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Xu D, Zhou N, Wang A, Xu Y, Liu X, Tang S, Luo J. Mechano-Electrochemically Promoting Lithium Atom Diffusion and Relieving Accumulative Stress for Deep-Cycling Lithium Metal Anodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302872. [PMID: 37204426 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) can double the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, the notorious lithium dendrite growth and large volume change are not well addressed, especially under deep cycling. Here, an in-situ mechanical-electrochemical coupling system is built, and it is found that tensile stress can induce smooth lithium deposition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and finite element method (FEM) simulation confirm that the lithium atom diffusion energy barrier can be reduced when the lithium foils are under tensile strain. Then tensile stress is incorporated into lithium metal anodes by designing an adhesive copolymer layer attached to lithium in which the copolymer thinning can yield tensile stress to the lithium foil. Elastic lithium metal anode (ELMA) is further prepared via introducing a 3D elastic conductive polyurethane (CPU) host for the copolymer-lithium bilayer to release accumulated internal stresses and resist volume variation. The ELMA can withstand hundreds of compression-release cycles under 10% strain. LMBs paired with ELMA and LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) cathode can operate beyond 250 cycles with 80% capacity retention under practical condition of 4 mAh cm-2 cathode capacity, 2.86 g Ah-1 electrolyte-to-capacity ratio (E/C) and 1.8 negative-to-cathode capacity ratio (N/P), five times of the lifetime using lithium foils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Guizhou Colleges and Universities Process Industry New Process Engineering Research Center, School of Materials and Energy Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Aoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiayan Luo
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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2
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Du W, Zhang Z, Iacoviello F, Zhou S, Owen RE, Jervis R, Brett DJL, Shearing PR. Observation of Zn Dendrite Growth via Operando Digital Microscopy and Time-Lapse Tomography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 36892017 PMCID: PMC10037236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-ion battery is one of the promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices beyond lithium technology due to the earth's abundance of Zn materials and their high volumetric energy density (5855 mA h cm-3). To date, the formation of Zn dendrites during charge-discharge cycling still hinders the practical application of zinc-ion batteries. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the formation mechanism of the zinc dendritic structure before effectively suppressing its growth. Here, the application of operando digital optical microscopy and in situ lab-based X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) is demonstrated to probe and quantify the morphologies of zinc electrodeposition/dissolution under multiple galvanostatic plating/stripping conditions in symmetric Zn||Zn cells. With the combined microscopy approaches, we directly observed the dynamic nucleation and subsequent growth of Zn deposits, the heterogeneous transportation of charged clusters/particles, and the evolution of 'dead' Zn particles via partial dissolution. Zn electrodeposition at the early stage is mainly attributed to activation, while the subsequent dendrite growth is driven by diffusion. The high current not only facilitates the formation of sharp dendrites with a larger mean curvature at their tips but also leads to dendritic tip splitting and the creation of a hyper-branching morphology. This approach offers a direct opportunity to characterize dendrite formation in batteries with a metal anode in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Du
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Francesco Iacoviello
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Shangwei Zhou
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Rhodri E. Owen
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Rhodri Jervis
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Dan J. L. Brett
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
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3
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Dienemann LL, Geller LC, Huang Y, Zenyuk IV, Panzer MJ. Understanding Lithium Dendrite Suppression by Hybrid Composite Separators: Indentation Measurements Informed by Operando X-ray Computed Tomography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8492-8501. [PMID: 36719130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the significance of the mechanics of hybrid particle-polymer separators in the stabilization of lithium metal interfaces by probing these properties in realistic conditions informed by X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Elastic properties and viscoelastic behavior of inorganic microparticle-filled poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) films are characterized using a nanoindentation experiment whose displacement simulates the interfacial response seen in operando micro-CT. It is determined that the dominating mechanical behavior in this hybrid separator relevant to lithium metal cell conditions is comprised of viscoelasticity. Consistent with this finding, along with correlations across other physicochemical properties, a mechanism describing the improvement of lithium metal cycling performance according to inorganic filler type and content is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara L Dienemann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts02155, United States
| | - Lillian C Geller
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts02155, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine; National Fuel Cell Research CenterIrvine, California92697, United States
| | - Iryna V Zenyuk
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine; National Fuel Cell Research CenterIrvine, California92697, United States
| | - Matthew J Panzer
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts02155, United States
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4
