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Lilin P, Elkhoury JE, Peters IR, Bischofberger I. Fracture and relaxation in dense cornstarch suspensions. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad451. [PMID: 38222467 PMCID: PMC10785035 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Dense suspensions exhibit the remarkable ability to switch dynamically and reversibly from a fluid-like to a solid-like, shear-jammed (SJ) state. Here, we show how this transition has important implications for the propensity for forming fractures. We inject air into bulk dense cornstarch suspensions and visualize the air invasion into the opaque material using time-resolved X-ray radiography. For suspensions with cornstarch mass fractions high enough to exhibit discontinuous shear thickening and shear jamming, we show that air injection leads to fractures in the material. For high mass fractions, these fractures grow quasistatically as rough cavities with fractured interfaces. For lower mass fractions, remarkably, the fractures can relax to smooth bubbles that then rise under buoyancy. We show that the onset of the relaxation occurs as the shear rate induced by the air cavity growth decreases below the critical shear rate denoting the onset of discontinuous shear thickening, which reveals a structural signature of the SJ state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lilin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Ivo R Peters
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Irmgard Bischofberger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Gauthier A, Ovarlez G, Colin A. Shear thickening in presence of adhesive contact forces: The singularity of cornstarch. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1105-1112. [PMID: 37467639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A number of dense particle suspensions experience a dramatic increase in viscosity with the shear stress, up to a solid-like response. This shear-thickening process is understood as a transition under flow of the nature of the contacts - from lubricated to frictional - between initially repellent particles. Most systems are now assumed to fit in with this scenario, which is questionable. EXPERIMENT Using an in-house pressure sensor array, we provide a spatio-temporal map of the normal stresses in the flows of two shear-thickening fluids: a stabilized calcium carbonate suspension, known to fit in with the standard scenario, and a cornstarch suspension, which spectacular thickening behavior remains poorly understood. FINDINGS We evidence in cornstarch a unique, stable heterogeneous structure, which moves in the velocity direction and does not appear in calcium carbonate. Its nature changes from a stress wave to a rolling solid jammed aggregate at high solid fraction and small gap width. The modeling of these heterogenities points to an adhesive force between cornstarch particles at high stress, also evidenced in microscopic measurements. Cornstarch being also attractive at low stress, it stands out of the classical shear-thickening frame, and might be part of a larger family of adhesive and attractive shear-thickening fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Gauthier
- MIE - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France.
| | | | - Annie Colin
- MIE - Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, France
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Liu J, Sheng Z, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yu S, Cao M, Hou X. Non-Newtonian fluid gating membranes with acoustically responsive and self-protective gas transport control. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:899-907. [PMID: 36541214 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Control of gas transport through porous media is desired in multifarious processes such as chemical reactions, interface absorption, and medical treatment. Liquid gating technology, based on dynamically adaptive interfaces, has been developed in recent years and has shown excellent control capability in gas manipulation-the reversible opening and closing of a liquid gate for gas transport as the applied pressure changes. Here, we report a new strategy to achieve self-protective gas transport control by regulating the dynamic porous interface in a non-Newtonian fluid gating membrane based on the shear thickening fluid. The gas transport process can be suspended and restored via modulation of the acoustic field, owing to the transition of particle-to-particle interactions in a confined geometry. Our experimental and theoretical results support the stability and tunability of the gas transport control. In addition, relying on the shear thickening behaviour of the gating fluid, the transient response can be achieved to resist high-impact pressure. This strategy could be utilized to design integrated smart materials used in complex and extreme environments such as hazardous and explosive gas transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Mengchuang Zhang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Yunmao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shijie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Min Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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