1
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Devrari V, Singh M. Quantum double slit experiment with reversible detection of photons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20438. [PMID: 39227623 PMCID: PMC11372071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Principle of quantum superposition permits a photon to interfere with itself. As per the principle of causality, a photon must pass through the double-slit prior to its detection on the screen to exhibit interference. In this paper, a double-slit quantum interference experiment with reversible detection of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantum entangled photons is presented. Where a photon is first detected on a screen without passing through a double-slit, while the second photon is propagating towards the double-slit. A detection event on the screen cannot affect the second photon with any signal propagating at the speed of light, even after its passage through the double-slit. After the detection of the first photon on the screen, the second photon is either passed through the double-slit or diverted towards a stationary photon detector. Therefore, the question of whether the first photon carries the which-path information of the second photon in the double-slit is eliminated. No single photon interference is exhibited by the second photon, even if another screen is placed after the double-slit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Devrari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Mandip Singh
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, India.
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2
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Yao C, Dou KL, Yang Y, Li C, Sun CQ, Sun J, He C, Zhang L, Pang S. Nonbonding Electron Delocalization Stabilizes the Flexible N 8 Molecular Assembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1507-1514. [PMID: 38299556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Electron delocalization has an important impact on the physical properties of condensed materials. However, the L-electron delocalization in inorganic, especially nitrogen, compounds needs exploitation to improve the energy efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability of high-energy-density materials (HEDMs). This Letter presents an intriguing N8 molecule, ingeniously utilizing nitrogen's L-electron delocalization. The molecule, exhibiting a unique lollipop-shaped conformation, can fold at various angles with very low energy barriers, self-assembling into environmentally stable, all-nitrogen crystals. These crystals demonstrate unparalleled stability, high energy density, low mechanical sensitivity, and optimal electronic thermal conductivity, outperforming existing HEDMs. The remarkable properties of these designed materials are attributed to two distinct delocalized systems within nitrogen's L-shell: π- and lone pair σ-electrons, which not only stabilize the molecular structure but also facilitate interconnected 3D networks of intermolecular nonbonding interactions. This work might pave the way to the experimental synthesis of environmentally stable all-nitrogen solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advance Materials Technology (EBEAM) of Chongqing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Kai-Le Dou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yezi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advance Materials Technology (EBEAM) of Chongqing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Chang Q Sun
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Science & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Berghold M, Burwitz VV, Mathes L, Hugenschmidt C, Guatieri F. Imaging low-energy positron beams in real-time with unprecedented resolution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18526. [PMID: 37898652 PMCID: PMC10613302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle beams focused to micrometer-sized spots play a crucial role in forefront research using low-energy positrons. Their expedient and wide application, however, requires highly-resolved, fast beam diagnostics. We have developed two different methods to modify a commercial imaging sensor to make it sensitive to low-energy positrons. The first method consists in removing the micro-lens array and Bayer filter from the sensor surface and depositing a phosphor layer in their place. This procedure results in a detector capable of imaging positron beams with energies down to a few tens of eV, or an intensity as low as [Formula: see text] when the beam energy exceeds 10 [Formula: see text]. The second approach omits the phosphor deposition; with the resulting device we succeeded in detecting single positrons with energies upwards of [Formula: see text] and efficiency up to 93%. The achieved spatial resolution of 0.97 [Formula: see text] is unprecedented for real-time positron detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berghold
- Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Vassily Vadimovitch Burwitz
- Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Lucian Mathes
- Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christoph Hugenschmidt
- Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Francesco Guatieri
- Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany.
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4
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Optical Channeling of Low Energy Antiprotons in Thin Crystal Targets. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A relevant aspect of the interactions between charged fermions and crystal targets is coherence, which can exist at both classical and quantum levels. In the case of antiprotons crossing crystal targets, there are theories and measurements of classical-level coherence effects, in particular, channeling effects. For the present study, we assume the existence of a low-energy regime where the electrostatic interactions between an antiproton and the crystal atoms lead to a local loss in the beam flux as their leading effect. We expect this assumption to be well-justified for antiproton (p¯) energies below 100 eV, with a progressive transition to a standard “Rutherford regime” in the energy range 100–1000 eV. Under these conditions, the target can be treated as an optical absorber with a periodical structure, which can be simplified by considering a multi-layer planar structure only. As in standard optics, wave absorption is accompanied by interference and diffraction. Assuming sub-nanometer ranges for the relevant parameters and a realistic angular spread for the antiproton beam, we find narrow-angle focusing effects that reproduce the classical channeling effect at a qualitative level. We also find that diffraction dominates over interference, although this may strongly depend on the target details.
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Huang C, Huang YC, Nie YY. New quantum physics, solving puzzles of Wheeler's delayed choice and a particle's passing N slits simultaneously and quantum oscillator in experiments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14410. [PMID: 36002473 PMCID: PMC9402567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discovers new quantum physics, and gives solutions to puzzles of Wheeler’s delayed choice and a particle’s passing many slits simultaneously by exact quantum physics expressions. We further show new quantum control, new quantum oscillation, new quantum control experiments and new quantum oscillator being able to be installed in quantum communication network etc. We discover that the ability of a photon to hit electrons out in photoelectric effect is complementarily equivalent to the ability of wave of a photon to simultaneously pass through many slits in wave-particle duality. Objective criterion for distinguishing classical and quantum particles is found, and this paper gives applicable realm of quantum theories and new quantum physics expressions of wave-particle duality. All these studies above should be classified as classical and quantum particles, then classical particle and quantum particle wave cannot and can pass many slits, respectively. This paper discovers wave-particle duality’s origin of displaying both wave property from plane wave part of the general Fourier expansion and particle property from the general Fourier expansion coefficients with the particle’s global property and spins etc. We give the superposition state representation of wave-particle duality, further find the collapse of the duality superposition state to wave or particle state. The collapsed wave or particle state is related to the measure of wave or particle property. Then, we explain why sometimes it's a wave or a particle. Our achieved results are truly tested, and we discover new measured attractive state and quantum wave collapse velocity expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China. .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, W. Lafayette, IN, 47907-2036, USA.