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhu X, Wan Y, Zhong C. Interface Engineering of Zinc Electrode for Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc-Based Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201277. [PMID: 36605007 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries have gained considerable interest because of their advantages of high theoretical capacity, being eco-friendly, and cost effectiveness. In particular, zinc-based batteries with alkaline electrolyte show great promise due to their high working voltage. However, there remain great challenges for the commercialization of the rechargeable alkaline zinc-based batteries, which are mainly impeded by the limited reversibility of the zinc electrode. The critical problems refer to the dendrites growth, electrode passivation, shape change, and side reactions, affecting discharge capacity, columbic efficiency, and cycling stability of the battery. All the issues are highly associated with the interfacial properties, including both electrons and ions transport behavior at the electrode interface. Herein, this work concentrates on the fundamental electrochemistry of the challenges in the zinc electrode and the design strategies for developing high-performance zinc electrodes with regard to optimizing the interfaces between host and active materials as well as electrode and electrolyte. In addition, potential directions for the investigation of electrodes and electrolytes for high-performance zinc-based batteries are presented, aiming at promoting the development of rechargeable alkaline zinc-based batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yizao Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Zhou S, Zhang R, Bischofberger I. Dendritic patterns from shear-enhanced anisotropy in nematic liquid crystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq6820. [PMID: 36638169 PMCID: PMC9839321 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the growth morphology of fluid instabilities is challenging because of their self-amplified and nonlinear growth. The viscous fingering instability, which arises when a less viscous fluid displaces a more viscous one, transitions from exhibiting dense-branching growth characterized by repeated tip splitting of the growing fingers to dendritic growth characterized by stable tips in the presence of anisotropy. We controllably induce such a morphology transition by shear-enhancing the anisotropy of nematic liquid crystal solutions. For fast enough flow induced by the finger growth, the intrinsic tumbling behavior of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals can be suppressed, which results in a flow alignment of the material. This microscopic change in the director field occurs as the viscous torque from the shear flow becomes dominant over the elastic torque from the nematic potential and macroscopically enhances the liquid crystal anisotropy to induce the transition to dendritic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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Sharma A, Mukherjee A, Warren A, Jin S, Li G, Koch DL, Archer LA. Electroconvective Flow in Liquid Electrolytes Containing Oligomer Additives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:92-100. [PMID: 36549330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal electrodeposition in batteries is fundamentally unstable and affected by different instabilities depending on operating conditions and electrolyte chemistry. Particularly, at high charging rates, a hydrodynamic instability loosely termed electroconvection sets in, which complicates all electrochemical processes by creating a nonuniform ion flux and preferential deposition at the electrode. Here, we isolate and study electroconvection by experimentally investigating how oligomer additives in liquid electrolytes interact with the hydrodynamic instability at a cation selective interface. From electrochemical measurements and direct visualization experiments, we find that electroconvection is delayed and suppressed at all voltages in the presence of oligomers. The underlying mechanism is revealed to involve formation of an oligomer ad-layer at the interface, which in response to perturbation is believed to exert an opposing body force on the surrounding fluid to preserve the ad-layer structure and in so doing suppresses electroconvection. Our results therefore reveal that in battery electrolytes without obvious sources of bulk elasticity, surface forces produced by adsorbed polymers can be used to advantage for suppressing instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Sharma
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Ankush Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Alexander Warren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Shuo Jin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Gaojin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Donald L Koch
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
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7
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Focus on the Electroplating Chemistry of Li Ions in Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes: Toward Stable Lithium Metal Batteries. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Shen HR, Han XY, Zheng XM, Muniyandi B, Wang JK, Kang QL, Chen MG, Wu Q, Zhang PY. One-step Electrochemical Synthesis and Optimization of Sb-Co-P Alloy Anode for Sodium Ion Battery. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Ma T, Ren X, Hu L, Teng W, Wang X, Wu G, Liu J, Nan D, Yu X. Functional Polymer Materials for Advanced Lithium Metal Batteries: A Review and Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173452. [PMID: 36080527 PMCID: PMC9460689 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next-generation battery technologies with high energy densities. However, lithium dendrite growth during charge/discharge results in severe safety issues and poor cycling performance, which hinders their wide applications. The rational design and application of functional polymer materials in LMBs are of crucial importance to boost their electrochemical performances, especially the cycling stability. In this review, recent advances of advanced polymer materials are examined for boosting the stability and cycle life of LMBs as different components including artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and functional interlayers between the separator and lithium metal anode. Thereafter, the research progress in the design of advanced polymer electrolytes will be analyzed for LMBs. At last, the major challenges and key perspectives will be discussed for the future development of functional polymers in LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Graphite and Graphene for Energy Storage and Coating, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wanming Teng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Graphite and Graphene for Energy Storage and Coating, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Graphite and Graphene for Energy Storage and Coating, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Rising Graphite Applied Technology Research Institute, Chinese Graphite Industrial Park-Xinghe, Ulanqab 013650, China
| | - Guanglei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Graphite and Graphene for Energy Storage and Coating, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Ding Nan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Graphite and Graphene for Energy Storage and Coating, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (D.N.); (X.Y.)
