary PIK3CA Mutations. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:227-239. [PMID: 37916958 PMCID: PMC10850944 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations occur in ∼8% of cancers, including ∼40% of HR-positive breast cancers, where the PI3K-alpha (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor alpelisib is FDA approved in combination with fulvestrant. Although prior studies have identified resistance mechanisms, such as PTEN loss, clinically acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors remains poorly understood. Through serial liquid biopsies and rapid autopsies in 39 patients with advanced breast cancer developing acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors, we observe that 50% of patients acquire genomic alterations within the PI3K pathway, including PTEN loss and activating AKT1 mutations. Notably, although secondary PIK3CA mutations were previously reported to increase sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibitors, we identified emergent secondary resistance mutations in PIK3CA that alter the inhibitor binding pocket. Some mutations had differential effects on PI3Kα-selective versus pan-PI3K inhibitors, but resistance induced by all mutations could be overcome by the novel allosteric pan-mutant-selective PI3Kα-inhibitor RLY-2608. Together, these findings provide insights to guide strategies to overcome resistance in PIK3CA-mutated cancers. SIGNIFICANCE In one of the largest patient cohorts analyzed to date, this study defines the clinical landscape of acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors. Genomic alterations within the PI3K pathway represent a major mode of resistance and identify a novel class of secondary PIK3CA resistance mutations that can be overcome by an allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor. See related commentary by Gong and Vanhaesebroeck, p. 204 . See related article by Varkaris et al., p. 240 . This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Varkaris
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ferran Fece de la Cruz
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Bryanna L. Norden
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Chevalier
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison M. Kehlmann
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Haley Barnes
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Ehnstrom
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janice S. Kim
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haley Ellis
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Brian P. Danysh
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ioannis Sanidas
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongli Ji
- Hematology-Oncology, Exeter Hospital, New Haven
| | - Kayao Lau
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerburg M. Wulf
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura M. Spring
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven J. Isakoff
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen K. Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Levi Pierce
- Relay Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gad Getz
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan B. Corcoran
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dejan Juric
- Mass General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Jia W, Luo S, Guo H, Kong D. Development of PI3Kα inhibitors for tumor therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8587-8604. [PMID: 36221910 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is well known to be involved in cell growth, proliferation, metabolism and other cellular physiological processes. Abnormal activation of this pathway is closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis. As the starting node of the pathway, PI3K is known to contain 4 isoforms, including PI3Kα, a heterodimer composed of the catalytic subunit p110α and the regulatory subunit p85. PIK3CA, which encodes p110α, is frequently mutated in cancer, especially breast cancer. Abnormal activation of PI3Kα promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis; therefore, PI3Kα has become a key target for the development of anticancer drugs. The hinge region and the region of the mutation site in the PI3Kα protein are important for designing PI3Kα-specific inhibitors. As the group shared by the most PI3Kα-specific inhibitors reported thus far, carboxamide can produce hydrogen bonds with Gln859 and Ser854. Gln859 is specific to the p110α protein in producing hydrogen bond interactions with PI3Kα-specific inhibitors and this is a key point for designing PI3Kα inhibitors. To date, alpelisib is the only PI3Kα inhibitor approved for the treatment of breast cancer. Several other PI3Kα inhibitors are under evaluation in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly describe PI3Kα and its role in tumorigenesis, summarize the clinical trial results of some PI3Kα inhibitors as well as the synthetic routes of alpelisib, and finally give our proposal for the development of novel PI3Kα inhibitors for tumor therapy. HighlightsWe summarize the progress of PI3Kα and PI3Kα inhibitors in cancer from the second half of the 20th century to the present.We describe the clinical trial results of PI3Kα inhibitors as well as the synthetic routes of the only approved PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib.Crystal structure of alpelisib bound to the PI3Kα receptor binding domain.This review gives proposal for the development of novel PI3Kα inhibitors and will serve as a complementary summary to other reviews in the research field of PI3K inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyu Luo
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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4
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Freitas de Sousa FJ, Nunes Azevedo FF, Santos de Oliveira FL, Vieira Carletti J, Freire VN, Zanatta G. Quantum biochemistry description of PI3Kα enzyme bound to selective inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37632299 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2251063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K class I is composed of four PI3K isoforms that serve as regulatory enzymes governing cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival. The hyperactivation of PI3Kα is observed in various types of cancer and is linked to poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the development inhibitors selectively targeting one of the isoforms remains challenging, with only few agents in clinical use. The main difficulty arises from the high conservation among residues at the ATP-binding pocket across isoforms, which also serves as target pocket for inhibitors. In this work, molecular dynamics and quantum calculations were performed to investigate the molecular features guiding the binding of selective inhibitors, alpelisib and GDC-0326, into the ATP-binding pocket of PI3Kα. While molecular dynamics allowed crystallographic coordinates to relax, the