| | - Yong-Chang Huang
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China. .,Institute of Theoretical Physics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yi-You Nie
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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6
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Low Energy Antimatter Physics. UNIVERSE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/universe8020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We will review the motivations and the general features of experiments devoted to testing fundamental laws with antimatter at low energies, namely the study of CPT invariance and the Weak Equivalence Principle. A summary of the recent experimental results will be presented.
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Abstract
We present an interferometric method suitable to measure particle masses and, where applicable to the particle and its corresponding antiparticle, their mass ratio in order to detect possible symmetry violations between matter and antimatter. The method is based on interferometric techniques tunable to the specific mass range of the particle under consideration. The case study of electron and positron is presented, following the recent observation of positron interferometry.
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8
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Ghalandari M, Solaimani M. Fractional Young double-slit numerical experiment with Gaussian wavepackets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19458. [PMID: 33173094 PMCID: PMC7656464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we consider the transmission properties of a Gaussian wavepacket when transmits through few double and multi-slit systems in a fractional medium. For this purpose, we have solved the two-dimensional fractional Schrodinger equation utilizing a split-step Fourier method. Then, we have investigated the effects of different parameters such as the number of slits, slit width, barrier width, layer width, layer heights, fractional order, and wavepacket width on the transmission coefficient, and wavepacket evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Solaimani
- Department of Physics, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran.
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Matyushkin Y, Danilov S, Moskotin M, Belosevich V, Kaurova N, Rybin M, Obraztsova ED, Fedorov G, Gorbenko I, Kachorovskii V, Ganichev S. Helicity-Sensitive Plasmonic Terahertz Interferometer. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7296-7303. [PMID: 32903004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic interferometry is a rapidly growing area of research with a huge potential for applications in the terahertz frequency range. In this Letter, we explore a plasmonic interferometer based on graphene field effect transistor connected to specially designed antennas. As a key result, we observe helicity- and phase-sensitive conversion of circularly polarized radiation into dc photovoltage caused by the plasmon-interference mechanism: two plasma waves, excited at the source and drain part of the transistor, interfere inside the channel. The helicity-sensitive phase shift between these waves is achieved by using an asymmetric antenna configuration. The dc signal changes sign with inversion of the helicity. A suggested plasmonic interferometer is capable of measuring the phase difference between two arbitrary phase-shifted optical signals. The observed effect opens a wide avenue for phase-sensitive probing of plasma wave excitations in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Matyushkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Danilov
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Moskotin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Physics Department, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Belosevich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Physics Department, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Kaurova
- Physics Department, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Rybin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena D Obraztsova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Fedorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Physics Department, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Gorbenko
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentin Kachorovskii
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics, PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergey Ganichev
- Terahertz Center, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics, PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Quantum double-double-slit experiment with momentum entangled photons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11427. [PMID: 32651408 PMCID: PMC7351793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-double-slit thought experiment provides profound insight on interference of quantum entangled particles. This paper presents a detailed experimental realisation of quantum double-double-slit thought experiment with momentum entangled photons and theoretical analysis of the experiment. Experiment is configured in such a way that photons are path entangled and each photon can reveal the which-slit path information of the other photon. As a consequence, single photon interference is suppressed. However, two-photon interference pattern appears if locations of detection of photons are correlated without revealing the which-slit path information. It is also shown experimentally and theoretically that two-photon quantum interference disappears when the which-slit path of a photon in the double-double-slit is detected.
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11
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Johnson CW, Pierce JS, Moraski RC, Turner AE, Greenberg AT, Parker WS, McMorran BJ. Exact design of complex amplitude holograms for producing arbitrary scalar fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:17334-17346. [PMID: 32679943 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Typical methods to holographically encode arbitrary wavefronts assume the hologram medium only applies either phase shifts or amplitude attenuation to the wavefront. In many cases, phase cannot be introduced to the wavefront without also affecting the amplitude. Here we show how to encode an arbitrary wavefront into an off-axis transmission hologram that returns the exact desired arbitrary wavefunction in a diffracted beam for phase-only, amplitude-only, or mixed phase and amplitude holograms with any periodic groove profile. We apply this to design thin holograms for electrons in a TEM, but our results are generally applicable to light and X-ray optics. We employ a phase reconstruction from a series of focal plane images to qualitatively show the accuracy of this method to impart the expected amplitude and phase to a specific diffraction order.
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12
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Antimatter Quantum Interferometry. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The wave–particle duality hypothesis for massive particles has been confirmed by an overwhelming variety of indirect experimental evidence. In addition, direct interferometric tests have been made on particles like electrons, neutrons and even a few molecules, explicitly showing wave-like diffraction and interference phenomena. Of particular interest in this direction, single particle interference has also been demonstrated, but only for the electron case. No such kind of direct information was available for antiparticles or antimatter in general. After briefly discussing the subjects of antimatter research and interferometry, I present here the first evidence of single particle antimatter interference, made with positrons.
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