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10
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Yao N, Chen X, Fu ZH, Zhang Q. Applying Classical, Ab Initio, and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics Simulations to the Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10970-11021. [PMID: 35576674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries have become indispensable implements in our daily life and are considered a promising technology to construct sustainable energy systems in the future. The liquid electrolyte is one of the most important parts of a battery and is extremely critical in stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and constructing safe and long-life-span batteries. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing new electrolyte solvents, salts, additives, and recipes, where molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an increasingly important role in exploring electrolyte structures, physicochemical properties such as ionic conductivity, and interfacial reaction mechanisms. This review affords an overview of applying MD simulations in the study of liquid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. First, the fundamentals and recent theoretical progress in three-class MD simulations are summarized, including classical, ab initio, and machine-learning MD simulations (section 2). Next, the application of MD simulations to the exploration of liquid electrolytes, including probing bulk and interfacial structures (section 3), deriving macroscopic properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of electrolytes (section 4), and revealing the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reaction mechanisms (section 5), are sequentially presented. Finally, a general conclusion and an insightful perspective on current challenges and future directions in applying MD simulations to liquid electrolytes are provided. Machine-learning technologies are highlighted to figure out these challenging issues facing MD simulations and electrolyte research and promote the rational design of advanced electrolytes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Huo P, Xu B, Gu Z, Su M, Rubinstein SM, Deng D. Observation of Remote Electroconvection and Inert-Cation Concentration Valley within Supporting Electrolytes in a Microfluidic-Based Electrochemical Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2108037. [PMID: 35257493 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical system is playing an increasingly important role in the advanced technology development for drinkable water and energy storage. While the binary electrolyte has been widely studied, such as the associated intriguing interfacial instabilities, multi-component electrolyte is by far less known. Here, based on the classic Cu|CuSO4 |Cu electrochemical system, the effect of supporting electrolyte is systematically investigated by highlighting the inert cations. In an annulus microfluidic device, the suppression of a previously known electro-osmotic instability and the emergence of an array of the remote electroconvection along the azimuthal direction is found. A distinctive inert-cation concentration valley propagates radially outward at a speed limited by the electromigration velocity. Remarkably, the simultaneous visualization of spatiotemporal evolution demonstrates the correlation of the concentration valley and electroconvection at a microscopic level. The underlying physical mechanism of their correlation is discussed, and the scaling analysis agrees with experiments. This work might inspire more future work on the multi-component electrolyte, such as for the suppression of interfacial hydrodynamic instability and mitigation of dendrite growth, with the technological implications for water treatment and energy storage in batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huo
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bingrui Xu
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Basic Courses, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, 430033, China
| | - Zhibo Gu
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingzhuo Su
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shmuel M Rubinstein
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Daosheng Deng
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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12
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Production of fast-charge Zn-based aqueous batteries via interfacial adsorption of ion-oligomer complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2283. [PMID: 35477721 PMCID: PMC9046403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous zinc batteries are attracting interest because of their potential for cost-effective and safe electricity storage. However, metallic zinc exhibits only moderate reversibility in aqueous electrolytes. To circumvent this issue, we study aqueous Zn batteries able to form nanometric interphases at the Zn metal/liquid electrolyte interface, composed of an ion-oligomer complex. In Zn||Zn symmetric cell studies, we report highly reversible cycling at high current densities and capacities (e.g., 160 mA cm−2; 2.6 mAh cm−2). By means of quartz-crystal microbalance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and voltammetry measurements we show that the interphase film exists in a dynamic equilibrium with oligomers dissolved in the electrolyte. The interphase strategy is applied to aqueous Zn||I2 and Zn||MnO2 cells that are charged/discharged for 12,000 cycles and 1000 cycles, respectively, at a current density of 160 mA cm−2 and capacity of approximately 0.85 mAh cm−2. Finally, we demonstrate that Zn||I2-carbon pouch cells (9 cm2 area) cycle stably and deliver a specific energy of 151 Wh/kg (based on the total mass of active materials in the electrode) at a charge current density of 56 mA cm−2. Aqueous zinc batteries attract interest because of their potential for cost-effective and safe electricity storage. Here, the authors develop an in situ formed ion-oligomer nanometric interphase strategy to enable fast-charge aqueous Zn cells.
