1
|
Sun P, Jin Y, Yin Y, Wu C, Song C, Feng Y, Zhou P, Qin X, Niu Y, Liu Q, Zhang J, Wang Z, Hao X. Achieving Extreme Pressure Resistance to Liquids on a Super-Omniphobic Surface with Armored Reentrants. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2201602. [PMID: 36919581 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Static repellency and pressure resistance to liquids are essential for high-performance super-omniphobic surfaces. However, these two merits appear mutually exclusive in conventional designs because of their conflicting structural demands: Static liquid repellency necessitates minimal solid-liquid contact, which in turn inevitably undercuts the surface's ability to resist liquid invasion exerted by the elevated pressure. Here, inspired by the Springtail, these two merits can be simultaneously realized by structuring surfaces at two size scales, with a micrometric reentrant structure providing static liquid repellency and a nanometric reentrant structure providing pressure resistance, which dexterously avoids the dilemma of their structural conflicts. The nanometric reentrants are densely packed on the micrometric ones, serving as "armor" that prevents liquids invasion by generating multilevel energy barriers, thus naming the surface as the armored reentrants (AR) surface. The AR surface could repel liquids with very low surface tensions, such as silicone oil (21 mN m-1), and simultaneously resist great pressure from the liquids, exemplified by enduring the impact of low-surface-tension liquids under a high weber number (>400), the highest-pressure resistance ever reported. With its scalable fabrication and enhanced performance, our design could extend the application scope of liquid-repellent surfaces toward ultimate industrial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peiyang Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhi Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Niu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Qiankai Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh NS, Jitniyom T, Navarro-Cía M, Gao N. Droplet impact on doubly re-entrant structures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2700. [PMID: 38302584 PMCID: PMC10834531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Doubly re-entrant pillars have been demonstrated to possess superior static and dynamic liquid repellency against highly wettable liquids compared to straight or re-entrant pillars. Nevertheless, there has been little insight into how the key structural parameters of doubly re-entrant pillars influence the hydrodynamics of impacting droplets. In this work, we carried out numerical simulations and experimental studies to portray the fundamental physical phenomena that can explain the alteration of the surface wettability from adjusting the design parameters of the doubly re-entrant pillars. On the one hand, three-dimensional multiphase flow simulations of droplet impact were conducted to probe the predominance of the overhang structure in dynamic liquid repellency. On the other hand, the numerical results of droplet impact behaviours are agreed by the experimental results for different pitch sizes and contact angles. Furthermore, the dimensions of the doubly re-entrant pillars, including the height, diameter, overhang length and overhang thickness, were altered to establish their effect on droplet repellency. These findings present the opportunity for manipulations of droplet behaviours by means of improving the critical dimensional parameters of doubly re-entrant structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanaphun Jitniyom
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Miguel Navarro-Cía
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lei Y, Liu B, Zhuang L, Guo Y, Sun H, Yuan D, Tang B, Liu F, Zhou G. Accurate and Wide-Voltage-Range Modeling of Electrowetting with a Lattice Boltzmann Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12110-12123. [PMID: 37596256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been widely used in multi-phase fluid mechanics and is known to be more computationally efficient than the traditional method of numerically solving Navier-Stokes and Cahn-Hilliard equations. Electrowetting is an important component of interfacial sciences, in which the liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces are tuned by electrostatics. Modeling electrowetting using the LBM can be categorized into surface and bulk methods. By modifying the surface tension scalar, the surface method easily reproduces the fundamental Young-Lippmann (YL) equation at low voltages but fails to capture contact angle saturation at high voltages. With fully coupled hydrodynamics and electrostatics in the form of spatially dependent matrices, the bulk method can successfully show contact angle saturation, but it is often unable to reproduce the YL equation due to its intrinsic inaccuracies. The inaccuracies are mainly due to the fact that while the hydrodynamics are all described by continuous physical quantities in the framework of diffusive interfaces, the interfacial electrostatics are governed by discontinuous electric fields caused by sheet charge density. In this paper, we show that accurately modeling electrowetting using the LBM is non-trivial. Additional modeling work, especially the treatment of interfacial electric fields, is needed to recover the fundamental YL equation at low voltages and predict contact angle saturation at high voltages, with a systematic model validation over key parameters and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Chan CW, Li Z, Siu SY, Chen S, Sun H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Hu C, Pugno NM, Zare RN, Wu H, Ren K. All-perfluoropolymer, nonlinear stability-assisted monolithic surface combines topology-specific superwettability with ultradurability. