1
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Takaishi M, Komino T, Kameda A, Togawa K, Yokomatsu T, Maenaka K, Tajima H. Suppression of the plasmon-quenching effect on light amplification in 20-μm-diameter plasmonic whispering gallery mode resonators fabricated from bowl-shaped organic/metal thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10796-10803. [PMID: 38516939 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Bowl-shaped plasmonic whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators were fabricated from a 10-nm-thick metal (Al, Ag, or Au) plasmonic layer that was covered with a 100-nm-thick 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl spacer layer and a 250-nm-thick 2,7-bis[9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)-fluoren-2-yl]-9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)fluorene light-emitting layer; the layer structure was grown on a 20-μm-diameter silica microsphere. When compared with a reference structure without the plasmonic layer, the resonators, which included either Al or Ag, showed almost the same threshold excitation intensities for generation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). This result indicates that the ease of light amplification in the plasmonic resonators was comparable to that in the reference structure. Excitons that exist in the vicinity of metal thin films are generally easy to quench because propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) absorb the exciton energy. Therefore, the observed comparability demonstrates that the plasmonic WGM resonators overcome this quenching effect on ASE via localization of the SPPs in the vicinity of the excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Takaishi
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Komino
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kameda
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Togawa
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
| | - Tokuji Yokomatsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Kazusuke Maenaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tajima
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
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2
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Brechbühler R, Vonk SJW, Aellen M, Lassaline N, Keitel RC, Cocina A, Rossinelli AA, Rabouw FT, Norris DJ. Compact Plasmonic Distributed-Feedback Lasers as Dark Sources of Surface Plasmon Polaritons. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9935-9944. [PMID: 34029074 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic modes in optical cavities can be amplified through stimulated emission. Using this effect, plasmonic lasers can potentially provide chip-integrated sources of coherent surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). However, while plasmonic lasers have been experimentally demonstrated, they have not generated propagating plasmons as their primary output signal. Instead, plasmonic lasers typically involve significant emission of free-space photons that are intentionally outcoupled from the cavity by Bragg diffraction or that leak from reflector edges due to uncontrolled scattering. Here, we report a simple cavity design that allows for straightforward extraction of the lasing mode as SPPs while minimizing photon leakage. We achieve plasmonic lasing in 10-μm-long distributed-feedback cavities consisting of a Ag surface periodically patterned with ridges coated by a thin layer of colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets as the gain material. The diffraction to free-space photons from cavities designed with second-order feedback allows a direct experimental examination of the lasing-mode profile in real- and momentum-space, in good agreement with coupled-wave theory. In contrast, we demonstrate that first-order-feedback cavities remain "dark" above the lasing threshold and the output signal leaves the cavity as propagating SPPs, highlighting the potential of such lasers as on-chip sources of plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Brechbühler
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sander J W Vonk
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Aellen
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nolan Lassaline
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert C Keitel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ario Cocina
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Freddy T Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Li Y, Yuan Y, Peng X, Zhou F, Song J, Qu J. Low Threshold and Long‐Range Propagation Plasmonic Nanolaser Enhanced by Black Phosphorus Nanosheets. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Li
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Moscow Engineering Physics Institute National Research Nuclear University Moscow 115409 Russian Federation
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4
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Xiang Y, Chen J, Tang X, Wang R, Zhan Q, Lakowicz JR, Zhang D. Far-field optical imaging of surface plasmons with a subdiffraction limited separation. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:1099-1106. [PMID: 35330809 PMCID: PMC8942129 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When an ultrathin silver nanowire with a diameter less than 100 nm is placed on a photonic band gap structure, surface plasmons can be excited and propagate along two side-walls of the silver nanowire. Although the diameter of the silver nanowire is far below the diffraction limit, two bright lines can be clearly observed at the image plane by a standard wide-field optical microscope. Simulations suggest that the two bright lines in the far-field are caused by the unique phase distribution of plasmons on the two side-walls of the silver nanowire. Combining with the sensing ability of surface plasmons to its environment, the configuration reported in this work is capable of functioning as a sensing platform to monitor environmental changes in the near-field region of this ultrathin nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Junxue Chen
- College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Institute of Photonics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ruxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qiwen Zhan
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2951, USA
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Corresponding author: Douguo Zhang, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Institute of Photonics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China,
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5
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Liang Y, Li C, Huang YZ, Zhang Q. Plasmonic Nanolasers in On-Chip Light Sources: Prospects and Challenges. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14375-14390. [PMID: 33119269 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The plasmonic nanolaser is a class of lasers with the physical dimensions free from the optical diffraction limit. In the past decade, progress in performance, applications, and mechanisms of plasmonic nanolasers has increased dramatically. We review this advance and offer our prospectives on the remaining challenges ahead, concentrating on the integration with nanochips. In particular, we focus on the qualifications for electrical pumping, energy consumption, and ultrafast modulation. At last, we evaluate the strategies for on-chip source construction design and further threshold reduction to achieve a long-term room-temperature electrically pumped plasmonic nanolaser, the ultimate goal toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Wang J, Jia X, Wang Z, Liu W, Zhu X, Huang Z, Yu H, Yang Q, Sun Y, Wang Z, Qu S, Lin J, Jin P, Wang Z. Ultrafast plasmonic lasing from a metal/semiconductor interface. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16403-16408. [PMID: 32525164 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, plasmonic nanowire lasers mostly adopt hybrid plasmonic waveguides, while there is a lack of study in terms of the confinement effect and the corresponding ultrafast dynamics of non-hybridized plasmonic lasers. Here, we report ultrafast plasmonic nanowire lasers composed of a single CH3NH3PbBr3 nanowire on a silver film without any insulating layer at room temperature. The non-hybridized plasmonic nanowire lasers exhibit ultrafast lasing dynamics with around 1.9 ps decay rate and 1 ps peak response time. Such values are among the best ones ever reported. Interestingly, the threshold of the non-hybridized plasmonic nanowire lasers is in the same order as that of their hybrid counterparts. The low threshold is due to the ultra-flat single-crystal silver films and high-quality single-crystal perovskite nanowires. The non-hybridized plasmonic lasing in CH3NH3PbBr3 nanowires originates from the stimulated emission of an electron-hole plasma based on our experiments. This work deepens the understanding of non-hybridized plasmonic lasers and paves the way to design electric pump plasmonic lasers by getting rid of insulating layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China. and Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaohao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaotong Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Weilong Liu