interaction eergy between each amino acid residues and inhibitors was obtained by combining the Molecular Fractionation with Conjugated Caps scheme with Density Functional Theory calculations. In addition, the atomic charge of ligands in the bound and unbound (free) was calculated. Results indicated that the most relevant residues for the binding of alpelisib are Ile932, Glu859, Val851, Val850, Tyr836, Met922, Ile800, and Ile848, while the most important residues for the binding of GDC-0326 are Ile848, Ile800, Ile932, Gln859, Glu849, and Met922. In addition, residues Trp780, Ile800, Tyr836, Ile848, Gln859 Val850, Val851, Ile932 and Met922 are common hotspots for both inhibitors. Overall, the results from this work contribute to improving the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling selectivity and highlight important interactions to be considered during the rational design of new agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Geancarlo Zanatta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Cheng Z, Bhave M, Hwang SS, Rahman T, Chee XW. Identification of Potential p38γ Inhibitors via In Silico Screening, In Vitro Bioassay and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087360. [PMID: 37108523 PMCID: PMC10139033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase p38γ is an attractive target against cancer because it plays a pivotal role in cancer cell proliferation by phosphorylating the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein. Therefore, inhibition of p38γ with active small molecules represents an attractive alternative for developing anti-cancer drugs. In this work, we present a rigorous and systematic virtual screening framework to identify potential p38γ inhibitors against cancer. We combined the use of machine learning-based quantitative structure activity relationship modelling with conventional computer-aided drug discovery techniques, namely molecular docking and ligand-based methods, to identify potential p38γ inhibitors. The hit compounds were filtered using negative design techniques and then assessed for their binding stability with p38γ through molecular dynamics simulations. To this end, we identified a promising compound that inhibits p38γ activity at nanomolar concentrations and hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro in the low micromolar range. This hit compound could serve as a potential scaffold for further development of a potent p38γ inhibitor against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cheng
- School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Kuching 93350, Malaysia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Siaw San Hwang
- School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Kuching 93350, Malaysia
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Xavier Wezen Chee
- School of Engineering and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak, Kuching 93350, Malaysia
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6
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Zapevalova MV, Shchegravina ES, Fonareva IP, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Scherbakov AM, Maleev AA, Ignatov SK, Grishin ID, Kuimov AN, Konovalova MV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Fedorov AY. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Novel Dimorpholinoquinazoline-Based Potential Inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810854. [PMID: 36142768 PMCID: PMC9503112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A (series) range of potential dimorpholinoquinazoline-based inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade was synthesized. Several compounds exhibited cytotoxicity towards a panel of cancer cell lines in the low and sub-micromolar range. Compound 7c with the highest activity and moderate selectivity towards MCF7 cells which express the mutant type of PI3K was also tested for the ability to inhibit PI3K-(signaling pathway) downstream effectors and associated proteins. Compound 7c inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and S6K at 125–250 nM. It also triggered PARP1 cleavage, ROS production, and cell death via several mechanisms. Inhibition of PI3Kα was observed at a concentration of 7b 50 µM and of 7c 500 µM and higher, that can indicate minority PI3Kα as a target among other kinases in the titled cascade for 7c. In vivo studies demonstrated an inhibition of tumor growth in the colorectal tumor model. According to the docking studies, the replacement of the triazine core in gedatolisib (8) by a quinazoline fragment, and incorporation of a (hetero)aromatic unit connected with the carbamide group via a flexible spacer, can result in more selective inhibition of the PI3Kα isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Zapevalova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Shchegravina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Insitute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.)
| | - Irina P. Fonareva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye Sh. 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Maleev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Stanislav K. Ignatov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ivan D. Grishin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Kuimov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maryia V. Konovalova
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Svirshchevskaya
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Insitute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.S.S.); (A.Y.F.)
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7
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Yi YW, You KS, Park JS, Lee SG, Seong YS. Ribosomal Protein S6: A Potential Therapeutic Target against Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010048. [PMID: 35008473 PMCID: PMC8744729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit and participates in the control of mRNA translation. Additionally, phospho (p)-RPS6 has been recognized as a surrogate marker for the activated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway, which occurs in many cancer types. However, downstream mechanisms regulated by RPS6 or p-RPS remains elusive, and the therapeutic implication of RPS6 is underappreciated despite an approximately half a century history of research on this protein. In addition, substantial evidence from RPS6 knockdown experiments suggests the potential role of RPS6 in maintaining cancer cell proliferation. This motivates us to investigate the current knowledge of RPS6 functions in cancer. In this review article, we reviewed the current information about the transcriptional regulation, upstream regulators, and extra-ribosomal roles of RPS6, with a focus on its involvement in cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of RPS6 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (K.S.Y.); (J.-S.P.)
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (Y.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-41-550-3875 (Y.-S.S.); Fax: +82-2-961-9623 (S.-G.L.)