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100389. [PMID: 36895759 PMCID: PMC9988671 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing versatile and robust surfaces that mimic the skins of living beings to regulate air/liquid/solid matter is critical for many bioinspired applications. Despite notable achievements, such as in the case of developing robust superhydrophobic surfaces, it remains elusive to realize simultaneously topology-specific superwettability and multipronged durability owing to their inherent tradeoff and the lack of a scalable fabrication method. Here, we present a largely unexplored strategy of preparing an all-perfluoropolymer (Teflon), nonlinear stability-assisted monolithic surface for efficient regulating matters. The key to achieving topology-specific superwettability and multilevel durability is the geometric-material mechanics design coupling superwettability stability and mechanical strength. The versatility of the surface is evidenced by its manufacturing feasibility, multiple-use modes (coating, membrane, and adhesive tape), long-term air trapping in 9-m-deep water, low-fouling droplet transportation, and self-cleaning of nanodirt. We also demonstrate its multilevel durability, including strong substrate adhesion, mechanical robustness, and chemical stability, all of which are needed for real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chiu-Wing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sin-Yung Siu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yisu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Università di Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luo J, Yu H, Lu B, Wang D, Deng X. Superhydrophobic Biological Fluid-Repellent Surfaces: Mechanisms and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201106. [PMID: 36287096 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic biological fluid-repellent surfaces (SBFRSs) have attracted great attention in the treatment of blood and urine-related diseases because of their unique wettability and compatibility, which creates a new path for the development of medical apparatus and instruments, and are expected to create advances in various fields. Here, this review provides an up-to-date summary of research progress on the repellent mechanism and application of SBFRSs. The underlying physical and chemical principles for designing superhydrophobic surfaces are first introduced. Then, the dialectical influences of solid-liquid interactions between superhydrophobic surfaces and biological fluids on the wettability and compatibility are emphatically expounded. Subsequently, attention is drawn to the recent applications of SBFRSs in biomedical fields, such as surgical medical apparatus, implant materials, extracorporeal circulation devices, and biological fluid detection. Finally, the outlook and challenges in terms of employing SBFRSs are also discussed. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive guidance for the preparation of SBFRSs with compatibility and long-term superhydrophobic stability that is closely related to clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Huali Yu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Binyang Lu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Y, Yu H, Tan Z. Free energy barrier in wetting parallel-structured surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Avis SJ, Panter JR, Kusumaatmaja H. A robust and memory-efficient transition state search method for complex energy landscapes. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124107. [PMID: 36182442 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Locating transition states is crucial for investigating transition mechanisms in wide-ranging phenomena, from atomistic to macroscale systems. Existing methods, however, can struggle in problems with a large number of degrees of freedom, on-the-fly adaptive remeshing and coarse-graining, and energy landscapes that are locally flat or discontinuous. To resolve these challenges, we introduce a new double-ended method, the Binary-Image Transition State Search (BITSS). It uses just two states that converge to the transition state, resulting in a fast, flexible, and memory-efficient method. We also show that it is more robust compared to existing bracketing methods that use only two states. We demonstrate its versatility by applying BITSS to three very different classes of problems: Lennard-Jones clusters, shell buckling, and multiphase phase-field models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Avis
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R Panter
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Halim Kusumaatmaja
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Water harvesting from air has the potential to alleviate water scarcity in arid regions around the globe. To achieve efficient water harvesting, we prefer rapid vapor condensation and droplet collection simultaneously. Prior techniques are not able to separate the vapor and liquid flow, so the condensed droplets always hinder the vapor condensation. In this work, we report a flow-separation condensation mode on a hydrophilic reentrant slippery liquid-infused porous surface. The slippery reentrant channels absorb the condensed droplets, lock the liquid columns inside, and transport them to the end of each channel. As a result, the sustainable flow separation significantly increases the water harvesting rate. Water harvesting from air is desired for decentralized water supply wherever water is needed. When water vapor is condensed as droplets on a surface the unremoved droplets act as thermal barriers. A surface that can provide continual droplet-free areas for nucleation is favorable for condensation water harvesting. Here, we report a flow-separation condensation mode on a hydrophilic reentrant slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) that rapidly removes droplets with diameters above 50 μm. The slippery reentrant channels lock the liquid columns inside and transport them to the end of each channel. We demonstrate that the liquid columns can harvest the droplets on top of the hydrophilic reentrant SLIPS at a high droplet removal frequency of 130 Hz/mm2. The sustainable flow separation without flooding increases the water harvesting rate by 110% compared to the state-of-the-art hydrophilic flat SLIPS. Such a flow-separation condensation approach paves a way for water harvesting.