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13
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Gregorio V, García N, Tiemblo P. Ionic Conductivity Enhancement in UHMW PEO Gel Electrolytes Based on Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:2860-2870. [PMID: 35434637 PMCID: PMC9004316 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical gels made of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and deep eutectic solvents urea-Li bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and ethylene glycol/LiTFSI, or pyrrolidinium ionic liquid solutions PYR13TFSI-LiTFSI and PYR14TFSI-LiTFSI, are prepared by a fast, single-step process, which involves no auxiliary solvents or intermediates and is reproducible and scalable. The properties of these gels are studied as a function of the PEO content and its molecular weight and the nature of the liquid electrolyte. The gels prepared with a low concentration (1-5 wt %) of ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) PEO are tough, stretchable materials which resemble soft elastomers and are also self-healing and transparent. Their rheology shows the conventional behavior of physical polymer gels, so that the higher the molecular weight of PEO, the lower the polymer concentration needed to produce the gel. However, the ion conductivities and diffusivities of the gels are striking, in many cases being equal to or significantly higher than those of pure liquid electrolytes. This ion conductivity enhancement is the highest for the lowest PEO concentration with the highest molecular weight. This unprecedented molecular weight dependence of conductivity and diffusivity is the result of two combined effects: the liquid electrolyte chemical structure modification as a consequence of the addition of PEO and the development of elastic networks, where ion mobility and rheology are uncoupled when the PEO added is of UHMW.
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14
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Yu P, Sun Q, Liu Y, Ma B, Yang H, Xie M, Cheng T. Multiscale Simulation of Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation in Fluorinated Diluted Electrolytes with Lithium Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7972-7979. [PMID: 35129322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hold great promise in facilitating high-energy batteries due to their merits such as high specific capacity, low reduction potential, and so forth. However, the realizations of practical LMBs are hindered by severe problems such as undesirable dendrite growth, poor Coulombic efficiency, and so forth. A recently proposed fluorinated electrolyte based on 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) dissolved in designed fluorinated 1,4-dimethoxybutane (FDMB) solvent has attracted significant attention because of its excellent electrochemical performance that origins from its superior physical and chemical properties, especially its unique ability in forming a robust, stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the detailed structure and reaction mechanism of the SEI formation in such a novel electrolyte remains unclear. In this work, we carry out a hybrid ab initio and reactive molecular dynamics (HAIR) simulation to investigate the elementary reactions that regulate the formation of the primitive SEI, paying special attention to the process that involves FDMB, the fluorinated solvent. HAIR simulation reveals that both FSI- anion and FDMB provide F that is adequate to form a uniformed LiF layer that resembles the inorganic inner layer (IIL) of the SEI. N and S radicals from the FSI- anion, which do not deposit on the electrode interface to form lithium-containing inorganic substances, promote the polymerization reaction of unsaturated carbon chains produced by FDMB defluorination, forming the organic outer layer (OOL) of the SEI. The combination of the LiF-rich IIL and polymer-rich organic OOL explains the superior performance of the FDMB-based electrolyte in the device. The detailed reaction mechanism and SEI observed in this work provide insights into the atomic scale for the rational design of F-rich electrolytes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiping Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qintao Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingyun Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Carbon nanomaterials for highly stable Zn anode: Recent progress and future outlook. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Zheng J, Garcia-Mendez R, Archer LA. Engineering Multiscale Coupled Electron/Ion Transport in Battery Electrodes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19014-19025. [PMID: 34898165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coupled electron/ion transport is a defining characteristic of electrochemical processes, for example, battery charge/discharge. Analytical models that represent the complex transport and electrochemical processes in an electrode in terms of equivalent electrical circuits provide a simple, but successful framework for understanding the kinetics of these coupled transport phenomena. The premise of this review is that the nature of the time-dependent phase transitions in dynamic electrochemical environments serves as an important design parameter, orthogonal to the intrinsic mixed conducting properties of the active materials in battery electrodes. A growing body of literature suggests that such phase transitions can produce divergent extrinsic resistances in a circuit model (e.g., Re, describing electron transport from an active electrode material to the current collector of an electrode, and/or Rion, describing ion transport from a bulk electrolyte to the active material surface). It is found that extrinsic resistances of this type play a determinant role in both the electrochemical performance and long-term stability of most battery electrodes. Additionally, successful suppression of the tendency of extrinsic resistances to accumulate over time is a requirement for practical rechargeable batteries and an important target for rational design. We highlight the need for battery electrode and cell designs, which explicitly address the specific nature of the structural phase transition in active materials, and for advanced fabrication techniques that enable precise manipulations of matter at multiple length scales: (i) meso-to-macroscopic conductive frameworks that provide contiguous electronic/ion pathways; (ii) nanoscale uniform interphases formed on active materials; and (iii) molecular-level structures that promote fast electron and/or ion conduction and mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Regina Garcia-Mendez
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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17
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Addressing Manufacturability and Processability in Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Li/Na Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132093. [PMID: 34202900 PMCID: PMC8271759 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gel electrolytes are prepared with Ultra High Molecular Weight (UHMW) polyethylene oxide (PEO) in a concentration ranging from 5 to 30 wt.% and Li- and Na-doped 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PYR14-TFSI) by a simple procedure consisting of dissolving PEO by melting it directly in the liquid electrolyte while stirring the blend. This procedure is fast, reproducible and needs no auxiliary solvents, which makes it sustainable and potentially easy to scale up for mass production. The viability of the up-scaling by extrusion has been studied. Extrusion has been chosen because it is a processing method commonly employed in the plastics industry. The structure and morphology of the gel electrolytes prepared by both methods have been studied by DSC and FTIR, showing small differences among the two methods. Composite gels incorporation high concentrations of surface modified sepiolite fibers have been successfully prepared by extrusion. The rheological behavior and ionic conductivity of the gels have been characterized, and very similar performance of the extruded and manually mixed gels is detected. Ionic conductivity of all the gels, including the composites, are at or over 0.4 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, being at the same time thermoreversible and self-healing gels, tough, sticky, transparent and stretchable. This combination of properties, together with the viability of their industrial up-scaling, makes these gel electrolyte families very attractive for their application in energy storage devices.