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8
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Tantawy AH, El-Behairy MF, Abd-Allah WH, Jiang H, Wang MQ, Marzouk AA. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Novel Fluorinated Candidates as PI3K Inhibitors: Targeting Fluorophilic Binding Sites. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17468-17485. [PMID: 34791873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorinated candidates containing anticancer pharmacophores like thiosemicarbazone (5a-e) and its cyclic analogues hydrazineylidenethiazolidine (6a-e), 2-aminothiadiazole (7a-e), and 2-hydrazineylidenethiazolidin-4-one (8a-e) were synthesized, and their cytotoxic activity was assayed against 60 tumor cell lines. Compounds 6c, 7b, and 8b displayed the most potent activity with lower toxic effects on MCF-10a. In vitro phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme inhibition was performed. Compound 6c displayed half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50, μM) values of 5.8, 2.3, and 7.9; compound 7b displayed IC50 values of 19.4, 30.7, and 73.7; and compound 8b displayed IC50 values of 77.5, 53.5, and 121.3 for PI3Kα, β, and δ, respectively. Moreover, cell cycle progression caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase for compounds 6c and 8b and at G1/S for compound 7b, while apoptosis was induced. In silico studies; molecular docking; physicochemical parameters; and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis were performed. The results showed that compound 6c is the most potent one with a selectivity index (SI) of 39 and is considered as a latent lead for further optimization of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Tantawy
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Farrag El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufiya 32897, Egypt
| | - Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Qun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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9
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Zhu J, Li K, Yu L, Chen Y, Cai Y, Jin J, Hou T. Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ): Discovery and development of its selective inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1599-1621. [PMID: 33300614 DOI: 10.1002/med.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been regarded as a promising drug target for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the high level of structural conservation among the members of the PI3K family and the diverse physiological roles of Class I PI3K isoforms (α, β, δ, and γ) highlight the importance of isoform selectivity in the development of PI3Kγ inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural features of PI3Kγ that influence γ-isoform selectivity and discuss the structure-selectivity-activity relationship of existing clinical PI3Kγ inhibitors. Additionally, we summarize the experimental and computational techniques utilized to identify PI3Kγ inhibitors. The insights gained so far could be used to overcome the main challenges in development and accelerate the discovery of PI3Kγ-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Zhang M, Jang H, Nussinov R. PI3K inhibitors: review and new strategies. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5855-5865. [PMID: 32953006 PMCID: PMC7472334 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01676d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The search is on for effective specific inhibitors for PI3Kα mutants. PI3Kα, a critical lipid kinase, has two subunits, catalytic and inhibitory. PIK3CA, the gene that encodes the p110α catalytic subunit is a highly mutated protein in cancer. Dysregulation of PI3Kα signalling is commonly associated with tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Despite its vast importance, only recently the FDA approved the first drug (alpelisib by Novartis) for breast cancer. A second (GDC0077), classified as PI3Kα isoform-specific, is undergoing clinical trials. Not surprisingly, these ATP-competitive drugs commonly elicit severe concentration-dependent side effects. Here we briefly review PI3Kα mutations, focus on PI3K drug repertoire and propose new, to-date unexplored PI3Kα therapeutic strategies. These include (1) an allosteric and orthosteric inhibitor combination and (2) taking advantage of allosteric rescue mutations to guide drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD 21702 , USA . ; Tel: +1-301-846-5579
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD 21702 , USA . ; Tel: +1-301-846-5579
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section , Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute at Frederick , Frederick , MD 21702 , USA . ; Tel: +1-301-846-5579
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry , Sackler School of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
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11
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Bheemanaboina RR. Isoform-Selective PI3K Inhibitors for Various Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1074-1092. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200106141717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of ubiquitously distributed lipid kinases that
control a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Over the years, PI3K has emerged as an attractive
target for the development of novel pharmaceuticals to treat cancer and various other diseases.
In the last five years, four of the PI3K inhibitors viz. Idelalisib, Copanlisib, Duvelisib, and Alpelisib
were approved by the FDA for the treatment of different types of cancer and several other PI3K inhibitors
are currently under active clinical development. So far clinical candidates are non-selective kinase
inhibitors with various off-target liabilities due to cross-reactivities. Hence, there is a need for the discovery
of isoform-selective inhibitors with improved efficacy and fewer side-effects. The development
of isoform-selective inhibitors is essential to reveal the unique functions of each isoform and its corresponding
therapeutic potential. Although the clinical effect and relative benefit of pan and isoformselective
inhibition will ultimately be determined, with the development of drug resistance and the demand
for next-generation inhibitors, it will continue to be of great significance to understand the potential
mechanism of isoform-selectivity. Because of the important role of type I PI3K family members in
various pathophysiological processes, isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors may ultimately have considerable
efficacy in a wide range of human diseases. This review summarizes the progress of isoformselective
PI3K inhibitors in preclinical and early clinical studies for anticancer and other various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan R.Y. Bheemanaboina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sokol Institute for Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
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12
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Marquard FE, Jücker M. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling as a molecular target in head and neck cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 172:113729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Pedini F, De Luca G, Felicetti F, Puglisi R, Boe A, Arasi MB, Fratini F, Mattia G, Spada M, Caporali S, Biffoni M, Giuliani A, Carè A, Felli N. Joint action of miR-126 and MAPK/PI3K inhibitors against metastatic melanoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1836-1854. [PMID: 31115969 PMCID: PMC6717748 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data support the rationale of combined therapies in advanced melanoma. Specifically, the combined use of drugs with different mechanisms of action can reduce the probability of selecting resistant clones. To identify agents active against melanoma cells, we screened a library of 349 anti‐cancer compounds, currently in clinical use or trials, and selected PIK‐75, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, as the ‘top active’ drug. PIK‐75 was then used alone or in combination with vemurafenib, the first BRAF inhibitor approved for patients with melanoma harboring BRAF mutations. We identified a combined dose of PIK‐75 and vemurafenib that inhibited both the PI3K/AKT and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, thereby overcoming any compensatory activation. In view of the important tumor suppressor function induced by restoring expression of microRNA (miR)‐126 in metastatic melanoma cells, we examined whether miR‐126 has a synergistic role when included in a triple combination alongside PIK‐75 and vemurafenib. We found that enforced expression of miR‐126 (which alone can reduce tumorigenicity) significantly increased PIK‐75 activity when used as either a single agent or in combination with vemurafenib. Interestingly, PIK‐75 proved to be effective against early passage cell lines derived from patients’ biopsies and on melanoma cell lines resistant to either vemurafenib or dabrafenib, thus suggesting that it potentially has the capability to overcome drug resistance. Finally, the synergistic role played by miR‐126 in combination with vemurafenib and/or PIK‐75 was demonstrated in vivo in mouse xenograft models, in which tumor growth inhibition was associated with increased apoptosis. These results not only show the efficacy of PIK‐75 and vemurafenib co‐treatment but also indicate that restoration of miR‐126 expression in advanced melanoma can enhance their antitumor activity, which may possibly allow dose reduction to decrease adverse events without reducing the therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Arasi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Center of Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Felli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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14