Collapse
|
9
|
Turning traditionally nonwetting surfaces wetting for even ultra-high surface energy liquids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2109052119. [PMID: 35064079 PMCID: PMC8794827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109052119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Control over the interaction between liquids and surfaces is used in numerous thermofluidic systems, with behaviors ranging from highly repellent to highly wetting. In this work, we demonstrate that surface engineering enables highly wetting behavior from liquid/surface combinations that are typically nonwetting, broadening the design space for thermofluidic systems. We present a surface-engineering approach that turns all liquids highly wetting, including ultra-high surface tension fluids such as mercury. Previously, highly wetting behavior was only possible for intrinsically wetting liquid/material combinations through surface roughening to enable the so-called Wenzel and hemiwicking states, in which liquid fills the surface structures and causes a droplet to exhibit a low contact angle when contacting the surface. Here, we show that roughness made of reentrant structures allows for a metastable hemiwicking state even for nonwetting liquids. Our surface energy model reveals that with liquid filled in the structure, the reentrant feature creates a local energy barrier, which prevents liquid depletion from surface structures regardless of the intrinsic wettability. We experimentally demonstrated this concept with microfabricated reentrant channels. Notably, we show an apparent contact angle as low as 35° for mercury on structured silicon surfaces with fluorinated coatings, on which the intrinsic contact angle of mercury is 143°, turning a highly nonwetting liquid/material combination highly wetting through surface engineering. Our work enables highly wetting behavior for previously inaccessible material/liquid combinations and thus expands the design space for various thermofluidic applications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu P, Wang L. Microfluidics-Enabled Soft Manufacture of Materials with Tailorable Wettability. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7010-7060. [PMID: 34918913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics and wettability are interrelated and mutually reinforcing fields, experiencing synergistic growth. Surface wettability is paramount in regulating microfluidic flows for processing and manipulating fluids at the microscale. Microfluidics, in turn, has emerged as a versatile platform for tailoring the wettability of materials. We present a critical review on the microfluidics-enabled soft manufacture (MESM) of materials with well-controlled wettability and their multidisciplinary applications. Microfluidics provides a variety of liquid templates for engineering materials with exquisite composition and morphology, laying the foundation for precisely controlling the wettability. Depending on the degree of ordering, liquid templates are divided into individual droplets, one-dimensional (1D) arrays, and two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) assemblies for the modular fabrication of microparticles, microfibers, and monolithic porous materials, respectively. Future exploration of MESM will enrich the diversity of chemical composition and physical structure for wettability control and thus markedly broaden the application horizons across engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. This review aims to systematize this emerging yet robust technology, with the hope of aiding the realization of its full potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li G, Zhang C, Song Y, Li L, Ni C, Dai N, Cai Y, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Femtosecond Laser Regulated Ultrafast Growth of Mushroom-Like Architecture for Oil Repellency and Manipulation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9301-9309. [PMID: 34709839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural organisms can create various microstructures via a spontaneous growth mode. In contrast, artificial protruding microstructures are constructed by subtractive methods that waste materials and time or by additive methods that require additional materials. Here, we report a facile and straightforward strategy for a laser-induced self-growing mushroom-like microstructure on a flat surface. By simply controlling the localized femtosecond laser heating and ablation on the poly(ethylene terephthalate) tape/heat-shrinkable polystyrene bilayer surface, it is discovered that a mushroom-like architecture can spontaneously and rapidly grow out from the original surface within 0.36 s. The dimension of the re-entrant micropillar array (cap diameter, pillar spacing, and height) can be accurately controlled through the intentional control of laser scanning. Followed by a fluorination and spray coating, the obtained surface can realize the repellency and manipulation of oil droplets. This work provides new opportunities in the fields of microfabrication, microfluidics, microreactor engineering, and wearable antifouling electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yachao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuegan Song
