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Wozniak W, Sechet E, Kwon YJ, Aulner N, Navarro L, Sperandio B. Identification of human host factors required for beta-defensin-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15442. [PMID: 38965312 PMCID: PMC11224401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal tract is colonized with microorganisms, which present a diverse array of immunological challenges. A number of antimicrobial mechanisms have evolved to cope with these challenges. A key defense mechanism is the expression of inducible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as beta-defensins, which rapidly inactivate microorganisms. We currently have a limited knowledge of mechanisms regulating the inducible expression of AMP genes, especially factors from the host required in these regulatory mechanisms. To identify the host factors required for expression of the beta-defensin-2 gene (HBD2) in intestinal epithelial cells upon a bacterial challenge, we performed a RNAi screen using a siRNA library spanning the whole human genome. The screening was performed in duplicate to select the strongest 79 and 110 hit genes whose silencing promoted or inhibited HBD2 expression, respectively. A set of 57 hits selected among the two groups of genes was subjected to a counter-screening and a subset was subsequently validated for its impact onto HBD2 expression. Among the 57 confirmed hits, we brought out the TLR5-MYD88 signaling pathway, but above all new signaling proteins, epigenetic regulators and transcription factors so far unrevealed in the HBD2 regulatory circuits, like the GATA6 transcription factor involved in inflammatory bowel diseases. This study represents a significant step toward unveiling the key molecular requirements to promote AMP expression in human intestinal epithelial cells, and revealing new potential targets for the development of an innovative therapeutic strategy aiming at stimulating the host AMP expression, at the era of antimicrobial resistance.
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Grants
- This study received fundings from (i) the French Government “Investissement d’Avenir” program, Labex IBEID, with the reference ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, (ii) the French Alliance pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (AVIESAN), ITMO I3M, (iii) the PSL University, through the PSL pré-maturation program, AMPlify project, with the reference C22-78/2022-425, and (iv) the European Union, through the European Innovation Council Pathfinder Open program, MaxImmun project, with the reference 101129622.
- Weronika Wozniak received a Ph.D. funding support from PSL University under the program “Investissement d’Avenir” launched by the French Government and implemented by ANR with the reference ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wozniak
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1024, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Yong-Jun Kwon
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | | | - Lionel Navarro
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1024, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Brice Sperandio
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8197, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1024, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Shen Y, Zhang R, Xu L, Wan Q, Zhu J, Gu J, Huang Z, Ma W, Shen M, Ding F, Sun H. Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Provides New Insights Into Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1298. [PMID: 31681010 PMCID: PMC6798177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Denervation induces skeletal muscle atrophy, accompanied by complex biochemical and physiological changes, with potentially devastating outcomes even an increased mortality. Currently, however, there remains a paucity of effective strategies to treat skeletal muscle atrophy. Therefore, it is required to understand the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy and formulate new treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional profile of denervated skeletal muscle after peripheral nerve injury in rats. The cDNA microarray analysis showed that a huge number of genes in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were differentially expressed at different times after sciatic nerve transection. Notably, the 24 h of denervation might be a critical time point for triggering TA muscle atrophy. According to the data from self-organizing map (SOM), Pearson correlation heatmap, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering analysis, three nodal transitions in gene expression profile of the denervated TA muscle might partition the period of 0.25 h–28 days post nerve injury into four distinct transcriptional phases. Moreover, the four transcriptional phases were designated as “oxidative stress stage”, “inflammation stage”, “atrophy stage” and “atrophic fibrosis stage”, respectively, which was concluded from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene ontology (GO) analyses at each transcriptional phase. Importantly, the differentially expressed genes at 24 h post sciatic nerve transection seemed to be mainly involved in inflammation, which might be a critical process in denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Overall, our study would contribute to the understanding of molecular aspects of denervation-induced muscle atrophy, and may also provide a new insight into the time window for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Changshu Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Qiuxian Wan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Lacasse Y, Tan AYM, Maltais F, Krishnan JA. Home Oxygen in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1254-1264. [PMID: 29547003 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201802-0382ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two landmark trials conducted more than 35 years ago provided scientific evidence that, under very specific circumstances, long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) may prolong life. These two trials enrolled 290 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe daytime hypoxemia documented by direct arterial blood gas measurement. From that time, LTOT became a standard of care, and the indications for oxygen therapy expanded to include nocturnal oxygen therapy for isolated nocturnal oxygen desaturation, ambulatory oxygen to correct exercise-induced desaturation, and short-burst oxygen to relieve dyspnea. In most cases, the rationale for broadening the indications for oxygen therapy is that, if hypoxemia exists, correcting it by increasing the FiO2 should help. However, with the exception of LTOT in severely hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, randomized controlled trials of oxygen therapy have failed to demonstrate clinically significant benefits. Also, adherence to LTOT is usually suboptimal. Important areas for future research include improving understanding of the mechanisms of action of supplemental oxygen, the clinical and biochemical predictors of responsiveness to LTOT, the methods for measuring and enhancing adherence to LTOT, and the cost-effectiveness of oxygen therapy. A standardization of terminology to describe the use of supplemental oxygen at home is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lacasse
- 1 Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Ai-Yui M Tan
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - François Maltais
- 1 Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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