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Valladares MA, Fabres AA, Sánchez-Rodríguez F, Collado GA, Méndez MA. Population structure and microscale morphological differentiation in a freshwater snail from the Chilean Altiplano. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38184553 PMCID: PMC10770964 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity and population genetic structure of many species have been shaped by historical and contemporary climatic changes. For the species of the South American Altiplano, the historical climatic changes are mainly related to the wet events of great magnitude and regional influence that occurred during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations (PCOs). In contrast, contemporary climate changes are associated with events of lesser magnitude and local influence related to intensifications of the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM). Although multiple studies have analyzed the effect of PCOs on the genetic patterns of highland aquatic species, little is known about the impact of contemporary climate changes in recent evolutionary history. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the change in population structure and connectivity using nuclear and mitochondrial markers throughout the distribution range of Heleobia ascotanensis, a freshwater Cochliopidae endemic to the Ascotán Saltpan. In addition, using geometric morphometric analyses, we evaluated the concomitance of genetic divergence and morphological differentiation. RESULTS The mitochondrial sequence analysis results revealed the presence of highly divergent co-distributed and geographically nested haplotypes. This pattern reflects an extension in the distribution of groups that previously would have differentiated allopatrically. These changes in distribution would have covered the entire saltpan and would be associated with the large-scale wet events of the PCOs. On the other hand, the microsatellite results defined five spatially isolated populations, separated primarily by geographic barriers. Contemporary gene flow analyses suggest that post-PCO, climatic events that would have connected all populations did not occur. The morphometric analyses results indicate that there is significant morphological differentiation in the populations that are more isolated and that present the greatest genetic divergence. CONCLUSIONS The contemporary population structure and morphological variation of H. ascotanensis mainly reflect the post-PCO climatic influence. Although both markers exhibit high genetic structuring, the microsatellite and morphology results show the preponderant influence of fragmentation in recent evolutionary history. The contemporary genetic pattern shows that in species that have limited dispersal capabilities, genetic discontinuities can appear rapidly, erasing signs of historical connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Valladares
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (GBCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alejandra A Fabres
- Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A Collado
- Grupo de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (GBCG), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Marco A Méndez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Evolución, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Universidad de Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.
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Anglés A, He Q, Sánchez García L, Carrizo D, Rodriguez N, Huang T, Shen Y, Amils R, Fernández-Remolar DC. Biospeleothems Formed by Fungal Activity During the Early Holocene in the “Salar de Uyuni”. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913452. [PMID: 35814676 PMCID: PMC9260512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chiquini and Galaxias caves contain speleothems that are templated by long fungal structures. They have been associated with the carbonate lacustrine deposits in the margins of the Coipasa and Uyuni Salar basins. During a wetter episode, such carbonates formed at the end of the last glaciation raising the lake level to more than 100 m in the Tauca events (15–12 ky). Such an event flooded the caves that eventually became a cryptic habitat in the lake. The caves show bizarre speleothems framed by large (>1 m) fungal buildings covering the older algal mineralized structures. Although the origin of the caves is not fully understood, the occurrence of two carbonatic units with very distinctive fabric suggests that they formed in two separated humid events. In this regard, the mineralized algal structures, showing the same features as the lacustrine carbonates, likely formed during the Tauca flooding events in the terminal Pleistocene that inundated older caves. The different caves were exposed to the atmosphere after a drop in the lake level that promoted alluvial erosion by <12–10 ky (Ticaña episode) under arid conditions. A last humid episode rising the lake surface 10 m above the Salar level, which was not enough to inundate the caves a second time, drove the formation of the biospeleothems by fungi biomineralization. The abundance and size of the preserved fungal structures suggest that they were sustained by a stable hydrological activity plus a constant organic supply. While nutrients could have been primarily sourced from the vegetal communities that occupied the exhumated lake margins, they might have also been released from the lacustrine carbonatic unit. The combination of hydrology and biological activities were likely determinants for a fast rock dissolution and mineralization ending in the construction of the fungal biospeleothems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Anglés
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- China National Space Administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau, China
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Angélica Anglés
| | - Qitao He
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- China National Space Administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau, China
| | - Laura Sánchez García
- Centro de Astrobiología Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Carrizo
- Centro de Astrobiología Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Centro de Astrobiología Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- China National Space Administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- China National Space Administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau, China