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Wu L, Sadhukhan A, Kobayashi Y, Ogo N, Tokizawa M, Agrahari RK, Ito H, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Asai A, Koyama H. Involvement of phosphatidylinositol metabolism in aluminum-induced malate secretion in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3329-3342. [PMID: 30977815 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To identify the upstream signaling of aluminum-induced malate secretion through aluminum-activated malate transporter 1 (AtALMT1), a pharmacological assay using inhibitors of human signal transduction pathways was performed. Early aluminum-induced transcription of AtALMT1 and other aluminum-responsive genes was significantly suppressed by phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) and phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors, indicating that the PI4K-PLC metabolic pathway activates early aluminum signaling. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI4K reduced aluminum-activated malate transport by AtALMT1, suggesting that both the PI3K and PI4K metabolic pathways regulate this process. These results were validated using T-DNA insertion mutants of PI4K and PI3K-RNAi lines. A human protein kinase inhibitor, putatively inhibiting homologous calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase and/or Ca-dependent protein kinase in Arabidopsis, suppressed late-phase aluminum-induced expression of AtALMT1, which was concomitant with the induction of an AtALMT1 repressor, WRKY46, and suppression of an AtALMT1 activator, Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 2 (CAMTA2). In addition, a human deubiquitinase inhibitor suppressed aluminum-activated malate transport, suggesting that deubiquitinases can regulate this process. We also found a reduction of aluminum-induced citrate secretion in tobacco by applying inhibitors of PI3K and PI4K. Taken together, our results indicated that phosphatidylinositol metabolism regulates organic acid secretion in plants under aluminum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujie Wu
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayan Sadhukhan
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Naohisa Ogo
- Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroki Ito
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kobayashi
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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15
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Miller MS, Thompson PE, Gabelli SB. Structural Determinants of Isoform Selectivity in PI3K Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030082. [PMID: 30813656 PMCID: PMC6468644 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, and inflammatory and immune diseases. The four highly homologous Class I isoforms, PI3K, PI3K, PI3K and PI3K have unique, non-redundant physiological roles and as such, isoform selectivity has been a key consideration driving inhibitor design and development. In this review, we discuss the structural biology of PI3Ks and how our growing knowledge of structure has influenced the medicinal chemistry of PI3K inhibitors. We present an analysis of the available structure-selectivity-activity relationship data to highlight key insights into how the various regions of the PI3K binding site influence isoform selectivity. The picture that emerges is one that is far from simple and emphasizes the complex nature of protein-inhibitor binding, involving protein flexibility, energetics, water networks and interactions with non-conserved residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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16
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Tesch R, Becker C, Müller MP, Beck ME, Quambusch L, Getlik M, Lategahn J, Uhlenbrock N, Costa FN, Polêto MD, Pinheiro PDSM, Rodrigues DA, Sant'Anna CMR, Ferreira FF, Verli H, Fraga CAM, Rauh D. Eine ungewöhnliche intramolekulare Halogenbindung führt zu konformationeller Selektion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tesch
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brasilien
| | - Christian Becker
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Matthias Philipp Müller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Michael Edmund Beck
- Bayer AG; division Crop Science; Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50 40789 Monheim am Rhein Deutschland
| | - Lena Quambusch
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Matthäus Getlik
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Jonas Lategahn
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Niklas Uhlenbrock
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | | | - Marcelo D. Polêto
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre Brasilien
| | - Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brasilien
| | - Daniel Alencar Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brasilien
| | - Carlos Mauricio R. Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brasilien
- Departamento de Química; Instituto de Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Seropédica Brasilien
| | - Fabio Furlan Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Paulo Brasilien
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre Brasilien
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, (LASSBio); Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brasilien
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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17
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Zhang XH, Nam S, Wu J, Chen CH, Liu X, Li H, McKeithan T, Gong Q, Chan WC, Yin HH, Yuan YC, Pillai R, Querfeld C, Horne D, Chen Y, Rosen ST. Multi-Kinase Inhibitor with Anti-p38γ Activity in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2377-2387. [PMID: 29758280 PMCID: PMC7269016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) therapies are marked by an abbreviated response, subsequent drug resistance, and poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease. An understanding of molecular regulators involved in CTCL is needed to develop effective targeted therapies. One candidate regulator is p38γ, a mitogen-activated protein kinase crucial for malignant T-cell activity and growth. p38γ gene expression is selectively increased in CTCL patient samples and cell lines but not in healthy T cells. In addition, gene silencing of p38γ reduced CTCL cell viability, showing a key role in CTCL pathogenesis. Screening p38γ inhibitors is critical for understanding the mechanism of CTCL tumorigenesis and developing therapeutic applications. We prioritized a potent p38γ inhibitor (F7, also known as PIK75) through a high-throughput kinase inhibitor screen. At nanomolar concentrations, PIK75, a multiple kinase inhibitor, selectively killed CD4+ malignant CTCL cells but spared healthy CD4+ cells; induced significant reduction of tumor size in mouse xenografts; and effectively inhibited p38γ enzymatic activity and phosphorylation of its substrate, DLGH1, in CTCL cells and mouse xenografts. Here, we report that PIK75 has a potential clinical application to serve as a scaffold molecule for the development of a more selective p38γ inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hannah Zhang
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sangkil Nam
- High-Throughput Screening Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Animal Tumor Models Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Computational Therapeutics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Bioinformatics Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Timothy McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Hongwei Holly Yin
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Synthetic and Biopolymer Chemistry Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christiane Querfeld
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - David Horne
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.