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Longfu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Caiding Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Nianwei Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liao X, Goh K, Liao Y, Wang R, Razaqpur AG. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes for membrane distillation: Mechanisms, fabrications and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102547. [PMID: 34687984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the aggravation of the global water crisis, membrane distillation (MD) for seawater desalination and hypersaline wastewater treatment is highlighted due to its low operating temperature, low hydrostatic pressure, and theoretically 100% rejection. However, some issues still impede the large-scale applications of MD technology, such as membrane fouling, scaling and unsatisfactory wetting resistance. Bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes have progressed rapidly in the past decades and been considered as one of the most promising approaches to overcome the above problems. This review for the first time systematically summarizes and analyzes the mechanisms of different super liquid-repellent surfaces, their preparation and modification methods, and anti-wetting/fouling/scaling performances in the MD process. Firstly, the topology theories of in-air superhydrophobic, in-air omniphobic and underwater superoleophobic surfaces are illustrated using different models. Secondly, the fabrication methods of various super liquid-repellent membranes are classified. The merits and demerits of each method are illustrated. Thirdly, the anti-wetting/fouling/scaling mechanisms of super liquid-repellent membranes are summarized. Finally, the conclusions and perspectives of the bio-inspired super liquid-repellent membranes are elaborated. It is anticipated that the systematic review herein can provide readers with foundational knowledge and current progress of super liquid-repellent membranes, and inspire researchers to overcome the challenges up ahead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Kunli Goh
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Res. Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yuan Liao
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Res. Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Abdul Ghani Razaqpur
- Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Center for Water and Environmental Safety, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No.38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ezazi M, Shrestha B, Maharjan A, Kwon G. Water-Responsive Self-Repairing Superomniphobic Surfaces via Regeneration of Hierarchical Topography. ACS MATERIALS AU 2021; 2:55-62. [PMID: 36855698 PMCID: PMC9888626 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superomniphobic surfaces that can self-repair physical damage are desirable for sustainable performance over time in many practical applications that include self-cleaning, corrosion resistance, and protective gears. However, fabricating such self-repairing superomniphobic surfaces has thus far been a challenge because it necessitates the regeneration of both low-surface-energy materials and hierarchical topography. Herein, a water-responsive self-repairing superomniphobic film is reported by utilizing cross-linked hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) composited with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (HPC-SiO2) that is treated with a low-surface-energy perfluorosilane. The film can repair physical damage (e.g., a scratch) in approximately 10 s by regenerating its hierarchical topography and low-surface-energy material upon the application of water vapor. The repaired region shows an almost complete recovery of its inherent superomniphobic wettability and mechanical hardness. The repairing process is driven by the reversible hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl (-OH) groups which can be dissociated upon exposure to water vapor. This results in a viscous flow of the HPC-SiO2 film into the damaged region. A mathematical model composed of viscosity and surface tension of the HPC-SiO2 film can describe the experimentally measured viscous flow with reasonable accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the superomniphobic HPC-SiO2 film can repair physical damage by a water droplet pinned on a damaged area or by sequential rolling water droplets.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bai L, Kim K, Ha MY, Ahn Y, Jang J. Molecular Insights on the Wetting Behavior of a Surface Corrugated with Nanoscale Domed Pillars. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9336-9345. [PMID: 34314174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, we investigated the wettability of a surface texturized with nanoscale pillars of domed, rectangular, or cylindrical shapes. The dewetted and wetted states of the gaps between the pillars were related to the Cassie-Baxter (CB) and Wenzel (WZ) states of a macroscopic water droplet resting on top of the pillars. We uncovered the structures and free energies of the intermediate states existing between the CB and WZ states. The contact line of the liquid-vapor-solid interface could not be depinned for the domed pillars due to their smooth curvatures unlike for the rectangular or cylindrical pillars. The liquid symmetrically penetrated down into the gap between the domed pillars by a liquid-vapor interface shape like a paraboloid, while the penetration for the rectangular or cylindrical pillars was often asymmetrical, giving a half-tubular liquid-vapor interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Bai
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiduk Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Yeong Ha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonho Ahn
- School of Liberal Arts, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of different secondary nano-scaled roughness on the properties of omniphobic membranes for brine treatment using membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
16
|