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Centro de Astrobiología Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David C. Fernández-Remolar
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- China National Space Administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau, China
- Carl Sagan Center, The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, United States
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González-Pinilla FJ, Latorre C, Rojas M, Houston J, Rocuant MI, Maldonado A, Santoro CM, Quade J, Betancourt JL. High- and low-latitude forcings drive Atacama Desert rainfall variations over the past 16,000 years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1333. [PMID: 34533988 PMCID: PMC8448445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Late Quaternary precipitation dynamics in the central Andes have been linked to both high- and low-latitude atmospheric teleconnections. We use present-day relationships between fecal pellet diameters from ashy chinchilla rats (Abrocoma cinerea) and mean annual rainfall to reconstruct the timing and magnitude of pluvials (wet episodes) spanning the past 16,000 years in the Atacama Desert based on 81 14C-dated A. cinerea paleomiddens. A transient climate simulation shows that pluvials identified at 15.9 to 14.8, 13.0 to 8.6, and 8.1 to 7.6 ka B.P. can be linked to North Atlantic (high-latitude) forcing (e.g., Heinrich Stadial 1, Younger Dryas, and Bond cold events). Holocene pluvials at 5.0 to 4.6, 3.2 to 2.1, and 1.4 to 0.7 ka B.P. are not simulated, implying low-latitude internal variability forcing (i.e., ENSO regime shifts). These results help constrain future central Andean hydroclimatic variability and hold promise for reconstructing past climates from rodent middens in desert ecosystems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. González-Pinilla
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Latorre
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Maisa Rojas
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR) and Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - M. Ignacia Rocuant
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Maldonado
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Calogero M. Santoro
- Instituto de Alta Investigación (IAI), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Jay Quade
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julio L. Betancourt
- Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey, Science and Decisions Center, Reston, VA, USA
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Woods A, Rodbell DT, Abbott MB, Hatfield RG, Chen CY, Lehmann SB, McGee D, Weidhaas NC, Tapia PM, Valero-Garcés BL, Bush MB, Stoner JS. Andean drought and glacial retreat tied to Greenland warming during the last glacial period. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5135. [PMID: 33046707 PMCID: PMC7552390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrupt warming events recorded in Greenland ice cores known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) interstadials are linked to changes in tropical circulation during the last glacial cycle. Corresponding variations in South American summer monsoon (SASM) strength are documented, most commonly, in isotopic records from speleothems, but less is known about how these changes affected precipitation and Andean glacier mass balance. Here we present a sediment record spanning the last ~50 ka from Lake Junín (Peru) in the tropical Andes that has sufficient chronologic precision to document abrupt climatic events on a centennial-millennial time scale. DO events involved the near-complete disappearance of glaciers below 4700 masl in the eastern Andean cordillera and major reductions in the level of Peru’s second largest lake. Our results reveal the magnitude of the hydroclimatic disruptions in the highest reaches of the Amazon Basin that were caused by a weakening of the SASM during abrupt arctic warming. Accentuated warming in the Arctic could lead to significant reductions in the precipitation-evaporation balance of the southern tropical Andes with deleterious effects on this densely populated region of South America. How the abrupt warming events recorded in Greenland ice cores during the last glacial cycle have influenced the tropical climate is not well known. Here the authors present new lake sediment data from the Peruvian Andes that shows that these events resulted in rapid glacier retreat and large reductions in lake level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Woods
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mark B Abbott
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Robert G Hatfield
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christine Y Chen
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sophie B Lehmann
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas C Weidhaas
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pedro M Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, Ancash, Peru
| | - Blas L Valero-Garcés
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, Spanish National Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mark B Bush
- Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Joseph S Stoner
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Abstract
Glacial-interglacial cycles have constituted a primary mode of climate variability over the last 2.6 million years of Earth's history. While glacial periods cannot be seen simply as a reverse analogue of future warming, they offer an opportunity to test our understanding of the response of precipitation patterns to a much wider range of conditions than we have been able to directly observe. This review explores key features of precipitation patterns associated with glacial climates, which include drying in large regions of the tropics and wetter conditions in substantial parts of the subtropics and midlatitudes. I describe the evidence for these changes and examine the potential causes of hydrological changes during glacial periods. Central themes that emerge include the importance of atmospheric circulation changes in determining glacial-interglacial precipitation changes at the regional scale, the need to take into account climatic factors beyond local precipitation amount when interpreting proxy data, and the role of glacial conditions in suppressing the strength of Northern Hemisphere monsoon systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
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