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18
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Tesch R, Becker C, Müller MP, Beck ME, Quambusch L, Getlik M, Lategahn J, Uhlenbrock N, Costa FN, Polêto MD, Pinheiro PDSM, Rodrigues DA, Sant'Anna CMR, Ferreira FF, Verli H, Fraga CAM, Rauh D. An Unusual Intramolecular Halogen Bond Guides Conformational Selection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9970-9975. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tesch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Christian Becker
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Matthias Philipp Müller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Michael Edmund Beck
- Bayer AG; division Crop Science; Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50 40789 Monheim am Rhein Germany
| | - Lena Quambusch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Matthäus Getlik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jonas Lategahn
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Niklas Uhlenbrock
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | | | - Marcelo D. Polêto
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro de Sena Murteira Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Daniel Alencar Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carlos Mauricio R. Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Departamento de Química; Instituto de Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Seropédica Brazil
| | - Fabio Furlan Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas; Universidade Federal do ABC; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Hugo Verli
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; TU Dortmund University; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
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19
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Yanagisawa S, Baker JR, Vuppusetty C, Koga T, Colley T, Fenwick P, Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ, Ito K. The dynamic shuttling of SIRT1 between cytoplasm and nuclei in bronchial epithelial cells by single and repeated cigarette smoke exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193921. [PMID: 29509781 PMCID: PMC5839577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 (silent information regulator 2 homolog 1) is a crucial cellular survival protein especially in oxidative stress environments, and has been thought to locate within the nuclei, but also known to shuttle between cytoplasm and nuclei in some cell types. Here, we show for the first time the dynamics of SIRT1 in the presence of single or concurrent cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). In BEAS-2B HBEC or primary HBEC, SIRT1 was localized predominantly in cytoplasm, and the CSE (3%) induced nuclear translocation of SIRT1 from cytoplasm in the presence of L-buthionine sulfoximine (an irreversible inhibitor of γ-glutamylcystein synthetase), mainly through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) α subunit. This SIRT1 nuclear shuttling was associated with FOXO3a nuclear translocation and the strong induction of several anti-oxidant genes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 and 3; therefore seemed to be an adaptive response. When BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with repeated exposure to a lower concentration of CSE (0.3%), the CSE-induced SIRT1 shuttling and resultant SOD2/3 mRNA induction were significantly impaired. Thus, this result offers a useful cell model to mimic the impaired anti-oxidant capacity in cigarette smoking-associated lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yanagisawa
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chaitanya Vuppusetty
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Takeshi Koga
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Colley
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fenwick
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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PI-273, a Substrate-Competitive, Specific Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PI4KIIα, Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6253-6266. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Combining properties of different classes of PI3Kα inhibitors to understand the molecular features that confer selectivity. Biochem J 2017; 474:2261-2276. [PMID: 28526744 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are major regulators of many cellular functions, and hyperactivation of PI3K cell signalling pathways is a major target for anticancer drug discovery. PI3Kα is the isoform most implicated in cancer, and our aim is to selectively inhibit this isoform, which may be more beneficial than concurrent inhibition of all Class I PI3Ks. We have used structure-guided design to merge high-selectivity and high-affinity characteristics found in existing compounds. Molecular docking, including the prediction of water-mediated interactions, was used to model interactions between the ligands and the PI3Kα affinity pocket. Inhibition was tested using lipid kinase assays, and active compounds were tested for effects on PI3K cell signalling. The first-generation compounds synthesized had IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values >4 μM for PI3Kα yet were selective for PI3Kα over the other Class I isoforms (β, δ and γ). The second-generation compounds explored were predicted to better engage the affinity pocket through direct and water-mediated interactions with the enzyme, and the IC50 values decreased by ∼30-fold. Cell signalling analysis showed that some of the new PI3Kα inhibitors were more active in the H1047R mutant bearing cell lines SK-OV-3 and T47D, compared with the E545K mutant harbouring MCF-7 cell line. In conclusion, we have used a structure-based design approach to combine features from two different compound classes to create new PI3Kα-selective inhibitors. This provides new insights into the contribution of different chemical units and interactions with different parts of the active site to the selectivity and potency of PI3Kα inhibitors.