Sadullah MS, Panter JR, Kusumaatmaja H. Factors controlling the pinning force of liquid droplets on liquid infused surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8114-8121. [PMID: 32734997 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00766h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid infused surfaces with partially wetting lubricants have recently been exploited for numerous intriguing applications, such as for droplet manipulation, droplet collection and spontaneous motion. When partially wetting lubricants are used, the pinning force is a key factor that can strongly affect droplet mobility. Here, we derive an analytical prediction for contact angle hysteresis in the limit where the meniscus size is much smaller than the droplet, and numerically study how it is controlled by the solid fraction, the lubricant wetting angles, and the various fluid surface tensions. We further relate the contact angle hysteresis and the pinning force experienced by a droplet on a liquid infused surface, and our predictions for the critical sliding angles are consistent with existing experimental observations. Finally, we discuss why a droplet on a liquid infused surface with partially wetting lubricants typically experiences stronger pinning compared to a droplet on a classical superhydrophobic surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack R Panter
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Panter JR, Gizaw Y, Kusumaatmaja H. Critical Pressure Asymmetry in the Enclosed Fluid Diode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7463-7473. [PMID: 32486645 PMCID: PMC7467749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Joint physically and chemically pattered surfaces can provide efficient and passive manipulation of fluid flow. The ability of many of these surfaces to allow only unidirectional flow means they are often termed fluid diodes. Synthetic analogues of these are enabling technologies from sustainable water collection via fog harvesting to improved wound dressings. One key fluid diode geometry features a pore sandwiched between two absorbent substrates-an important design for applications that require liquid capture while preventing back-flow. However, the enclosed pore is particularly challenging to design as an effective fluid diode due to the need for both a low Laplace pressure for liquid entering the pore and a high Laplace pressure to liquid leaving. Here, we calculate the Laplace pressure for fluid traveling in both directions on a range of conical pore designs with a chemical gradient. We show that this chemical gradient is in general required to achieve the largest critical pressure differences between incoming and outgoing liquids. Finally, we discuss the optimization strategy to maximize this critical pressure asymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack R. Panter
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Yonas Gizaw
- The
Procter and Gamble Co., Mason Business
Center, 8700 S. Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Halim Kusumaatmaja
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Wang R, Wang J, Wong TS. Compact nanoscale textures reduce contact time of bouncing droplets. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb2307. [PMID: 32832639 PMCID: PMC7439615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many natural surfaces are capable of rapidly shedding water droplets-a phenomenon that has been attributed to the presence of low solid fraction textures (Φs ~ 0.01). However, recent observations revealed the presence of unusually high solid fraction nanoscale textures (Φs ~ 0.25 to 0.64) on water-repellent insect surfaces, which cannot be explained by existing wetting theories. Here, we show that the contact time of bouncing droplets on high solid fraction surfaces can be reduced by reducing the texture size to ~100 nm. We demonstrated that the texture size-dependent contact time reduction could be attributed to the dominance of line tension on nanotextures and that compact arrangement of nanotextures is essential to withstand the impact pressure of raindrops. Our findings illustrate a potential survival strategy of insects to rapidly shed impacting raindrops, and suggest a previously unidentified design principle to engineering robust water-repellent materials for applications including miniaturized drones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tak-Sing Wong
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marchio S, Meloni S, Giacomello A, Casciola CM. Wetting and recovery of nano-patterned surfaces beyond the classical picture. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21458-21470. [PMID: 31686077 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic (nano)textured surfaces, also known as superhydrophobic surfaces, have a wide range of technological applications, including in the self-cleaning, anti-moisture, anti-icing, anti-fogging and friction/drag reduction fields, and many more. The accidental complete wetting of surface textures, which destroys superhydrophobicity, and the opposite process of recovery are two crucial processes that can prevent or enable the technological applications mentioned before. Understanding these processes is key to designing surfaces with tailored wetting and recovery properties. However, recent experiments have suggested that the currently available theories are insufficient for describing the observed phenomena. In this work we offer a dynamic picture of these processes beyond the state of the art showing that the key ingredient determining the experimental behavior is the inertia of the liquid in the wetting and dewetting processes, which is neglected in microscopic and macroscopic quasi-static theories inspired by the classical nucleation theory. The present findings are also important for other related phenomena, such as heterogeneous cavitation, where vapor/gas bubbles form at surface asperities, condensation, dynamics of the triple line, micelle formation, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marchio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simone Meloni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (DipSCF), Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Massimo Casciola
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università di Roma Sapienza, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|