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18
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Zhou H, Liu H, Xing X, Wang Z, Yu S, Veith GM, Liu P. Quantification of the ion transport mechanism in protective polymer coatings on lithium metal anodes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7023-7032. [PMID: 34123330 PMCID: PMC8153219 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective Polymer Coatings (PPCs) have been proposed to protect lithium metal anodes in rechargeable batteries to stabilize the Li/electrolyte interface and to extend the cycle life by reducing parasitic reactions and improving the lithium deposition morphology. However, the ion transport mechanism in PPCs remains unclear. Specifically, the degree of polymer swelling in the electrolyte and the influence of polymer/solvent/ion interactions are never quantified. Here we use poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (PAN-PBD) with controlled cross-link densities to quantify how the swelling ratio of the PPC affects conductivity, Li+ ion selectivity, activation energy, and rheological properties. The large difference in polarities between PAN (polar) and PBD (non-polar) segments allows the comparison of PPC properties when swollen in carbonate (high polarity) and ether (low polarity) electrolytes, which are the two most common classes of electrolytes. We find that a low swelling ratio of the PPC increases the transference number of Li+ ions while decreasing the conductivity. The activation energy only increases when the PPC is swollen in the carbonate electrolyte because of the strong ion-dipole interaction in the PAN phase, which is absent in the non-polar PBD phase. Theoretical models using Hansen solubility parameters and a percolation model have been shown to be effective in predicting the swelling behavior of PPCs in organic solvents and to estimate the conductivity. The trade-off between conductivity and the transference number is the primary challenge for PPCs. Our study provides general guidelines for PPC design, which favors the use of non-polar polymers with low polarity organic electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Haodong Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Xing Xing
- Department of NanoEngineering 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Zijun Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego USA
| | - Sicen Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla California 92093 USA
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19
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Akamatsu K, Nakano SI, Kimura K, Takashima Y, Tsuruoka T, Nawafune H, Sato Y, Murai J, Yanagimoto H. Controlling Interfacial Ion-Transport Kinetics Using Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Additive- and Effluent-free, High-Performance Electrodeposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13896-13906. [PMID: 33710851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-performance, environmentally friendly electrodeposition processes is critical for emerging coating technologies because current technologies use highly complex baths containing metal salts, supporting electrolytes, and various kinds of organic additives, which are problematic from both environmental and cost perspectives. Here, we show that a 200 μm-thin polyelectrolyte membrane sandwiched between electrodes effectively concentrates metal ions through interfacial penetration, which increases the conductance between the electrodes to 0.30 S and realizes solid-state electrodeposition that produces no mist, sludge, or even waste effluent. Both, experimental results and theoretical calculations, reveal that electrodeposition is controlled by ion penetration at the solution/polyelectrolyte interface, providing an intrinsically different ion-transport mechanism to that of conventional diffusion-controlled electrodeposition. The setup, which includes 0.50 mol L-1 copper sulfate and no additives, delivers a maximum current density of 300 mA cm-2, which is nearly fivefold higher than that of a current commercial plating bath containing organic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Akamatsu
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Nakano
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Koshi Kimura
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yohei Takashima
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuruoka
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nawafune
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Electrification & Environment Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8572, Japan
| | - Junya Murai
- Electrification & Environment Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagimoto
- Electrification & Environment Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8572, Japan
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20
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Yu Y, Liu Y, Xie J. Building Better Li Metal Anodes in Liquid Electrolyte: Challenges and Progress. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18-33. [PMID: 33382579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Li metal has been widely recognized as a promising anode candidate for high-energy-density batteries. However, the inherent limitations of Li metal, that is, the low Coulombic efficiency and dendrite issues, make it still far from practical applications. In short, the low Coulombic efficiency shortens the cycle life of Li metal batteries, while the dendrite issue raises safety concerns. Thanks to the great efforts of the research community, prolific fundamental understanding as well as approaches for mitigating Li metal anode safety have been extensively explored. In this Review, Li electrochemical deposition behaviors have been systematically summarized, and recent progress in electrode design and electrolyte system optimization is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future directions, opportunities, and challenges of Li metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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21
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Zheng J, Archer LA. Controlling electrochemical growth of metallic zinc electrodes: Toward affordable rechargeable energy storage systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe0219. [PMID: 33523975 PMCID: PMC7787491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Scalable approaches for precisely manipulating the growth of crystals are of broad-based science and technological interest. New research interests have reemerged in a subgroup of these phenomena-electrochemical growth of metals in battery anodes. In this Review, the geometry of the building blocks and their mode of assembly are defined as key descriptors to categorize deposition morphologies. To control Zn electrodeposit morphology, we consider fundamental electrokinetic principles and the associated critical issues. It is found that the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on Zn has a similarly strong influence as for alkali metals at low current regimes, characterized by a moss-like morphology. Another key conclusion is that the unique crystal structure of Zn, featuring high anisotropy facets resulting from the hexagonal close-packed lattice with a c/a ratio of 1.85, imposes predominant influences on its growth. In our view, precisely regulating the SEI and the crystallographic features of the Zn offers exciting opportunities that will drive transformative progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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22