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Development of single and mixed isoform selectivity PI3Kδ inhibitors by targeting Asn836 of PI3Kδ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4790-4794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zheng Z, Pinson JA, Mountford SJ, Orive S, Schoenwaelder SM, Shackleford D, Powell A, Nelson EM, Hamilton JR, Jackson SP, Jennings IG, Thompson PE. Discovery and antiplatelet activity of a selective PI3Kβ inhibitor (MIPS-9922). Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:339-351. [PMID: 27387421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of amino-substituted triazines were developed and examined for PI3Kβ inhibition and anti-platelet function. Structural adaptations of a morpholine ring of the prototype pan-PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 yielded PI3Kβ selective compounds, where the selectivity largely derives from an interaction with the non-conserved Asp862 residue, as shown by site directed mutagenesis. The most PI3Kβ selective inhibitor from the series was studied in detail through a series of in vitro and in vivo functional studies. MIPS-9922, 10 potently inhibited ADP-induced washed platelet aggregation. It also inhibited integrin αIIbβ3 activation and αIIbβ3 dependent platelet adhesion to immobilized vWF under high shear. It prevented arterial thrombus formation in the in vivo electrolytic mouse model of thrombosis without inducing prolonged bleeding or excess blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Zheng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), 89 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Pinson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Simon J Mountford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Orive
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), 89 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Simone M Schoenwaelder
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), 89 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - David Shackleford
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Powell
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Erin M Nelson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), 89 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), 89 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Shaun P Jackson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), 89 Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ian G Jennings
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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The PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 displays promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy for targeted medulloblastoma therapy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:802-13. [PMID: 25596739 PMCID: PMC4359256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling network is a hallmark of oncogenesis. Also medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, is characterized by high levels of AKT phosphorylation and activated PI3K signalling in medulloblastoma is associated with enhanced cellular motility, survival and chemoresistency underscoring its role of as a potential therapeutic target. Here we demonstrate that GDC-0941, a highly specific PI3K inhibitor with good clinical tolerability and promising anti-neoplastic activity in adult cancer, also displays anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in pediatric human medulloblastoma cell lines. Loss in cell viability is accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream target of PI3K. Furthermore, we show that GDC-0941 attenuates the migratory capacity of medulloblastoma cells and targets subpopulations expressing the stem cell marker CD133. GDC-0941 also synergizes with the standard medulloblastoma chemotherapeutic etoposide. In an orthotopic xenograft model of the most aggressive human medulloblastoma variant we document that oral adminstration of GDC-0941 impairs tumor growth and significantly prolongs survival. These findings provide a rational to further investigate GDC-0941 alone and in combination with standard chemotherapeutics for medulloblastoma treatment.
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Echeverria I, Liu Y, Gabelli SB, Amzel LM. Oncogenic mutations weaken the interactions that stabilize the p110α-p85α heterodimer in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α. FEBS J 2015; 282:3528-42. [PMID: 26122737 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) α is a heterodimeric lipid kinase that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to phosphoinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. The PI3Kα signaling pathway plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This pathway is activated in numerous cancers, where the PI3KCA gene, which encodes for the p110α PI3Kα subunit, is mutated. Its mutation often results in gain of enzymatic activity; however, the mechanism of activation by oncogenic mutations remains unknown. Here, using computational methods, we show that oncogenic mutations that are far from the catalytic site and increase the enzymatic affinity destabilize the p110α-p85α dimer. By affecting the dynamics of the protein, these mutations favor the conformations that reduce the autoinhibitory effect of the p85α nSH2 domain. For example, we determined that, in all of the mutants, the nSH2 domain shows increased positional heterogeneity as compared with the wild-type, as demonstrated by changes in the fluctuation profiles computed by normal mode analysis of coarse-grained elastic network models. Analysis of the interdomain interactions of the wild-type and mutants at the p110α-p85α interface obtained with molecular dynamics simulations suggest that all of the tumor-associated mutations effectively weaken the interactions between p110α and p85α by disrupting key stabilizing interactions. These findings have important implications for understanding how oncogenic mutations change the conformational multiplicity of PI3Kα and lead to increased enzymatic activity. This mechanism may apply to other enzymes and/or macromolecular complexes that play a key role in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacia Echeverria
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Li X, Tao J, Cigliano A, Sini M, Calderaro J, Azoulay D, Wang C, Liu Y, Jiang L, Evert K, Demartis MI, Ribback S, Utpatel K, Dombrowski F, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Co-activation of PIK3CA and Yap promotes development of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular tumors in mouse and human liver. Oncotarget 2015; 6:10102-15. [PMID: 25826091 PMCID: PMC4496343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K and Yes-associated protein (Yap) signaling pathways has been independently reported in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the oncogenic interactions between these two cascades in hepatocarcinogenesis remain undetermined. To assess the consequences of the crosstalk between the PI3K and Yap pathways along liver carcinogenesis, we generated a mouse model characterized by combined overexpression of activated mutant forms of PIK3CA (PIK3CAH1047R) and Yap (YapS127A) in the mouse liver using hydrodynamic transfection (PIK3CA/Yap). In addition, suppression of PI3K and Yap pathways was conducted in human HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. We found that concomitant activation of PI3K and Yap pathways triggered rapid liver tumor development in mice. Histologically, tumors were pure HCC, CCA, or mixed HCC/CCA. At the molecular level, PIK3CA/Yap tumors were characterized by activation of the mTORC1/2, ERK/MAPK, and Notch pathways. Simultaneous activation of PI3K and Yap pathways frequently occurred in human liver tumor specimens and their combined suppression was highly detrimental for the growth of HCC and CCA cell lines. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the oncogenic cooperation between PI3K and Yap pathways along liver carcinogenesis. The PIK3CA/Yap mouse represents an important preclinical liver tumor model for the development of novel therapeutics against this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Junyan Tao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcella Sini
