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Clennett EJ, Holt AF, Tetley MG, Becker TW, Faccenna C. Assessing plate reconstruction models using plate driving force consistency tests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10191. [PMID: 37353512 PMCID: PMC10290141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plate reconstruction models are constructed to fit constraints such as magnetic anomalies, fracture zones, paleomagnetic poles, geological observations and seismic tomography. However, these models do not consider the physical equations of plate driving forces when reconstructing plate motion. This can potentially result in geodynamically-implausible plate motions, which has implications for a range of work based on plate reconstruction models. We present a new algorithm that calculates time-dependent slab pull, ridge push (GPE force) and mantle drag resistance for any topologically closed reconstruction, and evaluates the residuals-or missing components-required for torques to balance given our assumed plate driving force relationships. In all analyzed models, residual torques for the present-day are three orders of magnitude smaller than the typical driving torques for oceanic plates, but can be of the same order of magnitude back in time-particularly from 90 to 50 Ma. Using the Pacific plate as an example, we show how our algorithm can be used to identify areas and times with high residual torques, where either plate reconstructions have a high degree of geodynamic implausibility or our understanding of the underlying geodynamic forces is incomplete. We suggest strategies for plate model improvements and also identify times when other forces such as active mantle flow were likely important contributors. Our algorithm is intended as a tool to help assess and improve plate reconstruction models based on a transparent and expandable set of a priori dynamic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Clennett
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
| | - Adam F Holt
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Michael G Tetley
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Thorsten W Becker
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Claudio Faccenna
- Dipartimento Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- GFZ Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
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Wei SS, Shearer PM, Lithgow-Bertelloni C, Stixrude L, Tian D. Oceanic plateau of the Hawaiian mantle plume head subducted to the uppermost lower mantle. Science 2021; 370:983-987. [PMID: 33214281 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain that includes the Hawaiian volcanoes was created by the Hawaiian mantle plume. Although the mantle plume hypothesis predicts an oceanic plateau produced by massive decompression melting during the initiation stage of the Hawaiian hot spot, the fate of this plateau is unclear. We discovered a megameter-scale portion of thickened oceanic crust in the uppermost lower mantle west of the Sea of Okhotsk by stacking seismic waveforms of SS precursors. We propose that this thick crust represents a major part of the oceanic plateau that was created by the Hawaiian plume head ~100 million years ago and subducted 20 million to 30 million years ago. Our discovery provides temporal and spatial clues of the early history of the Hawaiian plume for future plate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqiao Shawn Wei
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Peter M Shearer
- Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Lars Stixrude
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Crameri F, Magni V, Domeier M, Shephard GE, Chotalia K, Cooper G, Eakin CM, Grima AG, Gürer D, Király Á, Mulyukova E, Peters K, Robert B, Thielmann M. A transdisciplinary and community-driven database to unravel subduction zone initiation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3750. [PMID: 32719322 PMCID: PMC7385650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subduction zones are pivotal for the recycling of Earth’s outer layer into its interior. However, the conditions under which new subduction zones initiate are enigmatic. Here, we constructed a transdisciplinary database featuring detailed analysis of more than a dozen documented subduction zone initiation events from the last hundred million years. Our initial findings reveal that horizontally forced subduction zone initiation is dominant over the last 100 Ma, and that most initiation events are proximal to pre-existing subduction zones. The SZI Database is expandable to facilitate access to the most current understanding of subduction zone initiation as research progresses, providing a community platform that establishes a common language to sharpen discussion across the Earth Science community. Despite numerous advances in our understanding of subduction since the theory of plate tectonics was established, the mechanisms of subduction zone initiation remain highly controversial. Here, the authors present a transdisciplinary and expandable community database of subduction zone initiation events in the last 100 Ma, which establishes a clear direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Crameri
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Valentina Magni
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathew Domeier
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grace E Shephard
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kiran Chotalia
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Cooper
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Caroline M Eakin
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Derya Gürer
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ágnes Király