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Yang Q, Li Q, Liu Z, Wang D, Guo Y, Li X, Tang Y, Li H, Dong B, Zhi C. Dendrites in Zn-Based Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001854. [PMID: 33103828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn batteries that provide a synergistic integration of absolute safety and high energy density have been considered as highly promising energy-storage systems for powering electronics. Despite the rapid progress made in developing high-performance cathodes and electrolytes, the underestimated but non-negligible dendrites of Zn anode have been observed to shorten battery lifespan. Herein, this dendrite issue in Zn anodes, with regard to fundamentals, protection strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical simulations, is systematically discussed. An overall comparison between the Zn dendrite and its Li and Al counterparts, to highlight their differences in both origin and topology, is given. Subsequently, in-depth clarifications of the specific influence factors of Zn dendrites, including the accumulation effect and the cathode loading mass (a distinct factor for laboratory studies and practical applications) are presented. Recent advances in Zn dendrite protection are then comprehensively summarized and categorized to generate an overview of respective superiorities and limitations of various strategies. Accordingly, theoretical computations and advanced characterization approaches are introduced as mechanism guidelines and measurement criteria for dendrite suppression, respectively. The concluding section emphasizes future challenges in addressing the Zn dendrite issue and potential approaches to further promoting the lifespan of Zn batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Binbin Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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23
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Zheng J, Yin J, Zhang D, Li G, Bock DC, Tang T, Zhao Q, Liu X, Warren A, Deng Y, Jin S, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES, Takeuchi KJ, Rahn CD, Archer LA. Spontaneous and field-induced crystallographic reorientation of metal electrodeposits at battery anodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb1122. [PMID: 32596468 PMCID: PMC7299631 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The propensity of metal anodes of contemporary interest (e.g., Li, Al, Na, and Zn) to form non-planar, dendritic morphologies during battery charging is a fundamental barrier to achievement of full reversibility. We experimentally investigate the origins of dendritic electrodeposition of Zn, Cu, and Li in a three-electrode electrochemical cell bounded at one end by a rotating disc electrode. We find that the classical picture of ion depletion-induced growth of dendrites is valid in dilute electrolytes but is essentially irrelevant in the concentrated (≥1 M) electrolytes typically used in rechargeable batteries. Using Zn as an example, we find that ion depletion at the mass transport limit may be overcome by spontaneous reorientation of Zn crystallites from orientations parallel to the electrode surface to dominantly homeotropic orientations, which appear to facilitate contact with cations outside the depletion layer. This chemotaxis-like process causes obvious texturing and increases the porosity of metal electrodeposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jiefu Yin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Duhan Zhang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gaojin Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David C. Bock
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Tian Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Qing Zhao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiaotun Liu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Warren
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shuo Jin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amy C. Marschilok
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Esther S. Takeuchi
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher D. Rahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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24
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Zhang D, Warren AJ, Li G, Cheng Z, Han X, Zhao Q, Liu X, Deng Y, Archer LA. Electrodeposition of Zinc in Aqueous Electrolytes Containing High Molecular Weight Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duhan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander J. Warren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gaojin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zhu Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Han
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xiaotun Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yue Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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25
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Zheng J, Kim MS, Tu Z, Choudhury S, Tang T, Archer LA. Regulating electrodeposition morphology of lithium: towards commercially relevant secondary Li metal batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2701-2750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00883g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rational approaches for achieving fine control of the electrodeposition morphology of Li are required to create commercially-relevant rechargeable Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxu Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Mun Sek Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | | | | | - Tian Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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26