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Inserm, U1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliairy Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Katja Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria I. Demartis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Ribback
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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27
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Li T, Wang G. Computer-aided targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: toxicity reduction and therapeutic opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18856-91. [PMID: 25334061 PMCID: PMC4227251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays an essential role in a wide range of biological functions, including metabolism, macromolecular synthesis, cell growth, proliferation and survival. Its versatility, however, makes it a conspicuous target of many pathogens; and the consequential deregulations of this pathway often lead to complications, such as tumorigenesis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Molecular targeted therapy, aimed at modulating the deregulated pathway, holds great promise for controlling these diseases, though side effects may be inevitable, given the ubiquity of the pathway in cell functions. Here, we review a variety of factors found to modulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, including gene mutations, certain metabolites, inflammatory factors, chemical toxicants, drugs found to rectify the pathway, as well as viruses that hijack the pathway for their own synthetic purposes. Furthermore, this evidence of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway alteration and related pathogenesis has inspired the exploration of computer-aided targeting of this pathway to optimize therapeutic strategies. Herein, we discuss several possible options, using computer-aided targeting, to reduce the toxicity of molecularly-targeted therapy, including mathematical modeling, to reveal system-level control mechanisms and to confer a low-dosage combination therapy, the potential of PP2A as a therapeutic target, the formulation of parameters to identify patients who would most benefit from specific targeted therapies and molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies to discover drugs that are isoform specific or mutation selective so as to avoid undesired broad inhibitions. We hope this review will stimulate novel ideas for pharmaceutical discovery and deepen our understanding of curability and toxicity by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, 1088 Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
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28
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The inhibitory effect of PIK-75 on inflammatory mediator response induced by hydrogen peroxide in feline esophageal epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:178049. [PMID: 25276052 PMCID: PMC4170708 DOI: 10.1155/2014/178049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoform-selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation have an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells (EEC) of passages 3~4 were treated with hydrogen peroxide and PIK-75. The cell viability was measured by a MTT incorporation assay. The distribution of PI3K isoforms, p-Akt, IL-1β, and IL-8 was inferred from Western blots. The release of IL-6 was determined by ELISA. The cell morphology was not considerably different from nontreated cells if the cells were pretreated with PIK-75 and treated with 300 μM hydrogen peroxide. The density of p110α of PI3K was increased, but that of other types was not affected after the treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The density of p-Akt, when the cells were exposed to PIK-75 and hydrogen peroxide, was diminished dose dependently more than that of hydrogen peroxide treatment only. The decrease of p-Akt showed an inhibition of PI3K by PIK-75. PIK-75 dose dependently reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, and the level of IL-6 compared with hydrogen peroxide treatment only. These results suggest evidence that p110α mediates esophageal inflammation and that PIK-75 has an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing proinflammatory cytokines on feline esophageal epithelial cultured cells.
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Definition of the binding mode of phosphoinositide 3-kinase α-selective inhibitor A-66S through molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2166. [PMID: 24633771 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is commonly observed in human cancer and is critical for tumor progression, which has made PI3Kα an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery. To systematically investigate the binding mode of A-66S, a new selective PI3Kα inhibitor for PI3Kα, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and ensuing energetic analysis were performed. The binding free energy between PI3Kα and A-66S is -11.27 kcal•mol⁻¹ using MMPBSA method, while -14.67 kcal•mol⁻¹ using MMGBSA method, which is beneficial for the binding, and the van der Waals/hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are critical for the binding. The conserved hydrophobic adenine region of PI3Kα made up of Met772, Pro778, Ile800, Tyr836, Ile848, Val850, Val851, Met922, Phe930 and Ile932 accommodates the flat 2-tert-butyl-4'-methyl-4,5'-bithiazol moiety of A-66S, and the NH of Val851 forms a hydrogen with the nitrogen atom embedded in the aminothiazole ring of A-66S. The (S)-pyrrolidine carboxamide urea moiety especially extends toward the region of the binding site wall (Ser854-Gln859) defined by the C-terminal lobe, and has three hydrogen-bond arms with the backbone of Ser854 and the side chain of Gln859. Notably the interaction between the non-conserved residue Gln859 and A-66S is responsible for the selectivity profile of A-66S. The binding mode of A-66S for PI3Kα presented in this study should aid in the design of a new highly selective PI3Kα inhibitor.
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30
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Structure, function and inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α enzyme. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 42:120-4. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20130255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) p110α isoform is activated by oncogenic mutations in many cancers. This has stimulated intense interest in identifying inhibitors of the PI3K pathway as well as p110α-selective inhibitors, and understanding the mechanisms underlying activation by the oncogenic mutations. In the present article, we review recent progress in the structure and function of the p110α enzyme and two of its most common oncogenic mutations, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors, and p110α pharmacology.