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elvira Mulyukova
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kalijn Peters
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Robert
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcel Thielmann
- Bavarian Geoinstitute, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Viana STFL, Carvalho MRD. Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited. ZOOSYST EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.96.51962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of deep-water dogfish shark, Squalus shiraiisp. nov., is described herein as endemic to the tropical waters off Southern Japan. This species has been largely misidentified with S. mitsukurii. However, morphological, meristic and morphometric evidence support it to be a separate and undescribed species. Squalus shiraiisp. nov. differs from this species by having body brown in colour dorsally, caudal fin with ventral and dorsal tips markedly tapered and broadly white, dermal denticles uniscuspidate and lanceolate and larger number of precaudal (91–94) and total vertebrae (120–123) (vs. body dark grey to black; caudal fin with ventral and dorsal tips rounded and not white in colour; denticles tricuspidate and rhomboid; 86–90 precaudal and 116–117 total vertebrae). Squalus shiraiisp. nov. is also clearly separated from other Japanese congeners which are herein revisited to include six species, based on the examination of over 150 specimens caught from Japanese waters that were available in ichthyological collections: S. mitsukurii, S. japonicus, S. acutirostris, S. brevirostris and S. suckleyi. Squalus mitsukurii, S. japonicus and S. brevirostris are re-described in detail and the neotype of S. japonicus is herein designated. Squalus acutirostris is treated as a valid species with occurrences in Japan, China and Taiwan and, thus, a provisional diagnosis is given, as well as an updated diagnosis of S. suckleyi. A key to Squalus species from the North-western Pacific Ocean is given and main morphological differences between S. shiraiisp. nov. and the closest related species are discussed.
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Episodic zircon age spectra mimic fluctuations in subduction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17471. [PMID: 30504775 PMCID: PMC6269492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of geochronological work have shown the temporal distribution of zircon ages to be episodic on billion-year timescales and seemingly coincident with the lifecycle of supercontinents, but the physical processes behind this episodicity remain contentious. The dominant, end-member models of fluctuating magmatic productivity versus selective preservation of zircon during times of continental assembly have important and very different implications for long-term, global-scale phenomena, including the history of crustal growth, the initiation and evolution of plate tectonics, and the tempo of mantle outgassing over billions of years. Consideration of this episodicity has largely focused on the Precambrian, but here we analyze a large collection of Phanerozoic zircon ages in the context of global, full-plate tectonic models that extend back to the mid-Paleozoic. We scrutinize two long-lived and relatively simple active margins, and show that along both, a relationship between the regional subduction flux and zircon age distribution is evident. In both cases, zircon age peaks correspond to intervals of high subduction flux with a ~10–30 Ma time lag (zircons trailing subduction), illuminating a possibly intrinsic delay in the subduction-related magmatic system. We also show that subduction fluxes provide a stronger correlation to zircon age distributions than subduction lengths do, implying that convergence rates play a significant role in regulating the volume of melting in subduction-related magmatic systems, and thus crustal growth.
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Hosseini K, Matthews KJ, Sigloch K, Shephard GE, Domeier M, Tsekhmistrenko M. SubMachine: Web-Based Tools for Exploring Seismic Tomography and Other Models of Earth's Deep Interior. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2018; 19:1464-1483. [PMID: 30174559 PMCID: PMC6109961 DOI: 10.1029/2018gc007431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present SubMachine, a collection of web-based tools for the interactive visualization, analysis, and quantitative comparison of global-scale data sets of the Earth's interior. SubMachine focuses on making regional and global-scale seismic tomography models easily accessible to the wider solid Earth community, in order to facilitate collaborative exploration. We have written software tools to visualize and explore over 30 tomography models-individually, side-by-side, or through statistical and averaging tools. SubMachine also serves various nontomographic data sets that are pertinent to the interpretation of mantle structure and complement the tomographies. These include plate reconstruction models, normal mode observations, global crustal structure, shear wave splitting, as well as geoid, marine gravity, vertical gravity gradients, and global topography in adjustable degrees of spherical harmonic resolution. By providing repository infrastructure, SubMachine encourages and supports community contributions via submission of data sets or feedback on the implemented toolkits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Hosseini
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kara J. Matthews
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Karin Sigloch
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Grace E. Shephard
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Mathew Domeier
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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