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Kim MS, Deepika, Lee SH, Kim MS, Ryu JH, Lee KR, Archer LA, Cho WI. Enabling reversible redox reactions in electrochemical cells using protected LiAl intermetallics as lithium metal anodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax5587. [PMID: 31692811 PMCID: PMC6814371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable electrochemical cells with metallic anodes are of increasing scientific and technological interest. The complex composition, poorly defined morphology, heterogeneous chemistry, and unpredictable mechanics of interphases formed spontaneously on the anodes are often examined but rarely controlled. Here, we couple computational studies with experimental analysis of well-defined LiAl electrodes in realistic electrochemical environments to design anodes and interphases of known composition. We compare phase behavior, Li binding energies, and activation energy barriers for adatom transport and study their effects on the electrochemical reversibility of battery cells. As an illustration of potential practical benefits of our findings, we create cells in which LiAl anodes protected by Langmuir-Blodgett MoS2 interphases are paired with 4.1 mAh cm-2 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes. These studies reveal that small- and larger-format (196 mAh, 294 Wh kg-1, and 513 Wh liter-1) cells based on protected LiAl anodes exhibit high reversibility and support stable Li migration during recharge of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Sek Kim
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deepika
- Center for Computational Science Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seop Kim
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Ryu
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ryeol Lee
- Center for Computational Science Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5201, USA
| | - Won Il Cho
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Choudhury S, Stalin S, Vu D, Warren A, Deng Y, Biswal P, Archer LA. Solid-state polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4398. [PMID: 31562334 PMCID: PMC6765010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical cells based on alkali metal anodes are receiving intensive scientific interest as potentially transformative technology platforms for electrical energy storage. Chemical, morphological, mechanical and hydrodynamic instabilities at the metal anode produce uneven metal electrodeposition and poor anode reversibility, which, are among the many known challenges that limit progress. Here, we report that solid-state electrolytes based on crosslinked polymer networks can address all of these challenges in cells based on lithium metal anodes. By means of transport and electrochemical analyses, we show that manipulating thermodynamic interactions between polymer segments covalently anchored in the network and "free" segments belonging to an oligomeric electrolyte hosted in the network pores, one can facilely create hybrid electrolytes that simultaneously exhibit liquid-like barriers to ion transport and solid-like resistance to morphological and hydrodynamic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehashis Choudhury
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sanjuna Stalin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Duylinh Vu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Warren
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yue Deng
- Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Prayag Biswal
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lynden A Archer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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28
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Zhao CZ, Duan H, Huang JQ, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Guo YG, Wan LJ. Designing solid-state interfaces on lithium-metal anodes: a review. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Warren A, Zhang D, Choudhury S, Archer LA. Electrokinetics in Viscoelastic Liquid Electrolytes above the Diffusion Limit. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Li G, Archer LA, Koch DL. Electroconvection in a Viscoelastic Electrolyte. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:124501. [PMID: 30978047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.124501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct numerical simulations of a liquid electrolyte with polymer additives demonstrate that viscoelasticity promotes an earlier transition from steady to unsteady electroconvective flow. Viscoelasticity also decreases the overlimiting current resulting from convection by up to 40%. Both of these effects would reduce the time-averaged spatial variability of ion flux suggesting that polymeric fluids may inhibit dendrite growth. Polymer relaxation near a surface destabilizes the flow structures and decreases the time duration of high current fluxes. This mechanism of polymer-induced flux reduction is general to wall bounded flows with transfer of mass, heat or momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojin Li
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Donald L Koch
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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31
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Umeda K, Kobayashi K, Minato T, Yamada H. Atomic-Level Viscosity Distribution in the Hydration Layer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:116001. [PMID: 30951327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The viscosity of solvation structures is crucial for the development of energy-efficient biofunctional and electrochemical devices. Elucidating their subnanoscale distributions can cause the formation of a sustainable energy society. Here, we visualize the site-specific three-dimensional damping distribution on a CaCO_{3} surface composed of binary ion species using ultra-low-noise frequency modulation atomic force microscopy. With the support from molecular dynamics simulation, we found a strikingly large damping at the calcium sites, which demonstrates the capability of this methodology to visualize atomic-scale viscosity in the hydration layers. Our finding will expedite the evolutions of various functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Umeda
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Advanced Material Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Minato
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamada
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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32
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Guo Y, Li D, Xiong R, Li H. Investigation of the temperature-dependent behaviours of Li metal anode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9773-9776. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects of temperature on Li nucleation/deposition behaviors and electro-chemical performances are thoroughly investigated in both ether and ester electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Dian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Rundi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
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33
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Ma JL, Meng FL, Yu Y, Liu DP, Yan JM, Zhang Y, Zhang XB, Jiang Q. Prevention of dendrite growth and volume expansion to give high-performance aprotic bimetallic Li-Na alloy–O2 batteries. Nat Chem 2018; 11:64-70. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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