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Azab F, Vali S, Abraham J, Potter N, Muz B, de la Puente P, Fiala M, Paasch J, Sultana Z, Tyagi A, Abbasi T, Vij R, Azab AK. PI3KCA plays a major role in multiple myeloma and its inhibition with BYL719 decreases proliferation, synergizes with other therapies and overcomes stroma-induced resistance. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:89-101. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Cancer Biology Division; Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | | | - Joseph Abraham
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Cancer Biology Division; Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
- Saint Louis College of Pharmacy; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Nicholas Potter
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Cancer Biology Division; Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
- Saint Louis College of Pharmacy; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Cancer Biology Division; Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Cancer Biology Division; Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Mark Fiala
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia; Division of Medical Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jacob Paasch
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia; Division of Medical Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Zeba Sultana
- Cellworks Research India Pvt. Ltd.; Bangalore India
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- Cellworks Research India Pvt. Ltd.; Bangalore India
| | | | - Ravi Vij
- Section of Stem Cell Transplant and Leukemia; Division of Medical Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Cancer Biology Division; Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine; St. Louis MO USA
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32
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Zhu J, Pan P, Li Y, Wang M, Li D, Cao B, Mao X, Hou T. Theoretical studies on beta and delta isoform-specific binding mechanisms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 10:454-66. [PMID: 24336903 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is known to be closely related to tumorigenesis and cell proliferation, and controls a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, growth, apoptosis, migration, metabolism, etc. The PI3K family comprises eight catalytic isoforms, which are subdivided into three classes. Recently, the discovery of inhibitors that block a single isoform of PI3K has continued to attract special attention because they may have higher selectivity for certain tumors and less toxicity for healthy cells. The PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ share fewer studies than α/γ, and therefore, in this work, the combination of molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations was employed to explore the binding of three isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors (COM8, IC87114, and GDC-0941) to PI3Kβ or PI3Kδ. The isoform specificities of the studied inhibitors derived from the predicted binding free energies are in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the key residues critical for PI3Kβ or PI3Kδ selectivity were highlighted by decomposing the binding free energies into the contributions from individual residues. It was observed that although PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ share the conserved ATP-binding pockets, individual residues do behave differently, particularly the residues critical for PI3Kβ or PI3Kδ selectivity. It can be concluded that the inhibitor specificity between PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ is determined by the additive contributions from multiple residues, not just a single one. This study provides valuable information for understanding the isoform-specific binding mechanisms of PI3K inhibitors, and should be useful for the rational design of novel and selective PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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Zheng Z, Miller MS, Jennings IG, Thompson PE. Mechanisms of PI3Kβ-selective inhibition revealed by reciprocal mutagenesis. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:679-83. [PMID: 23360067 DOI: 10.1021/cb300666s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The p110β isoform of PI3 kinase (PI3Kβ) has been implicated in pathological disorders such as thrombosis and cancer and a number of PI3Kβ-selective inhibitors have recently progressed into clinical studies. Although crystallography studies identify a binding site conformation favored by the inhibitors, no specific interaction explains the observed selectivity. Using site-directed mutagenesis we have identified a specific tyrosine residue of the binding site Y778 that dictates the ability of the PI3Kβ isoform to bind these inhibitors. When mutated to isoleucine, PI3Kβ has reduced ability to present a specific cryptic binding site into which a range of reported PI3Kβ inhibitors can bind, and conversely when tyrosine is introduced into the same position in PI3Kα, the same inhibitors gain potency. The results provide a cogent explanation for the selectivity profiles displayed by these PI3K inhibitors and maybe others as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Zheng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle S. Miller
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Ian G. Jennings
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Philip E. Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal
Parade, Parkville 3052, Australia
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O'Brien NJ, Amran S, Medan J, Cleary B, Deady LW, Jennings IG, Thompson PE, Abbott BM. Potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase that have antiproliferative activity only when delivered as prodrug forms. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:914-8. [PMID: 23568455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs for PI3K: A series of substituted analogues of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 were prepared and found to potently inhibit the isolated enzyme but not MCF7 cell proliferation. Two tetrazolyl-substituted analogues were further derivatized as prodrugs resulting in restoration of cell-based activity. These data provide a conceptual model for development of tumor-targeting prodrug forms of cell-impermeable PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Liu JB, Yan H, Lu G. N-Alkylation of tosylhydrazones via a metal-free reductive coupling procedure. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Definition of the binding mode of a new class of phosphoinositide 3-kinase α-selective inhibitors using in vitro mutagenesis of non-conserved amino acids and kinetic analysis. Biochem J 2012; 444:529-35. [PMID: 22502592 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The binding mechanism of a new class of lipid-competitive, ATP non-competitive, p110α isoform-selective PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitors has been elucidated. Using the novel technique of isoform reciprocal mutagenesis of non-conserved amino acids in the p110α and p110β isoforms, we have identified three unique binding mechanisms for the p110α-selective inhibitors PIK-75, A-66S and J-32. Each of the inhibitor's p110α-isoform-selective binding was found to be due to interactions with different amino acids within p110. The PIK-75 interaction bound the non-conserved region 2 amino acid p110α Ser(773), A-66S bound the region 1 non-conserved amino acid p110α Gln(859), and J-32 binding had an indirect interaction with Lys(776) and Ile(771). The isoform reciprocal mutagenesis technique is shown to be an important analytical tool for the rational design of isoform-selective inhibitors.
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