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhitao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haichao Yu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Qingxin Yang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengchun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China. and Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China. and Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science and Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China. and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Azzam SI, Kildishev AV, Ma RM, Ning CZ, Oulton R, Shalaev VM, Stockman MI, Xu JL, Zhang X. Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:90. [PMID: 32509297 PMCID: PMC7248101 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa I. Azzam
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alexander V. Kildishev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Rupert Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Vladimir M. Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Mark I. Stockman
- Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Ma RM, Oulton RF. Applications of nanolasers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:12-22. [PMID: 30559486 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers generate coherent light at the nanoscale. In the past decade, they have attracted intense interest, because they are more compact, faster and more power-efficient than conventional lasers. Thanks to these capabilities, nanolasers are now an emergent tool for a variety of practical applications. In this Review, we explain the intrinsic merits of nanolasers and assess recent progress on their applications, particularly for optical interconnects, near-field spectroscopy and sensing, optical probing for biological systems and far-field beam synthesis through near-field eigenmode engineering. We highlight the scientific and engineering challenges that remain for forging nanolasers into powerful tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wang S, Chen HZ, Ma RM. High Performance Plasmonic Nanolasers with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 10. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7942-7948. [PMID: 30422664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers break the diffraction limit for an optical oscillator, which brings new capabilities for various applications ranging from on-chip optical interconnector to biomedical sensing and imaging. However, the inevitably accompanied metallic absorption loss could convert the input power to heat rather than radiations, leading to undesired low external quantum efficiency and device degradation. To date, direct characterization of quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers is still a forbidden task due to its near-field surface plasmon emissions, divergent emission profile, and the limited emission power. Here, we develop a method to characterize the external quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers by synergizing experimental measurement and theoretical calculation. With systematical device optimization, we demonstrate high performance plasmonic nanolasers with external quantum efficiency exceeding 10% at room temperature. This work fills in a missing yet essential piece of key metrics of plasmonic nanolasers. The demonstrated high external quantum efficiency of plasmonic nanolasers not only clarifies the long-standing debate, but also endorses the exploration of them in various practical applications such as near-field spectroscopy and sensing, integrated optical interconnects, solid-state lighting, and free-space optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871 , China
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10
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Shen KC, Ku CT, Hsieh C, Kuo HC, Cheng YJ, Tsai DP. Deep-Ultraviolet Hyperbolic Metacavity Laser. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706918. [PMID: 29633385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the high demand for miniaturized optoelectronic circuits, plasmonic devices with the capability of generating coherent radiation at deep subwavelength scales have attracted great interest for diverse applications such as nanoantennas, single photon sources, and nanosensors. However, the design of such lasing devices remains a challenging issue because of the long structure requirements for producing strong radiation feedback. Here, a plasmonic laser made by using a nanoscale hyperbolic metamaterial cube, called hyperbolic metacavity, on a multiple quantum-well (MQW), deep-ultraviolet emitter is presented. The specifically designed metacavity merges plasmon resonant modes within the cube and provides a unique resonant radiation feedback to the MQW. This unique plasmon field allows the dipoles of the MQW with various orientations into radiative emission, achieving enhancement of spontaneous emission rate by a factor of 33 and of quantum efficiency by a factor of 2.5, which is beneficial for coherent laser action. The hyperbolic metacavity laser shows a clear clamping of spontaneous emission above the threshold, which demonstrates a near complete radiation coupling of the MQW with the metacavity. This approach shown here can greatly simplify the requirements of plasmonic nanolaser with a long plasmonic structure, and the metacavity effect can be extended to many other material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ching Shen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ta Ku
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chiieh Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chung Kuo
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jen Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
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11
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Wang S, Wang XY, Li B, Chen HZ, Wang YL, Dai L, Oulton RF, Ma RM. Unusual scaling laws for plasmonic nanolasers beyond the diffraction limit. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1889. [PMID: 29192161 PMCID: PMC5709497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanolasers are a new class of amplifiers that generate coherent light well below the diffraction barrier bringing fundamentally new capabilities to biochemical sensing, super-resolution imaging, and on-chip optical communication. However, a debate about whether metals can enhance the performance of lasers has persisted due to the unavoidable fact that metallic absorption intrinsically scales with field confinement. Here, we report plasmonic nanolasers with extremely low thresholds on the order of 10 kW cm-2 at room temperature, which are comparable to those found in modern laser diodes. More importantly, we find unusual scaling laws allowing plasmonic lasers to be more compact and faster with lower threshold and power consumption than photonic lasers when the cavity size approaches or surpasses the diffraction limit. This clarifies the long-standing debate over the viability of metal confinement and feedback strategies in laser technology and identifies situations where plasmonic lasers can have clear practical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suo Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hua-Zhou Chen
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi-Lun Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lun Dai
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rupert F Oulton
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
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12
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Wang D, Wang W, Knudson MP, Schatz GC, Odom TW. Structural Engineering in Plasmon Nanolasers. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2865-2881. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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